CFR 2009 Title49 Vol3 Part195

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, DOT Pt.
195
Major rivers Nearest town and state Major rivers Nearest town and state
Black Warrior River ............... Moundville, AL. Yukon River ........................... Fairbanks, AK.
Black Warrior River ............... Akron, AL.
Brazos River .......................... Glen Rose, TX.
Brazos River .......................... Sealy, TX. Other Navigable Waters
Catawba River ....................... Mount Holly, NC. Arthur Kill Channel, NY
Chattahoochee River ............. Sandy Springs, GA.
Cook Inlet, AK
Colorado River ....................... Yuma, AZ.
Colorado River ....................... LaPaz, AZ. Freeport, TX
Connecticut River .................. Lancaster, NH. Los Angeles/Long Beach Harbor, CA
Coosa River ........................... Vincent, AL. Port Lavaca, TX
Cumberland River .................. Clarksville, TN. San Fransico/San Pablo Bay, CA
Delaware River ...................... Frenchtown, NJ.
Delaware River ...................... Lower Chichester, NJ.
Gila River ............................... Gila Bend, AZ. PART 195—TRANSPORTATION OF
Grand River ...........................
Illinois River ...........................
Bosworth, MO.
Chillicothe, IL.
HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE
Illinois River ........................... Havanna, IL.
James River ........................... Arvonia, VA. Subpart A—General
Kankakee River ..................... Kankakee, IL.
Kankakee River ..................... South Bend, IN. Sec.
Kankakee River ..................... Wilmington, IL. 195.0 Scope.
Kentucky River ...................... Salvisa, KY. 195.1 Which pipelines are covered by this
Kentucky River ...................... Worthville, KY. part?
Maumee River ....................... Defiance, OH.
195.2 Definitions.
Maumee River ....................... Toledo, OH.
Mississippi River .................... Myrtle Grove, LA. 195.3 Incorporation by reference.
Mississippi River .................... Woodriver, IL. 195.4 Compatibility necessary for transpor-
Mississippi River .................... Chester, IL. tation of hazardous liquids or carbon di-
Mississippi River .................... Cape Girardeau, MO. oxide.
Mississippi River .................... Woodriver, IL. 195.5 Conversion to service subject to this
Mississippi River .................... St. James, LA. part.
Mississippi River .................... New Roads, LA.
195.6 Unusually Sensitive Areas (USAs).
Mississippi River .................... Ball Club, MN.
Mississippi River .................... Mayersville, MS. 195.8 Transportation of hazardous liquid or
Mississippi River .................... New Roads, LA. carbon dioxide in pipelines constructed
Mississippi River .................... Quincy, IL. with other than steel pipe.
Mississippi River .................... Ft. Madison, IA. 195.9 Outer continental shelf pipelines.
Missouri River ........................ Waverly, MO. 195.10 Responsibility of operator for compli-
Missouri River ........................ St. Joseph, MO. ance with this part.
Missouri River ........................ Weldon Springs, MO. 195.11 What is a regulated rural gathering
Missouri River ........................ New Frankfort, MO.
Naches River ......................... Beaumont, TX.
line and what requirements apply?
Ohio River .............................. Joppa, IL. 195.12 What requirements apply to low-
Ohio River .............................. Cincinnati, OH. stress pipelines in rural areas?
Ohio River .............................. Owensboro, KY.
Pascagoula River .................. Lucedale, MS. Subpart B—Annual, Accident, and Safety-
Pascagoula River .................. Wiggins, MS. Related Condition Reporting
Pearl River ............................. Columbia, MS.
Pearl River ............................. Oria, TX. 195.48 Scope.
Platte River ............................ Ogaliala, NE.
195.49 Annual report.
Potomac River ....................... Reston, VA.
Rappahannock River ............. Midland, VA. 195.50 Reporting accidents.
Raritan River .......................... South Bound Brook, NJ. 195.52 Telephonic notice of certain acci-
Raritan River .......................... Highland Park, NJ. dents.
Red River (of the South) ....... Hanna, LA. 195.54 Accident reports.
Red River (of the South) ....... Bonham, TX. 195.55 Reporting safety-related conditions.
Red River (of the South) ....... Dekalb, TX. 195.56 Filing safety-related condition re-
Red River (of the South) ....... Sentell Plantation, LA. ports.
Red River (of the North) ........ Wahpeton, ND.
Rio Grande ............................ Anthony, NM.
195.57 Filing offshore pipeline condition re-
Sabine River .......................... Edgewood, TX. ports.
Sabine River .......................... Leesville, LA. 195.58 Address for written reports.
Sabine River .......................... Orange, TX. 195.59 Abandonment or deactivation of fa-
Sabine River .......................... Echo, TX. cilities.
Savannah River ..................... Hartwell, GA. 195.60 Operator assistance in investigation.
Smokey Hill River .................. Abilene, KS. 195.62 Supplies of accident report DOT
Susquehanna River ............... Darlington, MD.
Form 7000–1.
Tenessee River ..................... New Johnsonville, TN.
Wabash River ........................ Harmony, IN. 195.63 OMB control number assigned to in-
Wabash River ........................ Terre Haute, IN. formation collection.
wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFR
Wabash River ........................ Mt. Carmel, IL.

White River ............................ Batesville, AR. Subpart C—Design Requirements
White River ............................ Grand Glaise, AR.
Wisconsin River ..................... Wisconsin Rapids, WI. 195.100 Scope.
171
VerDate Nov<24>2008 08:10 Dec 07, 2009 Jkt 217214 PO 00000 Frm 00181 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\217214.XXX 217214
Pt. 195 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
195.101 Qualifying metallic components 195.303 Risk-based alternative to pressure
other than pipe. testing older hazardous liquid and carbon
195.102 Design temperature. dioxide pipelines.
195.104 Variations in pressure. 195.304 Test pressure.
195.106 Internal design pressure. 195.305 Testing of components.
195.108 External pressure. 195.306 Test medium.
195.110 External loads. 195.307 Pressure testing aboveground break-
195.111 Fracture propagation. out tanks.
195.112 New pipe. 195.308 Testing of tie-ins.
195.114 Used pipe. 195.310 Records.
195.116 Valves.
195.118 Fittings. Subpart F—Operation and Maintenance
195.120 Passage of internal inspection de-
vices. 195.400 Scope.
195.122 Fabricated branch connections. 195.401 General requirements.
195.402 Procedural manual for operations,
195.124 Closures.
maintenance, and emergencies.
195.126 Flange connection.
195.403 Emergency response training.
195.128 Station piping.
195.404 Maps and records.
195.130 Fabricated assemblies.
195.405 Protection against ignitions and safe
195.132 Design and construction of above-
access/egress involving floating roofs.
ground breakout tanks.
195.406 Maximum operating pressure.
195.134 CPM leak detection.
195.408 Communications.
195.410 Line markers.
Subpart D—Construction 195.412 Inspection of rights-of-way and
195.200 Scope. crossings under navigable waters.
195.202 Compliance with specifications or 195.413 Underwater inspection and reburial
standards. of pipelines in the Gulf of Mexico and its
195.204 Inspection—general. inlets.
195.205 Repair, alteration and reconstruc- 195.414–195.418 [Reserved]
tion of aboveground breakout tanks that 195.420 Valve maintenance.
have been in service. 195.422 Pipeline repairs.
195.206 Material inspection. 195.424 Pipe movement.
195.208 Welding of supports and braces. 195.426 Scraper and sphere facilities.
195.210 Pipeline location. 195.428 Overpressure safety devices and
195.212 Bending of pipe. overfill protection systems.
195.214 Welding: General. 195.430 Firefighting equipment.
195.216 Welding: Miter joints. 195.432 Inspection of in-service breakout
195.222 Welders: Qualification of welders. tanks.
195.224 Welding: Weather. 195.434 Signs.
195.226 Welding: Arc burns. 195.436 Security of facilities.
195.228 Welds and welding inspection: 195.438 Smoking or open flames.
Standards of acceptability. 195.440 Public awareness.
195.230 Welds: Repair or removal of defects. 195.442 Damage prevention program.
195.234 Welds: Nondestructive testing. 195.444 CPM leak detection.
195.236–195.244 [Reserved]
HIGH CONSEQUENCE AREAS
195.246 Installation of pipe in a ditch.
195.248 Cover over buried pipeline. 195.450 Definitions.
195.250 Clearance between pipe and under-
ground structures. PIPELINE INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT
195.252 Backfilling. 195.452 Pipeline integrity management in
195.254 Above ground components. high consequence areas.
195.256 Crossing of railroads and highways.
195.258 Valves: General. Subpart G—Qualification of Pipeline
195.260 Valves: Location. Personnel
195.262 Pumping equipment.
195.264 Impoundment, protection against 195.501 Scope.
entry, normal/emergency venting or 195.503 Definitions.
pressure/vacuum relief for aboveground 195.505 Qualification program.
breakout tanks. 195.507 Recordkeeping.
195.266 Construction records. 195.509 General.
Subpart E—Pressure Testing Subpart H—Corrosion Control

