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Procedia Engineering 85 (2014) 42 – 51

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Associate Professor, McWhorter School of Building Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.527
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5.2. Qualitative analysis – survey and interview results

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5.2.1. Social media impact on recruitment



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5.2.2. Social media impact on disseminating company’s or projects’ news



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5.2.3. Social media impact on company branding



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5.2.4. Social media impact on client networking



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5.2.5. Social media impact on training and related information



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5.2.6. Risks and challenges concerning social media



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5.2.7. Innovation and collaboration provided by social media



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