Practical - 9

• Aim:
Design a overall dimension of 25KVA, 11000/433V, 50Hz 3
phase delta/star core type transformer.

• Objective:
To draw the overall dimension on drawing sheet.

• Theory:
When dealing with overall dimensions in transformer problems
refer to the following details & diagram.
Overall dimensions of 3 Phase core type transformer
a= Width of largest stamping
d= diameter of circumscribing circle
D= distance between centers of adjacent limbs
H= overall height of transformer over yokes
W= length of yoke
Hw= Height of window
Hy= Height of yoke
Ww= Width of window

D = d + Ww, Dy = a
H = Hw + 2Hy, W = 2D + a
Width over two limbs = D + outer diameter of hv winding
Width over one limb = outer diameter of hv winding
For single phase shell type transformer refer fig.
Dy= b , Hy= a, W= 2Ww + 4a, H= Hw + 2a
• Diagram:

• Problem:
Design a 25 kVA, 11000/433V, 50 Hz, 3 phase, delta/star,
core type, oil immersed natural cooled distribution transformer. The
transformer is provided with tapping ± 2(1/2) ± 5% on the h.v.
winding. Maximum temperature rise not to exceed 45°C with mean
temperature rise of oil 35°C.

• Calculation: Core Design.

The value of K is taken 0.45 for three phase core type distribution
transformers.
Voltage per turn Et = K√Q = 0.45*5 = 2.25 V.
𝐸𝑡 2.25
Flux in the core Փm = = = 0.010135 Wb.
4.44∗𝑓 4.44∗50

Hot rolled silicon steel grade 92 is used. The value of flux density B is
assumed as 1.0 W/m2
0.010135
Net iron area Ai = = 0.01035 m2 = 10.135*103 mm2
1.0

Using a cruciform core, Ai = 0.56 d2

Diameter of circumscribing circle d = √10.135 ∗ 103 /0.56 = 134.5 mm

Widths of laminations:
a = 85,
d = 0.85 * 135.8 = 114.8 mm,
b = 0.53
d = 0.53 * 135.8 = 71.6 mm.
The laminations are punched from 750 mm wide plates and the nearest
standard dimensions are a = 114 mm and b = 73 mm.
Window Dimensions. The window space factor for a small rating
transformer is
Kw = 8 / (30 + kV).
Kw = 8 / (30+71) = 0.195. The value assumed is Kw = 0.18.
The current density in the windings is taken as 2.3 A/mm2.
Output of transformer:
Q = 3.33*f*Bm*Kw*del*Aw*Ai*103
25 = 3.33*50*1*0.18*2.3*106*Aw*0.010135 x 10-3
or window area Aw = 0.0358 m2 = 35.8 x 103 mm2.
Taking the ratio height to width of window as 2.5,
Hw * Ww = 35.8 x 103 or 2.5 Ww2 = 3.8 x 103
Therefore, Width of window Ww = 120 mm and height of window = 300
mm. Area of window provided Aw = 300 * 120 = 36 * 103 mm2 = 0.036
m2.
 Distance between adjacent core centres D = Ww + d = 120 + 135 = 255mm.
Yoke Design.
The area of yoke is taken as 1.2 times that of limb.
Therefore, Flux density in yoke = 1/1.2 = 0.0833 Wb/m2.
Net area of yoke = 1.2 * 10.135 * 103 = 12.16 * 103 mm2.
Gross area of yoke = 12.16 * 103/0.9 = 13.5 x 103 mm2.
Taking the section of the yoke as rectangular,
Depth of yoke Dy = a = 114 mm
Therefore, Height of yoke Hy = 13.5 * 103/114 = 114 mm
Overall Dimensions of Frame.
Height of frame H = Hw + 2Hy = 300 + (2 * 114) = 528 mm.
Width of frame W = 2D + a = (2 * 255) + 114 = 624 mm.
Depth of frame Dy = a = 114 mm.

• Result:

Terms Calculated
H 528 mm
W 624 mm
Dy 114 mm
• Conclusion:
In this way we have design the 3 phase core type transformer
and drawn on sheet.