195.300 Scope. 195.551 What do the regulations in this sub-
195.302 General requirements. part cover?
172
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, DOT § 195.1
195.553 What special definitions apply to Subpart A—General
this subpart?
195.555 What are the qualifications for su- § 195.0 Scope.
pervisors?
195.557 Which pipelines must have coating
This part prescribes safety standards
for external corrosion control? and reporting requirements for pipeline
195.559 What coating material may I use for facilities used in the transportation of
external corrosion control? hazardous liquids or carbon dioxide.
195.561 When must I inspect pipe coating [Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR 26925, June 12, 1991]
used for external corrosion control?
195.563 Which pipelines must have cathodic § 195.1 Which pipelines are covered by
protection? this part?
195.565 How do I install cathodic protection (a) Covered. Except for the pipelines
on breakout tanks?
listed in paragraph (b) of this section,
195.567 Which pipelines must have test leads
this part applies to pipeline facilities
and what must I do to install and main-
tain the leads?
and the transportation of hazardous
195.569 Do I have to examine exposed por-
liquids or carbon dioxide associated
tions of buried pipelines? with those facilities in or affecting
195.571 What criteria must I use to deter- interstate or foreign commerce, includ-
mine the adequacy of cathodic protec- ing pipeline facilities on the Outer
tion? Continental Shelf (OCS). This includes:
195.573 What must I do to monitor external (1) Any pipeline that transports a
corrosion control? highly volatile liquid (HVL);
195.575 Which facilities must I electrically (2) Transportation through any pipe-
isolate and what inspections, tests, and line, other than a gathering line, that
safeguards are required? has a maximum operating pressure
195.577 What must I do to alleviate inter- (MOP) greater than 20-percent of the
ference currents? specified minimum yield strength;
195.579 What must I do to mitigate internal (3) Any pipeline segment that crosses
corrosion? a waterway currently used for commer-
195.581 Which pipelines must I protect cial navigation;
against atmospheric corrosion and what (4) Transportation of petroleum in
coating material may I use? any of the following onshore gathering
195.583 What must I do to monitor atmos- lines:
pheric corrosion control? (i) A pipeline located in a non-rural
195.585 What must I do to correct corroded area;
pipe?
(ii) To the extent provided in § 195.11,
195.587 What methods are available to deter-
a regulated rural gathering line defined
mine the strength of corroded pipe?
in § 195.11; or
195.588 What standards apply to direct as-
sessment?
(iii) To the extent provided in
195.589 What corrosion control information
§ 195.413, a pipeline located in an inlet
do I have to maintain? of the Gulf of Mexico.
(5) Transportation of a hazardous liq-
APPENDIX A TO PART 195—DELINEATION BE-
uid or carbon dioxide through a low-
TWEEN FEDERAL AND STATE JURISDIC-
TION—STATEMENT OF AGENCY POLICY AND
stress pipeline or segment of pipeline
INTERPRETATION that:
APPENDIX B TO PART 195—RISK-BASED ALTER- (i) Is in a non-rural area; or
NATIVE TO PRESSURE TESTING OLDER HAZ- (ii) Meets the criteria defined in
ARDOUS LIQUID AND CARBON DIOXIDE PIPE- § 195.12(a).
LINES (6) For purposes of the reporting re-
APPENDIX C TO PART 195—GUIDANCE FOR IM- quirements in subpart B, a rural low-
PLEMENTATION OF AN INTEGRITY MANAGE- stress pipeline of any diameter.
MENT PROGRAM (b) Excepted. This part does not apply
AUTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 5103, 60102, 60104, to any of the following:
60108, 60109, 60118; and 49 CFR 1.53. (1) Transportation of a hazardous liq-
uid transported in a gaseous state;
SOURCE: Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, (2) Transportation of a hazardous liq-
1981, unless otherwise noted. uid through a pipeline by gravity;

EDITORIAL NOTE: Nomenclature changes to (3) A pipeline subject to safety regu-
part 195 appear at 71 FR 33409, June 9, 2006. lations of the U.S. Coast Guard;
173
§ 195.2 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(4) A low-stress pipeline that serves non-pipeline mode and a pipeline.

refining, manufacturing, or truck, rail, These facilities do not include any de-
or vessel terminal facilities, if the vice and associated piping that are nec-
pipeline is less than one mile long essary to control pressure in the pipe-
(measured outside facility grounds) and line under § 195.406(b); or
does not cross an offshore area or a wa- (10) Transportation of carbon dioxide
terway currently used for commercial downstream from the applicable fol-
navigation; lowing point:
(5) Transportation of hazardous liq- (i) The inlet of a compressor used in
uid or carbon dioxide in an offshore the injection of carbon dioxide for oil
pipeline in State waters where the recovery operations, or the point where
pipeline is located upstream from the recycled carbon dioxide enters the in-
outlet flange of the following farthest jection system, whichever is farther
downstream facility: The facility upstream; or
where hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide (ii) The connection of the first
are produced or the facility where pro- branch pipeline in the production field
duced hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide where the pipeline transports carbon
are first separated, dehydrated, or oth- dioxide to an injection well or to a
erwise processed; header or manifold from which a pipe-
(6) Transportation of hazardous liq-
line branches to an injection well.
uid or carbon dioxide in a pipeline on
(c) Breakout tanks. Breakout tanks
the OCS where the pipeline is located
subject to this part must comply with
upstream of the point at which oper-
ating responsibility transfers from a requirements that apply specifically to
producing operator to a transporting breakout tanks and, to the extent ap-
operator; plicable, with requirements that apply
(7) A pipeline segment upstream to pipeline systems and pipeline facili-
(generally seaward) of the last valve on ties. If a conflict exists between a re-
the last production facility on the OCS quirement that applies specifically to
where a pipeline on the OCS is pro- breakout tanks and a requirement that
ducer-operated and crosses into State applies to pipeline systems or pipeline
waters without first connecting to a facilities, the requirement that applies
transporting operator’s facility on the specifically to breakout tanks prevails.
OCS. Safety equipment protecting Anhydrous ammonia breakout tanks
PHMSA-regulated pipeline segments is need not comply with §§ 195.132(b),
not excluded. A producing operator of a 195.205(b), 195.242 (c) and (d), 195.264(b)
segment falling within this exception and (e), 195.307, 195.428(c) and (d), and
may petition the Administrator, under 195.432(b) and (c).
§ 190.9 of this chapter, for approval to [73 FR 31644, June 3, 2008]
operate under PHMSA regulations gov-
erning pipeline design, construction, EDITORIAL NOTE: For FEDERAL REGISTER ci-
tations affecting § 195.1, see the List of CFR
operation, and maintenance;
Sections Affected, which appears in the
(8) Transportation of a hazardous liq- Finding Aids section of the printed volume
uid or carbon dioxide through onshore and on GPO Access.
production (including flow lines), refin-
ing, or manufacturing facilities or stor- § 195.2 Definitions.
age or in-plant piping systems associ-
ated with such facilities; As used in this part—
(9) Transportation of a hazardous liq- Abandoned means permanently re-
uid or carbon dioxide: moved from service.
(i) By vessel, aircraft, tank truck, Administrator means the Adminis-
tank car, or other non-pipeline mode of trator, Pipeline and Hazardous Mate-
transportation; or rials Safety Administration or his or
(ii) Through facilities located on the her delegate.
grounds of a materials transportation Barrel means a unit of measurement
terminal if the facilities are used ex- equal to 42 U.S. standard gallons.
clusively to transfer hazardous liquid Breakout tank means a tank used to

or carbon dioxide between non-pipeline (a) relieve surges in a hazardous liquid
modes of transportation or between a pipeline system or (b) receive and store
174
hazardous liquid transported by a pipe- vapor cloud when released to the at-
line for reinjection and continued mosphere and which has a vapor pres-
transportation by pipeline. sure exceeding 276 kPa (40 psia) at 37.8°
Carbon dioxide means a fluid con- C (100° F).
sisting of more than 90 percent carbon In-plant piping system means piping
dioxide molecules compressed to a that is located on the grounds of a
supercritical state. plant and used to transfer hazardous
Component means any part of a pipe- liquid or carbon dioxide between plant
line which may be subjected to pump facilities or between plant facilities
pressure including, but not limited to, and a pipeline or other mode of trans-
pipe, valves, elbows, tees, flanges, and portation, not including any device and
closures. associated piping that are necessary to
Computation Pipeline Monitoring control pressure in the pipeline under
(CPM) means a software-based moni- § 195.406(b).
toring tool that alerts the pipeline dis- Interstate pipeline means a pipeline or
patcher of a possible pipeline operating that part of a pipeline that is used in
anomaly that may be indicative of a the transportation of hazardous liquids
commodity release. or carbon dioxide in interstate or for-
Corrosive product means ‘‘corrosive eign commerce.
material’’ as defined by § 173.136 Class Intrastate pipeline means a pipeline or
8–Definitions of this chapter. that part of a pipeline to which this
Exposed underwater pipeline means an part applies that is not an interstate
underwater pipeline where the top of pipeline.
the pipe protrudes above the under- Line section means a continuous run
water natural bottom (as determined of pipe between adjacent pressure pump
by recognized and generally accepted stations, between a pressure pump sta-
practices) in waters less than 15 feet tion and terminal or breakout tanks,
(4.6 meters) deep, as measured from between a pressure pump station and a
mean low water. block valve, or between adjacent block
Flammable product means ‘‘flammable valves.
liquid’’ as defined by § 173.120 Class 3– Low-stress pipeline means a hazardous
Definitions of this chapter. liquid pipeline that is operated in its
Gathering line means a pipeline 219.1 entirety at a stress level of 20 percent
mm (85⁄8 in) or less nominal outside di- or less of the specified minimum yield
ameter that transports petroleum from strength of the line pipe.
a production facility. Maximum operating pressure (MOP)
Gulf of Mexico and its inlets means the means the maximum pressure at which
waters from the mean high water mark a pipeline or segment of a pipeline may
of the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and be normally operated under this part.
its inlets open to the sea (excluding Nominal wall thickness means the wall
rivers, tidal marshes, lakes, and ca- thickness listed in the pipe specifica-
nals) seaward to include the territorial tions.
sea and Outer Continental Shelf to a Offshore means beyond the line of or-
depth of 15 feet (4.6 meters), as meas- dinary low water along that portion of
ured from the mean low water. the coast of the United States that is
Hazard to navigation means, for the in direct contact with the open seas
purposes of this part, a pipeline where and beyond the line marking the sea-
the top of the pipe is less than 12 ward limit of inland waters.
inches (305 millimeters) below the un- Operator means a person who owns or
derwater natural bottom (as deter- operates pipeline facilities.
mined by recognized and generally ac- Outer Continental Shelf means all sub-
cepted practices) in waters less than 15 merged lands lying seaward and out-
feet (4.6 meters) deep, as measured side the area of lands beneath navi-
from the mean low water. gable waters as defined in Section 2 of
Hazardous liquid means petroleum, the Submerged Lands Act (43 U.S.C.
petroleum products, or anhydrous am- 1301) and of which the subsoil and sea-
monia. bed appertain to the United States and

