PART A – Short answers

Question 1 [5 marks]

Find at least 5 errors in the following main() and correct them. You can add explanation on the right
int main () {
int const = 30; identifier missing (exchange of int and const is allowed!)
int x = 2.5; double assigned to an int (not a syntax error though)
while x < 10 { brackets missing around the condition
sum = sum + x ; sum not declared
if (sum = 0) ; 1) double equal (==) 2) no semicolon
cout << "zero sum";
else {
x = x+1;
Z = Z+2; Z not declared nor initialized
cout << x , Z; replace , by <<
}
} } missing

Question 2 [5 marks]

a) Rewrite the following for loop as a while loop.

for (int i=n; i>=1; i=i/2)

cout << i;

int i = n;
while (i >= 1){
cout << i;
i = i/2;
}

b) What is the output produced if n contains the value 15? Output: 15 7 3 1 (no spaces)
Question 3 [4 marks]

The following piece of code aims at depositing or withdrawing a maximum of $1000 into/from a
bank account. Rewrite it using a combination of switch and if statements.

if (transaction == 'D' && amount <= 1000)

balance = balance + amount;
if (transaction == 'D' && amount > 1000){
balance = balance + 1000;
 cout << "cannot deposit more than $1000";
}
if (transaction == 'W' && amount <= 1000)
balance = balance - amount;
if (transaction == 'W' && amount > 1000){
balance = balance – 1000;
cout << "cannot withdraw more than $1000";
}

switch (transaction){ if (amount <= 1000)

case 'D': if (amount <= 1000) switch (transaction){
balance = balance + amount; case 'D' : balance = balance + amount;
else { break;
balance = balance + 1000; case 'W' : balance = balance - amount;
cout << "can’t dep > $1000"; break;
} }
break; else
case 'W': if (amount <= 1000) switch (transaction){
balance = balance - amount; case 'D' : balance = balance + 1000;
else { cout << "can’t dep > $1000";
balance = balance - 1000; break;
cout << "can’t withd >$1000"; case 'W' : balance = balance - 1000;
} cout << "can’t with > $1000";
break; break;
} }

Question 4 [3 marks]

In the code below, complete the statement in bold by using the substr() function to remove the
character at position i in the string word (Hint: concatenate what’s before position i and what’s after it )

string word = "programming";

int i; // i is a position between 0 and word.length()-1
cout << ”Enter a position between 0 and ” << word.length()-1;
cin >> i;
// your code to remove the character at position i
word = word.substr(0,i) + word.substr (i+1);
cout << word; // e.g. if i=3, the program will print “programming”
.
Question 5 [5 marks]

a) What is the output from the program?

int do_something (int x, int & y){ .

int sum = x+y;
x++;
y++;
return sum;
}

int main(){
int num1 = 5;
int num2 = 10;
int result = do_something (num1, num2);
cout << num1 << num2 << result; output: 5 11 15 (no spaces)
}

Question 7 [3 marks]

What is the output from the following program?

int main(){
int A[6] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60};
int B[6];

for (int i=0; i<3; i++)

B[i] = A[i];

for (int i=0; i<6; i++)

cout << B[i] << “ “; output: 10 20 30 garbage garb garb
}
PART B – Programming

Question 8 [10 marks]

Write a main() that:

- Asks the user to enter 3 distinct numbers, and reads them.

- If the numbers are not distinct, the program should output an error message and stop*.
- If they are distinct, the program should:
 Find their sum and outputs it.
 Find the smallest of the 3 numbers and outputs it.
 Output the sum of the largest two.

* 2 bonus marks will be given if you use a do-while loop to ensure the numbers are distinct.

int main(){
int a, b, c;
do {
cout << "Please enter 3 distinct numbers ";
cin >> a >> b >> c;
} while (a==b || b==c | a==c);

int sum = a + b + c;
cout << "their sum is: " << sum << endl;

int smallest = a;
if (b < smallest)
smallest = b;
if (c < smallest)
smallest = c;

cout << "The smallest number is: " << smallest << endl;

cout << "the sum of the larger two is: " << sum - smallest;
 }
Question 9 [12 marks]

a) Write a complete C++ function that takes a number n as a parameter. The function reads n
integers entered by the user, and calculates and returns the alternating sum of these integers.
For example, if n = 5, and the user enters 3,7,8,2,6, your function should compute + 3 – 7 +
8 – 2 + 6, and returns the sum 8.

b) Show how the function can be called from the main().

int alt_sum (int n){

int num;
int sum = 0;
int sign = 1;
for (int i=0; i<n; i++){
cin >> num;
sum = sum + sign*num;
sign = -sign;
}
return sum;
}

int main () {
cout << "The alternating sum of the numbers is: " << alt_sum(5);
}

or

for (int i=1; i<=n; i++){

cin >> num;
if (i%2 == 0)
sum = sum + num;
else sum = sum - num;
}

or

for (int i=1; i<=n; i++){

cin >> num;
if (i%2 != 0)
num = - num;
sum = sum + num;
}

Or

for (int i=0; i<n; i++){

cin >> num;
sum = sum + num * pow(-1,i);
}