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New de nition of MSME
After 14 years since the MSME Development Act came into existence in 2006, a revision in MSME
de nition was announced in the Atmnirbhar Bharat package on 13th May, 2020. As per this
announcement, the de nition of Micro manufacturing and services units was increased to Rs. 1 Crore
of investment and Rs. 5 Crore of turnover. The limit of small unit was increased to Rs. 10 Crore of
investment and Rs 50 Crore of turnover. Similarly, the limit of medium unit was increased to Rs. 20
Crore of investment and Rs. 100 Crore of turnover. The Government of India on 01.06.2020 decided for
further upward revision of the MSME De nition. For medium Enterprises, now it will be Rs. 50 Crore of
investment and Rs. 250 Crore of turnover
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Press Information Bureau
Government of India
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy in India
Posted On: 09 SEP 2022 3:20PM
Renewable Energy in India
With a population of 1.3 billion, India has a massive demand for energy to fuel its rapidly growing economy. From a power deficit nation at the
time of Independence, the efforts to make India energy-independent have continued for over seven decades. Today, we are a power surplus nation
with a total installed electricity capacity of over Four lakh MW.
Keeping in mind the sustainable development goals, India's power generation mix is rapidly shifting towards a more significant share of
renewable energy. Today, India is the world's third largest producer of renewable energy, with 40% of its installed electricity capacity coming
from non-fossil fuel sources.
Installed capacity of renewable sources of energy in India
Solar Wind Small hydro Large hydro Biopower Nuclear
48.55 GW 40.03 GW 4.83 GW 46.51 GW 10.62 GW 6.78 GW
The Journey towards Renewable Energy in India
As a developing nation at the time of Independence, India relied heavily on coal to meet its energy demands. However, India has always been
committed to looking for more alternative energy sources for sustainable development. The beginning was made with hydropower, with major
hydroelectric power projects appearing on the scene of India’s energy arena. Over the years, many policy and regulatory initiatives have promoted
hydropower development and facilitated investments. Today, we are 5th in the world regarding usable hydropower potential.
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) was founded in the 1950s to secure the country's long-term energy independence. Today, we are the
only developing nation with indigenously developed, demonstrated and deployed nuclear reactors for electricity generation. This was made
possible through several decades of extensive scientific research and technology development.
Work on wind energy started in India during the 1960s when the National Aeronautical Laboratory (NAL) developed windmills, primarily for
supplying irrigation water. Today, we have the 4th largest wind power capacity in the world, blessed with a constant movement of wind, especially
in the Southern, Western and North Western regions.
Solar energy-based applications have benefited millions of Indians by meeting their cooking, lighting and other energy needs in an environment-
friendly manner. Having achieved large-scale success in solar energy solutions, India has spearheaded the International Solar Alliance (ISA)
which is an action-oriented, member-driven, collaborative platform for increased deployment of solar energy technologies. The membership of the
ISA is open to all member-states of the United Nations, and 107 countries are signatories to the ISA Framework Agreement at present. The
Alliance aims to efficiently utilise solar energy to reduce fossil fuel dependence, thereby creating a greener planet.
Biomass has also been an essential source of energy for India. It is renewable, widely available, carbon-neutral and has the potential to provide
significant employment in rural areas. Rapidly evolving technology has enabled thermal power plants to have more economical and energy-
efficient operations. India has co-fired biomass in thermal plants across the country to reduce its CO2 footprint in thermal power generation.
biomass power/co-generation programme since mid-nineties. Over 800 biomass power and bagasse/non-bagasse cogeneration projects have been
installed in the country for feeding power to the grid.
Promoting Clean Energy and Climate Change
India has progressively decoupled economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions. For example, the Net Zero Emissions target by 2030 by
Indian Railways alone will reduce emissions by 60 million tonnes annually. Similarly, India's massive UJALA LED bulb campaign is reducing
emissions by 40 million tonnes annually. To further complement these ongoing efforts, India launched the National Hydrogen Mission in 2013 to
make India the world's largest hydrogen hub.
Even though it supports the second largest population in the world, India’s sustained efforts have ensured that its per capita CO2 emissions are
much lower than the global average. The US emits 14.7 tonnes per capita, China emits 7.6 tonnes per capita, while India’s CO2 emissions amount
to 1.8 tonnes per capita.
The global power sector is undergoing an accelerated transformation due to technological innovations and response to climate change protocols.
At COP-21 in Paris in 2015, India committed to a 40% share of power generation from non-fossil fuel sources. We have achieved this target a
decade ahead of the 2030 timeline.
India has always shown its willingness in leadership to fight climate change. The country’s vision is to achieve Net Zero Emissions by 2070, in
addition to attaining the short-term targets which include:
Increasing renewables capacity to 500 GW by 2030,
Meeting 50% of energy requirements from renewables,
Reducing cumulative emissions by one billion tonnes by 2030, and
Reducing emissions intensity of India’s gross domestic product (GDP) by 45% by 2030.
India's experience will be valuable to other developing nations as they translate their climate pledges into actions and undertake energy transitions
towards a more sustainable energy future.
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Repo rate
the interest rate charged by the RBI when commercial banks borrow by selling their securities to the
central bank. Basically, it is the interest charged by the RBI when banks borrow from it - much like
commercial banks charge you interest for a car loan or home loan. The current repo rate is 6.50%.
On 8thFeb2023
What is reverse repo rate?
It is the opposite of the repo rate. It is the interest RBI pays commercial banks when they store excess
cash reserves. This is used by the RBI to control the ow of cash in the economy.
This allows the RBI to 'mop up' excess cash by making it more pro table for commercial banks to
store cash reserves with the central bank. At present, the reverse repo rate is xed at 3.35%.
All India Financial Institutions
All India Financial Institutions (AIFI) is a group composed of nancial regulatory bodies that play a
pivotal role in the nancial markets. Also known as " nancial instruments", the nancial institutions
assist in the proper allocation of resources, sourcing from businesses that have a surplus and
distributing to others who have de cits - this also assists with ensuring the continued circulation of
money in the economy. Possibly of greatest signi cance, the nancial institutions act as an
intermediary between borrowers and nal lenders, providing safety and liquidity. This process
subsequently ensures earnings on the investments and savings involved.[1] In Post-Independence
India, people were encouraged to increase savings, a tactic intended to provide funds for investment
by the Indian government. However, there was a huge gap between the supply of savings and demand
for the investment opportunities in the country.[1]
List of AIFIs
According to Economic Survey 2012–13,[2] at the end of March 2012, there were four nancial
regulatory bodies under the jurisdiction of Reserve Bank of India as all-India Financial Institutions:
• Export - Import Bank of India (Exim Bank)
• National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
• Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)
• National Housing Bank (NHB)
•
In 2022, Reserve Bank of India has announced that National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and
Development (NaBFID) will be regulated and supervised by it as an All India Financial Institution (AIFI)
under the RBI Act, 1934
https://www.clearias.com/non-performing-assets-npa/
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Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)
BSE is the oldest stock exchange in Asia
In 1986, Sensex was introduced, as the rst equity index to provide a base for identifying the top 30
trading companies of the exchange
It ranks amongst the top 10 most valued exchanges globally
It o ers trading in equities, derivatives and Commodities
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