Highly volatile liquid or HVL means a are subject to its jurisdiction and con-
hazardous liquid which will form a trol.
175
§ 195.3 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
Person means any individual, firm, shopping center, or community devel-

joint venture, partnership, corporation, opment.
association, State, municipality, coop- Specified minimum yield strength
erative association, or joint stock asso- means the minimum yield strength, ex-
ciation, and includes any trustee, re- pressed in p.s.i. (kPa) gage, prescribed
ceiver, assignee, or personal represent- by the specification under which the
ative thereof. material is purchased from the manu-
Petroleum means crude oil, conden- facturer.
sate, natural gasoline, natural gas liq- Stress level means the level of tangen-
uids, and liquefied petroleum gas. tial or hoop stress, usually expressed as
Petroleum product means flammable, a percentage of specified minimum
toxic, or corrosive products obtained yield strength.
from distilling and processing of crude Surge pressure means pressure pro-
oil, unfinished oils, natural gas liquids, duced by a change in velocity of the
blend stocks and other miscellaneous moving stream that results from shut-
hydrocarbon compounds. ting down a pump station or pumping
Pipe or line pipe means a tube, usu- unit, closure of a valve, or any other
ally cylindrical, through which a haz- blockage of the moving stream.
ardous liquid or carbon dioxide flows Toxic product means ‘‘poisonous ma-
from one point to another. terial’’ as defined by § 173.132 Class 6,
Pipeline or pipeline system means all Division 6.1–Definitions of this chapter.
parts of a pipeline facility through Unusually Sensitive Area (USA) means
which a hazardous liquid or carbon di- a drinking water or ecological resource
oxide moves in transportation, includ- area that is unusually sensitive to en-
ing, but not limited to, line pipe, vironmental damage from a hazardous
valves, and other appurtenances con- liquid pipeline release, as identified
nected to line pipe, pumping units, fab- under § 195.6.
ricated assemblies associated with
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47
pumping units, metering and delivery
FR 32721, July 29, 1982, as amended by Amdt.
stations and fabricated assemblies 195–33, 50 FR 15898, Apr. 23, 1985; 50 FR 38660,
therein, and breakout tanks. Sept. 24, 1985; Amdt. 195–36, 51 FR 15007, Apr.
Pipeline facility means new and exist- 22, 1986; Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR 26925, June 12,
ing pipe, rights-of-way and any equip- 1991; Amdt. 195–47, 56 FR 63771, Dec. 5, 1991;
ment, facility, or building used in the Amdt. 195–50, 59 FR 17281, Apr. 12, 1994; Amdt.
transportation of hazardous liquids or 195–52, 59 FR 33395, 33396, June 28, 1994; Amdt.
carbon dioxide. 195–53, 59 FR 35471, July 12, 1994; Amdt. 195–
59, 62 FR 61695, Nov. 19, 1997; Amdt. 195–62, 63
Production facility means piping or FR 36376, July 6, 1998; Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR
equipment used in the production, ex- 37506, July 13, 1998; Amdt. 195–69, 65 FR 54444,
traction, recovery, lifting, stabiliza- Sept. 8, 2000; Amdt. 195–71, 65 FR 80544, Dec.
tion, separation or treating of petro- 21, 2000; 68 FR 11749, Mar. 12, 2003; Amdt. 195–
leum or carbon dioxide, or associated 81, 69 FR 32896, June 14, 2004; Amdt. 195–82, 69
storage or measurement. (To be a pro- FR 48406, Aug. 10, 2004; 70 FR 11140, Mar. 8,
duction facility under this definition, 2005]
piping or equipment must be used in
the process of extracting petroleum or § 195.3 Incorporation by reference.
carbon dioxide from the ground or from (a) Any document or portion thereof
facilities where CO2 is produced, and incorporated by reference in this part
preparing it for transportation by pipe- is included in this part as though it
line. This includes piping between were printed in full. When only a por-
treatment plants which extract carbon tion of a document is referenced, then
dioxide, and facilities utilized for the this part incorporates only that ref-
injection of carbon dioxide for recovery erenced portion of the document and
operations.) the remainder is not incorporated. Ap-
Rural area means outside the limits plicable editions are listed in para-
of any incorporated or unincorpated graph (c) of this section in parentheses
city, town, village, or any other des- following the title of the referenced
ignated residential or commercial area material. Earlier editions listed in pre-
such as a subdivision, a business or vious editions of this section may be
176
used for components manufactured, de- 1. Pipeline Research Council Inter-

signed, or installed in accordance with national, Inc. (PRCI), c/o Technical
those earlier editions at the time they Toolboxes, 3801 Kirby Drive, Suite 520,
were listed. The user must refer to the Houston, TX 77098.
appropriate previous edition of 49 CFR 2. American Petroleum Institute
for a listing of the earlier editions. (API), 1220 L Street, NW., Washington,
(b) All incorporated materials are DC 20005.
available for inspection in the Office of 3. ASME International (ASME),
Pipelline Safety, Pipeline and Haz- Three Park Avenue, New York, NY
ardous Materials Safety Administra- 10016–5990.
4. Manufacturers Standardization So-
tion, U.S. Department of Transpor-
ciety of the Valve and Fittings Indus-
tation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE.,
try, Inc. (MSS), 127 Park Street, NE.,
Washington, DC, 20590–0001 or at the Vienna, VA 22180.
National Archives and Records Admin- 5. American Society for Testing and
istration (NARA). For information on Materials (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor
the availability of this material at Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.
NARA, call 202–741–6030 or go to: http:// 6. National Fire Protection Associa-
www.archives.gov/federallregister/ tion (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park,
codeloflfederallregulations/ P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269–9101.
ibrllocations.html. These materials 7. NACE International, 1440 South
have been approved for incorporation Creek Drive, Houston, TX 77084.
by reference by the Director of the (c) The full titles of publications in-
Federal Register in accordance with 5 corporated by reference wholly or par-
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. In addi- tially in this part are as follows. Num-
tion, materials incorporated by ref- bers in parentheses indicate applicable
erence are available as follows: editions:
Source and name of referenced material 49 CFR reference
A. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI):

(1) AGA Pipeline Research Committee, Project PR–3–805, ‘‘A Modified Criterion § 195.452(h)(4)(B).
for Evaluating the Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipe,’’ (December 22,
1989). The RSTRENG program may be used for calculating remaining
strength.
B. American Petroleum Institute (API):
(1) ANSI/API Specification 5L/ISO 3183 ‘‘Specification for Line Pipe’’ (43rd edi- §§ 195.106(b)(1)(i); 195.106(e).
tion and errata, 2004; and 44th edition, 2007).
(2) API Specification 6D ‘‘Pipeline Valves’’ (22nd edition, January 2002) ............. § 195.116(d).
(3) API Specification 12F ‘‘Specification for Shop Welded Tanks for Storage of §§ 195.132(b)(1); 195.205(b)(2);
Production Liquids,’’ (11th edition, 1994). 195.264(b)(1); 195.264(e)(1);
195.307(a); 195.565; 195.579(d).
(4) API 510 ‘‘Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: Maintenance Inspection, Rating, §§ 195.205(b)(3); 195.432(c).
Repair, and Alteration,’’ (8th edition, 1997 including Addenda 1 through 4).
(5) API 620 ‘‘Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage §§ 195.132(b)(2); 195.205(b)(2);
Tanks,’’ (10th edition, 2002 including Addendum 1). 195.264(b)(1); 195.264(e)(3);
195.307(b).
(6) API 650 ‘‘Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage,’’ (10th edition, 1998 including §§ 195.132(b)(3); 195.205(b)(1);
Addenda 1–3). 195.264(b)(1); 195.264(e)(2); 195.307I;
195.307(d); 195.565; 195.579(d).
(7) API Recommended Practice 651 ‘‘Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Pe- §§ 195.565; 195.579(d).
troleum Storage Tanks,’’ (2nd edition, December 1997).
(8) API Recommended Practice 652 ‘‘Lining of Aboveground Petroleum Storage § 195.579(d).
Tank Bottoms,’’ (2nd edition, December 1997).
(9) API 653 ‘‘Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction,’’ (3rd edi- §§ 195.205(b)(1); 195.432(b).
tion, 2001 including Addendum 1, 2003).
(10) API 1104 ‘‘Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities’’ (19th edition 1999, §§ 195.222; 195.228(b); 195.214(a).
including errata October 31, 2001; and 20th edition 2007, including errata
2008).
(11) API 1130 ‘‘Computational Pipeline Monitoring for Liquid Pipelines,’’ (2nd §§ 195.134; 195.444.
edition, 2002).
(12) API 2000 ‘‘Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks,’’ (5th §§ 195.264(e)(2); 195.264(e)(3).
edition, April 1998).
(13) API Recommended Practice 2003 ‘‘Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out § 195.405(a).
of Static, Lightning, and Stray Currents,’’ (6th edition, 1998).
(14) API 2026 ‘‘Safe Access/Egress Involving Floating Roofs of Storage Tanks § 195.405(b).
in Petroleum Service,’’ (2nd edition, 1998).
177
§ 195.3 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
Source and name of referenced material 49 CFR reference
(15) API Recommended Practice 2350 ‘‘Overfill Protection for Storage Tanks In § 195.428I.
Petroleum Facilities,’’ (2nd edition, 1996).
(16) API 2510 ‘‘Design and Construction of LPG Installations,’’ (8th edition, §§ 195.132(b)(3); 195.205(b)(3);
2001). 195.264(b)(2); 195.264(e)(4);
195.307(e);195.428(c); 195.432(c).
(17) API Recommended Practice 1162 ‘‘Public Awareness Programs for Pipe- §§ 195.440(a); 195.440(b); 195.440(c).
line Operators,’’ (1st edition, December 2003).
C. ASME International (ASME):
(1) ASME B16.9–2003 (February 2004) ‘‘Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt § 195.118(a).
Welding Fittings’’.
(2) ASME B31.4–2002 (October 2002) ‘‘Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liq- § 195.452(h)(4)(i).
uid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids’’.
(3) ASME B31G–1991 (Reaffirmed; 2004) ‘‘Manual for Determining the Remain- §§ 195.452(h)(4)(i)(B);
ing Strength of Corroded Pipelines’’. 195.452(h)(4)(iii)(D).
(4) ASME B31.8–2003 (February 2004) ‘‘Gas Transmission and Distribution Pip- §§ 195.5(a)(1)(i); 195.406(a)(1)(i).
ing Systems’’.
(5) ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1 ‘‘Rules for §§ 195.124; 195.307(e).
Construction of Pressure Vessels,’’ (2004 edition, including addenda through
July 1, 2005).
(6) ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 2 ‘‘Rules for § 195.307(e).
Construction for Pressure Vessels—Alternative Rules,’’ (2004 edition, includ-
ing addenda through July 1, 2005).
(7) ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX ‘‘Welding and Brazing § 195.222.
Qualifications,’’ (2004 edition, including addenda through July 1, 2005).
D. Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc.
(MSS):
(1) MSS SP–75–2004 ‘‘Specification for High Test Wrought Butt Welding Fit- § 195.118(a).
tings’’.
(2) [Reserved] .........................................................................................................
E. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):
(1) ASTM A53/A53M–04a (2004) ‘‘Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black § 195.106(e).
and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated Welded and Seamless’’.
(2) ASTM A106/A106M–04b (2004) ‘‘Standard Specification for Seamless Car- § 195.106(e).
bon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service’’.
(3) ASTM A333/A333M–05 ‘‘Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded § 195.106(e).
Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature Service’’.
(4) ASTM A381–96 (Reapproved 2001) ‘‘Standard Specification for Metal-Arc- § 195.106(e).
Welded Steel Pipe for Use With High-Pressure Transmission Systems’’.
(5) ASTM A671–04 (2004) ‘‘Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded § 195.106(e).
Steel Pipe for Atmospheric and Lower Temperatures’’.
(6) ASTM A672–96 (Reapproved 2001) ‘‘Standard Specification for Electric-Fu- § 195.106(e).
sion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Service at Moderate Tempera-
tures.’’.
(7) ASTM A691–98 (Reapproved 2002) ‘‘Standard Specification for Carbon and § 195.106(e).
Alloy Steel Pipe Electric-Fusion-Welded for High-Pressure Service at High
Temperatures.’’.
F. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA):
(1) NFPA 30 (2003) ‘‘Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code’’ ....................... § 195.264(b)(1).
(2) [Reserved].
G. NACE International (NACE):
(1) NACE Standard RP0169–2002 ‘‘Control of External Corrosion on Under- §§ 195.571; 195.573.
ground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems’’.
(2) NACE Standard RP0502–2002 ‘‘Pipeline External Corrosion Direct Assess- § 195.588.
ment Methodology’’.
178
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47 (2) The pipeline right-of-way, all
FR 32721, July 29, 1982, as amended by Amdt. aboveground segments of the pipeline,
195–32, 49 FR 36860, Sept. 20, 1984; 58 FR 14523, and appropriately selected under-
Mar. 18, 1993; Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33396, June
ground segments must be visually in-
28, 1994; Amdt. 195–56, 61 FR 26123, May 24,
1996; 61 FR 36826, July 15, 1996; Amdt. 195–61, spected for physical defects and oper-
63 FR 7723, Feb. 17, 1998; Amdt. 195–62, 63 FR ating conditions which reasonably
36376, July 6, 1998; Amdt. 195–66, 64 FR 15934, could be expected to impair the
Apr. 2, 1999; 65 FR 4770, Feb. 1, 2000; Amdt. strength or tightness of the pipeline.
195–73, 66 FR 67004, Dec. 27, 2001; 69 FR 18803, (3) All known unsafe defects and con-
Apr. 9, 2004; Amdt. 195–81, 69 FR 32896, June ditions must be corrected in accord-
14, 2004; 70 FR 11140, Mar. 8, 2005; Amdt. 195–
ance with this part.
84, 70 FR 28842, May 19, 2005; Amdt. 195–85, 70
FR 61576, Oct. 25, 2005; Amdt. 195–86, 71 FR (4) The pipeline must be tested in ac-
33409, June 9, 2006; 73 FR 16570, Mar. 28, 2008; cordance with subpart E of this part to
74 FR 2894, Jan. 16, 2009; 74 FR 17101, Apr. 14, substantiate the maximum operating
2009] pressure permitted by § 195.406.
(b) A pipeline that qualifies for use
§ 195.4 Compatibility necessary for under this section need not comply
transportation of hazardous liquids with the corrosion control require-
or carbon dioxide.
ments of subpart H of this part until 12
No person may transport any haz- months after it is placed into service,
ardous liquid or carbon dioxide unless notwithstanding any previous dead-
the hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide lines for compliance.
is chemically compatible with both the (c) Each operator must keep for the
pipeline, including all components, and life of the pipeline a record of the in-
any other commodity that it may come vestigations, tests, repairs, replace-
into contact with while in the pipeline. ments, and alterations made under the
[Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR 26925, June 12, 1991] requirements of paragraph (a) of this
section.
§ 195.5 Conversion to service subject [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
to this part. amended by Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33396, June
(a) A steel pipeline previously used in 28, 1994; Amdt. 195–173, 66 FR 67004, Dec. 27,
service not subject to this part quali- 2001]
fies for use under this part if the oper-
ator prepares and follows a written § 195.6 Unusually Sensitive Areas
(USAs).
procedure to accomplish the following:
(1) The design, construction, oper- As used in this part, a USA means a
ation, and maintenance history of the drinking water or ecological resource
pipeline must be reviewed and, where area that is unusually sensitive to en-
sufficient historical records are not vironmental damage from a hazardous
available, appropriate tests must be liquid pipeline release.
performed to determine if the pipeline (a) An USA drinking water resource
is in satisfactory condition for safe op- is:
eration. If one or more of the variables (1) The water intake for a Commu-
necessary to verify the design pressure nity Water System (CWS) or a Non-
under § 195.106 or to perform the testing transient Non-community Water Sys-
under paragraph (a)(4) of this section is tem (NTNCWS) that obtains its water
unknown, the design pressure may be supply primarily from a surface water
verified and the maximum operating source and does not have an adequate
pressure determined by— alternative drinking water source;
(i) Testing the pipeline in accordance (2) The Source Water Protection Area
with ASME B31.8, Appendix N, to (SWPA) for a CWS or a NTNCWS that
produce a stress equal to the yield obtains its water supply from a Class I
strength; and or Class IIA aquifer and does not have
(ii) Applying, to not more than 80 an adequate alternative drinking water
percent of the first pressure that pro- source. Where a state has not yet iden-
duces a yielding, the design factor F in tified the SWPA, the Wellhead Protec-
§ 195.106(a) and the appropriate factors tion Area (WHPA) will be used until
in § 195.106(e). the state has identified the SWPA; or
179
§ 195.6 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(3) The sole source aquifer recharge dated, and permeable alluvial, terrace,
area where the sole source aquifer is a outwash, beach, dune and other similar
karst aquifer in nature. deposits. These aquifers generally con-
(b) An USA ecological resource is: tain layers of sand and gravel that,
(1) An area containing a critically commonly, are interbedded to some de-
imperiled species or ecological commu- gree with silt and clay. Not all Class Ia
nity; aquifers are important water-bearing
(2) A multi-species assemblage area; units, but they are likely to be both
(3) A migratory waterbird concentra- permeable and vulnerable. The only
tion area; natural protection of these aquifers is
(4) An area containing an imperiled the thickness of the unsaturated zone
species, threatened or endangered spe- and the presence of fine-grained mate-
cies, depleted marine mammal species, rial;
or an imperiled ecological community (2) Soluble and Fractured Bedrock
where the species or community is Aquifers (Class Ib). Lithologies in this
aquatic, aquatic dependent, or terres- class include limestone, dolomite, and,
trial with a limited range; or locally, evaporitic units that contain
(5) An area containing an imperiled documented karst features or solution
species, threatened or endangered spe- channels, regardless of size. Generally
cies, depleted marine mammal species, these aquifers have a wide range of per-
or imperiled ecological community meability. Also included in this class
where the species or community occur- are sedimentary strata, and meta-
rence is considered to be one of the morphic and igneous (intrusive and ex-
most viable, highest quality, or in the trusive) rocks that are significantly
best condition, as identified by an ele- faulted, fractured, or jointed. In all
ment occurrence ranking (EORANK) of cases groundwater movement is largely
A (excellent quality) or B (good qual- controlled by secondary openings. Well
ity). yields range widely, but the important
(c) As used in this part— feature is the potential for rapid
Adequate Alternative Drinking Water vertical and lateral ground water
Source means a source of water that movement along preferred pathways,
currently exists, can be used almost which result in a high degree of vulner-
immediately with a minimal amount of ability;
effort and cost, involves no decline in (3) Semiconsolidated Aquifers (Class
water quality, and will meet the con- Ic) that generally contain poorly to
sumptive, hygiene, and fire fighting re- moderately indurated sand and gravel
quirements of the existing population that is interbedded with clay and silt.
of impacted customers for at least one This group is intermediate to the un-
month for a surface water source of consolidated and consolidated end
water and at least six months for a members. These systems are common
groundwater source. in the Tertiary age rocks that are ex-
Aquatic or Aquatic Dependent Species posed throughout the Gulf and Atlantic
or Community means a species or com- coastal states. Semiconsolidated condi-
munity that primarily occurs in aquat- tions also arise from the presence of
ic, marine, or wetland habitats, as well intercalated clay and caliche within
as species that may use terrestrial primarily unconsolidated to poorly
habitats during all or some portion of consolidated units, such as occurs in
their life cycle, but that are still close- parts of the High Plains Aquifer; or
ly associated with or dependent upon (4) Covered Aquifers (Class Id) that
aquatic, marine, or wetland habitats are any Class I aquifer overlain by less
for some critical component or portion than 50 feet of low permeability, un-
of their life-history (i.e., reproduction, consolidated material, such as glacial
rearing and development, feeding, etc). till, lacustrian, and loess deposits.
Class I Aquifer means an aquifer that Class IIa aquifer means a Higher Yield
is surficial or shallow, permeable, and Bedrock Aquifer that is consolidated
is highly vulnerable to contamination. and is moderately vulnerable to con-
Class I aquifers include: tamination. These aquifers generally

(1) Unconsolidated Aquifers (Class Ia) consist of fairly permeable sandstone
that consist of surficial, unconsoli- or conglomerate that contain lesser
180
amounts of interbedded fine grained Heritage Programs. An EORANK of A

clastics (shale, siltstone, mudstone) means an excellent quality and an
and occasionally carbonate units. In EORANK of B means good quality.
general, well yields must exceed 50 gal- Imperiled species or ecological commu-
lons per minute to be included in this nity (habitat) means a rare species or
class. Local fracturing may contribute ecological community, based on The
to the dominant primary porosity and Nature Conservancy’s Global Conserva-
permeability of these systems. tion Status Rank. There are generally
Community Water System (CWS) means 6 to 20 occurrences, or few remaining
a public water system that serves at individuals (1,000 to 3,000) or acres
least 15 service connections used by (2,000 to 10,000). These species and eco-
year-round residents of the area or reg- logical communities are vulnerable to
ularly serves at least 25 year-round extinction due to some natural or man-
residents. made factor.
Critically imperiled species or ecological Karst aquifer means an aquifer that is
community (habitat) means an animal or composed of limestone or dolomite
plant species or an ecological commu- where the porosity is derived from con-
nity of extreme rarity, based on The nected solution cavities. Karst aquifers
Nature Conservancy’s Global Conserva- are often cavernous with high rates of
tion Status Rank. There are generally flow.
5 or fewer occurrences, or very few re- Migratory waterbird concentration area
maining individuals (less than 1,000) or means a designated Ramsar site or a
acres (less than 2,000). These species Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve
and ecological communities are ex- Network site.
tremely vulnerable to extinction due to Multi-species assemblage area means
some natural or man-made factor. an area where three or more different
Depleted marine mammal species means critically imperiled or imperiled spe-
a species that has been identified and is cies or ecological communities, threat-
protected under the Marine Mammal ened or endangered species, depleted
Protection Act of 1972, as amended marine mammals, or migratory
(MMPA) (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.). The waterbird concentrations co-occur.
term ‘‘depleted’’ refers to marine mam- Non-transient Non-community Water
mal species that are listed as threat- System (NTNCWS) means a public water
ened or endangered, or are below their system that regularly serves at least 25
optimum sustainable populations (16 of the same persons over six months
U.S.C. 1362). The term ‘‘marine mam- per year. Examples of these systems in-
mal’’ means ‘‘any mammal which is clude schools, factories, and hospitals
morphologically adapted to the marine that have their own water supplies.
environment (including sea otters and Public Water System (PWS) means a
members of the orders Sirenia, system that provides the public water
Pinnipedia, and Cetacea), or primarily for human consumption through pipes
inhabits the marine environment (such or other constructed conveyances, if
as the polar bear)’’ (16 U.S.C. 1362). The such system has at least 15 service con-
order Sirenia includes manatees, the nections or regularly serves an average
order Pinnipedia includes seals, sea of at least 25 individuals daily at least
lions, and walruses, and the order Ceta- 60 days out of the year. These systems
cea includes dolphins, porpoises, and include the sources of the water sup-
whales. plies—i.e., surface or ground. PWS can
Ecological community means an inter- be community, non-transient non-com-
acting assemblage of plants and ani- munity, or transient non-community
mals that recur under similar environ- systems.
mental conditions across the land- Ramsar site means a site that has
scape. been designated under The Convention
Element occurrence rank (EORANK) on Wetlands of International Impor-
means the condition or viability of a tance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat
species or ecological community occur- program. Ramsar sites are globally
rence, based on a population’s size, critical wetland areas that support mi-
condition, and landscape context. gratory waterfowl. These include wet-
EORANKs are assigned by the Natural land areas that regularly support 20,000
181
§ 195.8 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
waterfowl; wetland areas that regu- gered species within the foreseeable fu-
larly support substantial numbers of ture throughout all or a significant
individuals from particular groups of portion of its range’’ (16 U.S.C. 1532).
waterfowl, indicative of wetland val- Transient Non-community Water System
ues, productivity, or diversity; and (TNCWS) means a public water system
wetland areas that regularly support that does not regularly serve at least
1% of the individuals in a population of 25 of the same persons over six months
one species or subspecies of waterfowl. per year. This type of water system
Sole source aquifer (SSA) means an serves a transient population found at
area designated by the U.S. Environ- rest stops, campgrounds, restaurants,
mental Protection Agency under the and parks with their own source of
Sole Source Aquifer program as the water.
‘‘sole or principal’’ source of drinking Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA)
water for an area. Such designations means the surface and subsurface area
are made if the aquifer’s ground water surrounding a well or well field that
supplies 50% or more of the drinking supplies a public water system through
water for an area, and if that aquifer which contaminants are likely to pass
were to become contaminated, it would and eventually reach the water well or
pose a public health hazard. A sole well field.
source aquifer that is karst in nature is Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve
one composed of limestone where the
Network (WHSRN) site means an area
porosity is derived from connected so-
that contains migratory shorebird con-
lution cavities. They are often cav-
centrations and has been designated as
ernous, with high rates of flow.
a hemispheric reserve, international
Source Water Protection Area (SWPA)
reserve, regional reserve, or endan-
means the area delineated by the state
gered species reserve. Hemispheric re-
for a public water supply system (PWS)
serves host at least 500,000 shorebirds
or including numerous PWSs, whether
annually or 30% of a species flyway
the source is ground water or surface
population. International reserves host
water or both, as part of the state
100,000 shorebirds annually or 15% of a
source water assessment program
species flyway population. Regional re-
(SWAP) approved by EPA under sec-
serves host 20,000 shorebirds annually
tion 1453 of the Safe Drinking Water
or 5% of a species flyway population.
Act.
Endangered species reserves are crit-
Species means species, subspecies,
ical to the survival of endangered spe-
population stocks, or distinct
cies and no minimum number of birds
vertebrate populations.
is required.
Terrestrial ecological community with a
limited range means a non-aquatic or [Amdt. 195–71, 65 FR 80544, Dec. 21, 2000]
non-aquatic dependent ecological com-
munity that covers less than five (5) § 195.8 Transportation of hazardous
acres. liquid or carbon dioxide in pipe-
Terrestrial species with a limited range lines constructed with other than
means a non-aquatic or non-aquatic de- steel pipe.
pendent animal or plant species that No person may transport any haz-
has a range of no more than five (5) ardous liquid or carbon dioxide through
acres. a pipe that is constructed after October
Threatened and endangered species 1, 1970, for hazardous liquids or after
(T&E) means an animal or plant spe- July 12, 1991 for carbon dioxide of ma-
cies that has been listed and is pro- terial other than steel unless the per-
tected under the Endangered Species son has notified the Administrator in
Act of 1973, as amended (ESA73) (16 writing at least 90 days before the
U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). ‘‘Endangered spe- transportation is to begin. The notice
cies’’ is defined as ‘‘any species which must state whether carbon dioxide or a
is in danger of extinction throughout hazardous liquid is to be transported
all or a significant portion of its and the chemical name, common name,
range’’ (16 U.S.C. 1532). ‘‘Threatened properties and characteristics of the

species’’ is defined as ‘‘any species hazardous liquid to be transported and
which is likely to become an endan- the material used in construction of
182
the pipeline. If the Administrator de- § 195.11 What is a regulated rural

termines that the transportation of the gathering line and what require-
hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide in ments apply?
the manner proposed would be unduly Each operator of a regulated rural
hazardous, he will, within 90 days after gathering line, as defined in paragraph
receipt of the notice, order the person (a) of this section, must comply with
that gave the notice, in writing, not to the safety requirements described in
transport the hazardous liquid or car- paragraph (b) of this section.
bon dioxide in the proposed manner (a) Definition. As used in this section,
until further notice. a regulated rural gathering line means
an onshore gathering line in a rural
[Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR 26925, June 12, 1991, as
area that meets all of the following cri-
amended by Amdt. 195–50, 59 FR 17281, Apr.
teria—
12, 1994]
(1) Has a nominal diameter from 65⁄8
§ 195.9 Outer continental shelf pipe- inches (168 mm) to 85⁄8 inches (219.1
lines. mm);
(2) Is located in or within one-quarter
Operators of transportation pipelines
mile (.40 km) of an unusually sensitive
on the Outer Continental Shelf must area as defined in § 195.6; and
identify on all their respective pipe- (3) Operates at a maximum pressure
lines the specific points at which oper- established under § 195.406 cor-
ating responsibility transfers to a pro- responding to—
ducing operator. For those instances in (i) A stress level greater than 20-per-
which the transfer points are not iden- cent of the specified minimum yield
tifiable by a durable marking, each op- strength of the line pipe; or
erator will have until September 15, (ii) If the stress level is unknown or
1998 to identify the transfer points. If it the pipeline is not constructed with
is not practicable to durably mark a steel pipe, a pressure of more than 125
transfer point and the transfer point is psi (861 kPa) gage.
located above water, the operator must (b) Safety requirements. Each operator
depict the transfer point on a sche- must prepare, follow, and maintain
matic maintained near the transfer written procedures to carry out the re-
point. If a transfer point is located quirements of this section. Except for
subsea, the operator must identify the the requirements in paragraphs (b)(2),
transfer point on a schematic which (b)(3), (b)(9) and (b)(10) of this section,
must be maintained at the nearest up- the safety requirements apply to all
stream facility and provided to PHMSA materials of construction.
upon request. For those cases in which (1) Identify all segments of pipeline
adjoining operators have not agreed on meeting the criteria in paragraph (a) of
a transfer point by September 15, 1998 this section before April 3, 2009.
the Regional Director and the MMS (2) For steel pipelines constructed,
Regional Supervisor will make a joint replaced, relocated, or otherwise
determination of the transfer point. changed after July 3, 2009, design, in-
stall, construct, initially inspect, and
[Amdt. 195–59, 62 FR 61695, Nov. 19, 1997, as initially test the pipeline in compli-
amended at 70 11140, Mar. 8, 2005] ance with this part, unless the pipeline
is converted under § 195.5.
§ 195.10 Responsibility of operator for (3) For non-steel pipelines con-
compliance with this part.
structed after July 3, 2009, notify the
An operator may make arrangements Administrator according to § 195.8.
with another person for the perform- (4) Beginning no later than January
ance of any action required by this 3, 2009, comply with the reporting re-
part. However, the operator is not quirements in subpart B of this part.
thereby relieved from the responsi- (5) Establish the maximum operating
bility for compliance with any require- pressure of the pipeline according to
ment of this part. § 195.406 before transportation begins,

or if the pipeline exists on July 3, 2008,
before July 3, 2009.
183
§ 195.12 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(6) Install line markers according to ply with the deadlines in paragraph
§ 195.410 before transportation begins, (b)(9) and (b)(10).
or if the pipeline exists on July 3, 2008, (d) Record Retention. An operator
before July 3, 2009. Continue to main- must maintain records demonstrating
tain line markers in compliance with compliance with each requirement ac-
§ 195.410. cording to the following schedule.
(7) Establish a continuing public edu- (1) An operator must maintain the
cation program in compliance with segment identification records required
§ 195.440 before transportation begins, in paragraph (b)(1) of this section and
or if the pipeline exists on July 3, 2008, the records required to comply with
before January 3, 2010. Continue to (b)(10) of this section, for the life of the
carry out such program in compliance pipe.
with § 195.440. (2) An operator must maintain the
(8) Establish a damage prevention records necessary to demonstrate com-
program in compliance with § 195.442 pliance with each requirement in para-
before transportation begins, or if the graphs (b)(2) through (b)(9), and (b)(11)
pipeline exists on July 3, 2008, before of this section according to the record
July 3, 2009. Continue to carry out such retention requirements of the ref-
program in compliance with § 195.442.
erenced section or subpart.
(9) For steel pipelines, comply with
subpart H of this part, except corrosion [73 FR 31644, June 3, 2008]
control is not required for pipelines ex-
isting on July 3, 2008 before July 3, § 195.12 What requirements apply to
2011. low-stress pipelines in rural areas?
(10) For steel pipelines, establish and (a) General. This section does not
follow a comprehensive and effective apply to a rural low-stress pipeline reg-
program to continuously identify oper- ulated under this part as a low-stress
ating conditions that could contribute pipeline that crosses a waterway cur-
to internal corrosion. The program rently used for commercial navigation.
must include measures to prevent and An operator of a rural low-stress pipe-
mitigate internal corrosion, such as line meeting the following criteria
cleaning the pipeline and using inhibi- must comply with the safety require-
tors. This program must be established ments described in paragraph (b) of
before transportation begins or if the this section. The pipeline:
pipeline exists on July 3, 2008, before (1) Has a nominal diameter of 85⁄8
July 3, 2009. inches (219.1 mm) or more;
(11) To comply with the Operator (2) Is located in or within a half mile
Qualification program requirements in (.80 km) of an unusually sensitive area
subpart G of this part, have a written (USA) as defined in § 195.6; and
description of the processes used to (3) Operates at a maximum pressure
carry out the requirements in § 195.505 established under § 195.406 cor-
to determine the qualification of per- responding to:
sons performing operations and main-
(i) A stress level equal to or less than
tenance tasks. These processes must be
20-percent of the specified minimum
established before transportation be-
yield strength of the line pipe; or
gins or if the pipeline exists on July 3,
2008, before July 3, 2009. (ii) If the stress level is unknown or
(c) New unusually sensitive areas. If, the pipeline is not constructed with
after July 3, 2008, a new unusually sen- steel pipe, a pressure equal to or less
sitive area is identified and a segment than 125 psi (861 kPa) gage.
of pipeline becomes regulated as a re- (b) Requirements. An operator of a
sult, except for the requirements of pipeline meeting the criteria in para-
paragraphs (b)(9) and (b)(10) of this sec- graph (a) of this section must comply
tion, the operator must implement the with the following safety requirements
requirements in paragraphs (b)(2) and compliance deadlines.
through (b)(11) of this section for the (1) Identify all segments of pipeline
affected segment within 6 months of meeting the criteria in paragraph (a) of
identification. For steel pipelines, com- this section before April 3, 2009.
184
(2) Beginning no later than January until it has completed an analysis of

3, 2009, comply with the reporting re- the notification. PHMSA will consult
quirements of subpart B for the identi- the Department of Energy (DOE), as
fied segments. appropriate, to help analyze the poten-
(3)(i) Establish a written program in tial energy impact of loss of the pipe-
compliance with § 195.452 before July 3, line. Based on the analysis, PHMSA
2009, to assure the integrity of the low- may grant the operator a special per-
stress pipeline segments. Continue to mit to allow continued operation of the
carry out such program in compliance pipeline subject to alternative safety
with § 195.452. requirements.
(ii) To carry out the integrity man-
(d) New unusually sensitive areas. If,
agement requirements in § 195.452, an
after July 3, 2008, an operator identifies
operator may conduct a determination
per § 195.452(a) in lieu of the half mile a new unusually sensitive area and a
buffer. segment of pipeline meets the criteria
(iii) Complete the baseline assess- in paragraph (a) of this section, the op-
ment of all segments in accordance erator must take the following actions:
with § 195.452(c) before July 3, 2015, and (1) Except for paragraph (b)(2) of this
complete at least 50-percent of the as- section and the requirements of sub-
sessments, beginning with the highest part H, comply with all other safety re-
risk pipe, before January 3, 2012. quirements of this part before July 3,
(4) Comply with all other safety re- 2009. Comply with subpart H before
quirements of this part, except subpart July 3, 2011.
H, before July 3, 2009. Comply with sub- (2) Establish the program required in
part H before July 3, 2011. paragraph (b)(2)(i) within 12 months
(c) Economic compliance burden. (1) An following the date the area is identi-
operator may notify PHMSA in accord- fied. Continue to carry out such pro-
ance with § 195.452(m) of a situation gram in compliance with § 195.452; and
meeting the following criteria: (3) Complete the baseline assessment
(i) The pipeline meets the criteria in required by paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this
paragraph (a) of this section;
section according to the schedule in
(ii) The pipeline carries crude oil
§ 195.452(d)(3).
from a production facility;
(iii) The pipeline, when in operation, (d) Record Retention. An operator
operates at a flow rate less than or must maintain records demonstrating
equal to 14,000 barrels per day; and compliance with each requirement ac-
(iv) The operator determines it would cording to the following schedule.
abandon or shut-down the pipeline as a (1) An operator must maintain the
result of the economic burden to com- segment identification records required
ply with the assessment requirements in paragraph (b)(1) of this section for
in §§ 195.452(d) or 195.452(j). the life of the pipe.
(2) A notification submitted under (2) An operator must maintain the
this provision must include, at min- records necessary to demonstrate com-
imum, the following information about pliance with each requirement in para-
the pipeline: Its operating, mainte- graphs (b)(2) through (b)(4) of this sec-
nance and leak history; the estimated tion according to the record retention
cost to comply with the integrity as- requirements of the referenced section
sessment requirements (with a brief de- or subpart.
scription of the basis for the estimate);
the estimated amount of production [73 FR 31644, June 3, 2008]
from affected wells per year, whether
wells will be shut in or alternate trans- Subpart B—Annual, Accident, and
portation used, and if alternate trans- Safety-Related Condition Re-
portation will be used, the estimated
cost to do so.
porting
(3) When an operator notifies PHMSA § 195.48 Scope.
in accordance with paragraph (c)(1) of

this section, PHMSA will stay compli- This subpart prescribes requirements
ant with §§ 195.452(d) and 195.452(j)(3) for periodic reporting and for reporting
185
§ 195.49 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
of accidents and safety-related condi- the property of the operator or others,

tions. This subpart applies to all pipe- or both, exceeding $50,000.
lines subject to this part and, begin-
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
ning January 5, 2009, applies to all
amended by Amdt. 195–39, 53 FR 24950, July 1,
rural low-stress hazardous liquid pipe- 1988; Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR 26925, June 12, 1991;
lines. An operator of a rural low-stress Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33396, June 28, 1994;
pipeline not otherwise subject to this Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July 13, 1998;
part is not required to complete Parts Amdt. 195–75, 67 FR 836, Jan. 8, 2002]
J and K of the hazardous liquid annual
report form (PHMSA F 7000–1.1) re- § 195.52 Telephonic notice of certain
quired by § 195.49 or to provide the esti- accidents.
mate of total miles that could affect
(a) At the earliest practicable mo-
high consequence areas in Part B of
ment following discovery of a release
that form.
of the hazardous liquid or carbon diox-
[73 FR 31646, June 3, 2008] ide transported resulting in an event
described in § 195.50, the operator of the
§ 195.49 Annual report.
system shall give notice, in accordance
Beginning no later than June 15, 2005, with paragraph (b) of this section, of
each operator must annually complete any failure that:
and submit DOT form RSPA F 7000–1.1 (1) Caused a death or a personal in-
for each type of hazardous liquid pipe- jury requiring hospitalization;
line facility operated at the end of the
(2) Resulted in either a fire or explo-
previous year. A separate report is re-
sion not intentionally set by the oper-
quired for crude oil, HVL (including an-
hydrous ammonia), petroleum prod- ator;
ucts, and carbon dioxide pipelines. Op- (3) Caused estimated property dam-
erators are encouraged, but not re- age, including cost of cleanup and re-
quired, to file an annual report by June covery, value of lost product, and dam-
15, 2004, for calendar year 2003. age to the property of the operator or
others, or both, exceeding $50,000;
[Amdt. 195–80, 69 FR 541, Jan. 6, 2004]
(4) Resulted in pollution of any
§ 195.50 Reporting accidents. stream, river, lake, reservoir, or other
similar body of water that violated ap-
An accident report is required for
plicable water quality standards,
each failure in a pipeline system sub-
ject to this part in which there is a re- caused a discoloration of the surface of
lease of the hazardous liquid or carbon the water or adjoining shoreline, or de-
dioxide transported resulting in any of posited a sludge or emulsion beneath
the following: the surface of the water or upon adjoin-
(a) Explosion or fire not inten- ing shorelines; or
tionally set by the operator. (5) In the judgment of the operator
(b) Release of 5 gallons (19 liters) or was significant even though it did not
more of hazardous liquid or carbon di- meet the criteria of any other para-
oxide, except that no report is required graph of this section.
for a release of less than 5 barrels (0.8 (b) Reports made under paragraph (a)
cubic meters) resulting from a pipeline of this section are made by telephone
maintenance activity if the release is: to 800–424–8802 (in Washington, DC,
(1) Not otherwise reportable under 20590–0001 (202) 372–2428) and must in-
this section; clude the following information:
(2) Not one described in § 195.52(a)(4); (1) Name and address of the operator.
(3) Confined to company property or
(2) Name and telephone number of
pipeline right-of-way; and
the reporter.
(4) Cleaned up promptly;
(c) Death of any person; (3) The location of the failure.
(d) Personal injury necessitating hos- (4) The time of the failure.
pitalization; (5) The fatalities and personal inju-
(e) Estimated property damage, in- ries, if any.

cluding cost of clean-up and recovery, (6) All other significant facts known
value of lost product, and damage to by the operator that are relevant to
186
the cause of the failure or extent of the pressure or shutdown of operation of a

damages. pipeline.
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as (b) A report is not required for any
amended by Amdt. 195–23, 47 FR 32720, July safety-related condition that—
29, 1982; Amdt. 195–44, 54 FR 40878, Oct. 4, (1) Exists on a pipeline that is more
1989; Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR 26925, June 12, 1991; than 220 yards (200 meters) from any
Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33396, June 28, 1994; 74 FR building intended for human occupancy
2894, Jan. 16, 2009] or outdoor place of assembly, except
that reports are required for conditions
§ 195.54 Accident reports.
within the right-of-way of an active
(a) Each operator that experiences an railroad, paved road, street, or high-
accident that is required to be reported way, or that occur offshore or at on-
under § 195.50 shall as soon as prac- shore locations where a loss of haz-
ticable, but not later than 30 days after ardous liquid could reasonably be ex-
discovery of the accident, prepare and pected to pollute any stream, river,
file an accident report on DOT Form lake, reservoir, or other body of water;
7000–1, or a facsimile. (2) Is an accident that is required to
(b) Whenever an operator receives be reported under § 195.50 or results in
any changes in the information re- such an accident before the deadline
ported or additions to the original re- for filing the safety-related condition
port on DOT Form 7000–1, it shall file a
report; or
supplemental report within 30 days.
(3) Is corrected by repair or replace-
[Amdt. 195–39, 53 FR 24950, July 1, 1988] ment in accordance with applicable
safety standards before the deadline for
§ 195.55 Reporting safety-related con- filing the safety-related condition re-
ditions. port, except that reports are required
(a) Except as provided in paragraph for all conditions under paragraph
(b) of this section, each operator shall (a)(1) of this section other than local-
report in accordance with § 195.56 the ized corrosion pitting on an effectively
existence of any of the following safe- coated and cathodically protected pipe-
ty-related conditions involving pipeline.
lines in service:
(1) General corrosion that has re- [Amdt. 195–39, 53 FR 24950, July 1, 1988; 53 FR
29800, Aug. 8, 1988, as amended by Amdt. 195–
duced the wall thickness to less than
63, 63 FR 37506, July 13, 1998]
that required for the maximum oper-
ating pressure, and localized corrosion § 195.56 Filing safety-related condition
pitting to a degree where leakage reports.
might result.
(2) Unintended movement or abnor- (a) Each report of a safety-related
mal loading of a pipeline by environ- condition under § 195.55(a) must be filed
mental causes, such as an earthquake, (received by the Administrator) in
landslide, or flood, that impairs its writing within 5 working days (not in-
serviceability. cluding Saturdays, Sundays, or Federal
(3) Any material defect or physical holidays) after the day a representative
damage that impairs the serviceability of the operator first determines that
of a pipeline. the condition exists, but not later than
(4) Any malfunction or operating 10 working days after the day a rep-
error that causes the pressure of a resentative of the operator discovers
pipeline to rise above 110 percent of its the condition. Separate conditions may
maximum operating pressure. be described in a single report if they
(5) A leak in a pipeline that con- are closely related. To file a report by
stitutes an emergency. facsimile (fax), dial (202) 366–7128.
(6) Any safety-related condition that (b) The report must be headed ‘‘Safe-
could lead to an imminent hazard and ty-Related Condition Report’’ and pro-
causes (either directly or indirectly by vide the following information:
remedial action of the operator), for (1) Name and principal address of op-
purposes other than abandonment, a 20 erator.
percent or more reduction in operating (2) Date of report.
187
§ 195.57 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(3) Name, job title, and business tele- a hazard to navigation, and the loca-
phone number of person submitting the tion; including, if available, the loca-
report. tion according to the Minerals Manage-
(4) Name, job title, and business tele- ment Service or state offshore area and
phone number of person who deter- block number tract.
mined that the condition exists. (b) The report shall be mailed to the
(5) Date condition was discovered and Office of Pipeline Safety, Pipeline and
date condition was first determined to Hazardous Materials Safety Adminis-
exist. tration, Department of Transportation,
(6) Location of condition, with ref- Information Resources Manager, PHP–
erence to the State (and town, city, or 10, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Wash-
county) or offshore site, and as appro- ington, DC 20590.
priate nearest street address, offshore
platform, survey station number, mile- [Amdt. 195–47, 56 FR 63771, Dec. 5, 1991, as
amended by Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July
post, landmark, or name of pipeline. 13, 1998; 70 FR 11140, Mar. 8, 2005; 73 FR 16570,
(7) Description of the condition, in- Mar. 28, 2008; 74 FR 2894, Jan. 16, 2009]
cluding circumstances leading to its
discovery, any significant effects of the § 195.58 Address for written reports.
condition on safety, and the name of
the commodity transported or stored. Each written report required by this
(8) The corrective action taken (in- subpart must be made to the Office of
cluding reduction of pressure or shut- Pipeline Safety, Pipeline and Haz-
down) before the report is submitted ardous Materials Safety Administra-
and the planned follow-up or future tion, U.S. Department of Transpor-
corrective action, including the antici- tation, Information Resources Man-
pated schedule for starting and con- ager, PHP–10, 1200 New Jersey Avenue,
cluding such action. SE., Washington, DC 20590-0001. How-
ever, accident reports for intrastate
[Amdt. 195–39, 53 FR 24950, July 1, 1988; 53 FR pipelines subject to the jurisdiction of
29800, Aug. 8, 1988, as amended by Amdt. 195– a State agency pursuant to a certifi-
42, 54 FR 32344, Aug. 7, 1989; Amdt. 195–44, 54 cation under the pipeline safety laws
FR 40878, Oct. 4, 1989; Amdt. 195–50, 59 FR
(49 U.S.C. 60101 et seq.) may be sub-
17281, Apr. 12, 1994; Amdt. 195–61, 63 FR 7723,
Feb. 17, 1998] mitted in duplicate to that State agen-
cy if the regulations of that agency re-
§ 195.57 Filing offshore pipeline condi- quire submission of these reports and
tion reports. provide for further transmittal of one
(a) Each operator shall, within 60 copy within 10 days of receipt to the
days after completion of the inspection Information Resources Manager. Safe-
of all its underwater pipelines subject ty-related condition reports required
to § 195.413(a), report the following in- by § 195.55 for intrastate pipelines must
formation: be submitted concurrently to the State
(1) Name and principal address of op- agency, and if that agency acts as an
erator. agent of the Secretary with respect to
(2) Date of report. interstate pipelines, safety-related con-
(3) Name, job title, and business tele- dition reports for these pipelines must
phone number of person submitting the be submitted concurrently to that
report. agency.
(4) Total number of miles (kilo- [Amdt. 195–55, 61 FR 18518, Apr. 26, 1996, as
meters) of pipeline inspected. amended by Amdt. 195–81, 69 FR 32897, June
(5) Length and date of installation of 14, 2004; 70 FR 11140, Mar. 8, 2005; 74 FR 2894,
each exposed pipeline segment, and lo- Jan. 16, 2009]
cation; including, if available, the loca-
tion according to the Minerals Manage- § 195.59 Abandonment or deactivation
ment Service or state offshore area and of facilities.
block number tract. For each abandoned offshore pipeline
(6) Length and date of installation of facility or each abandoned onshore
each pipeline segment, if different from pipeline facility that crosses over,
a pipeline segment identified under under or through a commercially navi-
paragraph (a)(5) of this section, that is gable waterway, the last operator of
188
that facility must file a report upon involved shall make available to the
abandonment of that facility. representative of the Department all
(a) The preferred method to submit records and information that in any
data on pipeline facilities abandoned way pertain to the accident, and shall
after October 10, 2000 is to the National afford all reasonable assistance in the
Pipeline Mapping System (NPMS) in investigation of the accident.
accordance with the NPMS ‘‘Standards
for Pipeline and Liquefied Natural Gas § 195.62 Supplies of accident report
Operator Submissions.’’ To obtain a DOT Form 7000–1.
copy of the NPMS Standards, please Each operator shall maintain an ade-
refer to the NPMS homepage at http:// quate supply of forms that are a fac-
www.npms.phmsa.dot.gov or contact the simile of DOT Form 7000–1 to enable it
NPMS National Repository at 703–317– to promptly report accidents. The De-
3073. A digital data format is preferred, partment will, upon request, furnish
but hard copy submissions are accept- specimen copies of the form. Requests
able if they comply with the NPMS should be addressed to the Office of
Standards. In addition to the NPMS-re- Pipeline Safety, Pipeline and Haz-
quired attributes, operators must sub- ardous Materials Safety Administra-
mit the date of abandonment, diame- tion, U.S. Department of Transpor-
ter, method of abandonment, and cer- tation, Information Resources Man-
tification that, to the best of the oper- ager, PHP–10, 1200 New Jersey Avenue,
ator’s knowledge, all of the reasonably SE., Washington, DC 20590–0001.
available information requested was
provided and, to the best of the opera- [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
tor’s knowledge, the abandonment was amended at 47 FR 32720, July 29, 1982; 74 FR
completed in accordance with applica- 2894, Jan. 16, 2009]
ble laws. Refer to the NPMS Standards
for details in preparing your data for § 195.63 OMB control number assigned
to information collection.
submission. The NPMS Standards also
include details of how to submit data. The control number assigned by the
Alternatively, operators may submit Office of Management and Budget to
reports by mail, fax or e-mail to the Of- the hazardous liquid pipeline informa-
fice of Pipeline Safety, Pipeline and tion collection requirements of this
Hazardous Materials Safety Adminis- part pursuant to the Paperwork Reduc-
tration, U.S. Department of Transpor- tion Act of 1980 is 2137–0047.
tation, Information Resources Man- [Amdt. 195–34, 50 FR 34474, Aug. 26, 1985]
ager, PHP–10, 1200 New Jersey Avenue,
SE., Washington, DC 20590-0001; fax
(202) 366–4566; e-mail, Subpart C—Design Requirements
‘‘InformationResourcesManager@phmsa.
§ 195.100 Scope.
dot.gov. The information in the report
must contain all reasonably available This subpart prescribes minimum de-
information related to the facility, in- sign requirements for new pipeline sys-
cluding information in the possession tems constructed with steel pipe and
of a third party. The report must con- for relocating, replacing, or otherwise
tain the location, size, date, method of changing existing systems constructed
abandonment, and a certification that with steel pipe. However, it does not
the facility has been abandoned in ac- apply to the movement of line pipe
cordance with all applicable laws. covered by § 195.424.
(b) [Reserved]
§ 195.101 Qualifying metallic compo-
[Amdt. 195–69, 65 FR 54444, Sept. 8, 2000, as nents other than pipe.
amended at 70 FR 11140, Mar. 8, 2005; Amdt.
195–86, 72 FR 4657, Feb. 1, 2007; 73 FR 16570, Notwithstanding any requirement of
Mar. 28, 2008; 74 FR 2894, Jan. 16, 2009] the subpart which incorporates by ref-
erence an edition of a document listed
§ 195.60 Operator assistance in inves- in § 195.3, a metallic component other
tigation. than pipe manufactured in accordance

If the Department of Transportation with any other edition of that docu-
investigates an accident, the operator ment is qualified for use if—
189
§ 195.102 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(a) It can be shown through visual in- F=A design factor of 0.72, except that a de-
spection of the cleaned component that sign factor of 0.60 is used for pipe, includ-
no defect exists which might impair ing risers, on a platform located offshore
or on a platform in inland navigable wa-
the strength or tightness of the compo-
ters, and 0.54 is used for pipe that has been
nent: and subjected to cold expansion to meet the
(b) The edition of the document specified minimum yield strength and is
under which the component was manu- subsequently heated, other than by weld-
factured has equal or more stringent ing or stress relieving as a part of welding,
requirements for the following as an to a temperature higher than 900 °F (482 °C)
edition of that document currently or for any period of time or over 600 °F (316
previously listed in § 195.3: °C) for more than 1 hour.
(1) Pressure testing; (b) The yield strength to be used in
(2) Materials; and determining the internal design pres-
(3) Pressure and temperature ratings. sure under paragraph (a) of this section
[Amdt. 195–28, 48 FR 30639, July 5, 1983] is the specified minimum yield
strength. If the specified minimum
§ 195.102 Design temperature. yield strength is not known, the yield
(a) Material for components of the strength to be used in the design for-
system must be chosen for the tem- mula is one of the following:
perature environment in which the (1)(i) The yield strength determined
components will be used so that the by performing all of the tensile tests of
pipeline will maintain its structural API Specification 5L on randomly se-
integrity. lected specimens with the following
(b) Components of carbon dioxide number of tests:
pipelines that are subject to low tem- Pipe size No. of tests
peratures during normal operation be-
cause of rapid pressure reduction or Less than 6 ⁄ in (168 mm) nomi-
58 One test for each 200
nal outside diameter. lengths.
during the initial fill of the line must 65⁄8 in through 123⁄4 in (168 mm One test for each 100
be made of materials that are suitable through 324 mm) nominal out- lengths.
for those low temperatures. side diameter.
Larger than 123⁄4 in (324 mm) One test for each 50
[Admt. 195–45, 56 FR 26925, June 12, 1991] nominal outside diameter. lengths.
§ 195.104 Variations in pressure. (ii) If the average yield-tensile ratio

If, within a pipeline system, two or exceeds 0.85, the yield strength shall be
more components are to be connected taken as 24,000 p.s.i. (165,474 kPa). If the
at a place where one will operate at a average yield-tensile ratio is 0.85 or
higher pressure than another, the sys- less, the yield strength of the pipe is
tem must be designed so that any com- taken as the lower of the following:
ponent operating at the lower pressure (A) Eighty percent of the average
will not be overstressed. yield strength determined by the ten-
sile tests.
§ 195.106 Internal design pressure. (B) The lowest yield strength deter-
(a) Internal design pressure for the mined by the tensile tests.
pipe in a pipeline is determined in ac- (2) If the pipe is not tensile tested as
cordance with the following formula: provided in paragraph (b) of this sec-
P=(2St/D)×E×F tion, the yield strength shall be taken
P=Internal design pressure in p.s.i. (kPa)
as 24,000 p.s.i. (165,474 kPa).
gage. (c) If the nominal wall thickness to
S=Yield strength in pounds per square inch be used in determining internal design
(kPa) determined in accordance with para- pressure under paragraph (a) of this
graph (b) of this section. section is not known, it is determined
t=Nominal wall thickness of the pipe in by measuring the thickness of each
inches (millimeters). If this is unknown, it piece of pipe at quarter points on one
is determined in accordance with para- end. However, if the pipe is of uniform
graph (c) of this section.
grade, size, and thickness, only 10 indi-
D=Nominal outside diameter of the pipe in

inches (millimeters). vidual lengths or 5 percent of all
E=Seam joint factor determined in accord- lengths, whichever is greater, need be
ance with paragraph (e) of this section. measured. The thickness of the lengths
190
that are not measured must be verified The seam joint factor for pipe which is
by applying a gage set to the minimum not covered by this paragraph must be
thickness found by the measurement. approved by the Administrator.
The nominal wall thickness to be used [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47
is the next wall thickness found in FR 32721, July 29, 1982, as amended by Amdt.
commercial specifications that is 195–30, 49 FR 7569, Mar. 1, 1984; Amdt 195–37,
below the average of all the measure- 51 FR 15335, Apr. 23, 1986; Amdt 195–40, 54 FR
ments taken. However, the nominal 5628, Feb. 6, 1989; 58 FR 14524, Mar. 18, 1993;
Amdt. 195–50, 59 FR 17281, Apr. 12, 1994; Amdt.
wall thickness may not be more than 195–52, 59 FR 33396, 33397, June 28, 1994; Amdt.
1.14 times the smallest measurement 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July 13, 1998]
taken on pipe that is less than 20
inches (508 mm) nominal outside di- § 195.108 External pressure.
ameter, nor more than 1.11 times the Any external pressure that will be
smallest measurement taken on pipe exerted on the pipe must be provided
that is 20 inches (508 mm) or more in for in designing a pipeline system.
nominal outside diameter.
(d) The minimum wall thickness of § 195.110 External loads.
the pipe may not be less than 87.5 per- (a) Anticipated external loads (e.g.),
cent of the value used for nominal wall earthquakes, vibration, thermal expan-
thickness in determining the internal sion, and contraction must be provided
design pressure under paragraph (a) of for in designing a pipeline system. In
this section. In addition, the antici- providing for expansion and flexibility,
pated external loads and external pres- section 419 of ASME/ANSI B31.4 must
sures that are concurrent with internal be followed.
pressure must be considered in accord- (b) The pipe and other components
ance with §§ 195.108 and 195.110 and, must be supported in such a way that
after determining the internal design the support does not cause excess local-
pressure, the nominal wall thickness ized stresses. In designing attachments
must be increased as necessary to com- to pipe, the added stress to the wall of
pensate for these concurrent loads and the pipe must be computed and com-
pressures. pensated for.
(e) The seam joint factor used in [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
paragraph (a) of this section is deter- amended at 58 FR 14524, Mar. 18, 1993]
mined in accordance with the following
table: § 195.111 Fracture propagation.
Seam A carbon dioxide pipeline system
Specification Pipe class joint must be designed to mitigate the ef-
factor
fects of fracture propagation.
ASTM A53 .... Seamless .......................................... 1.00
[Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR 26926, June 12, 1991]
Electric resistance welded ................ 1.00
Furnace lap welded .......................... 0.80
Furnace butt welded ......................... 0.60 § 195.112 New pipe.
ASTM A106 .. Seamless .......................................... 1.00 Any new pipe installed in a pipeline
ASTM A 333/ Seamless .......................................... 1.00
A 333M.
system must comply with the fol-
Welded .............................................. 1.00 lowing:
ASTM A381 .. Double submerged arc welded ......... 1.00 (a) The pipe must be made of steel of
ASTM A671 .. Electric-fusion-welded ....................... 1.00 the carbon, low alloy-high strength, or
ASTM A672 .. Electric-fusion-welded ....................... 1.00 alloy type that is able to withstand the
ASTM A691 .. Electric-fusion-welded ....................... 1.00 internal pressures and external loads
API 5L ........... Seamless .......................................... 1.00
Electric resistance welded ................ 1.00
and pressures anticipated for the pipe-
Electric flash welded ......................... 1.00 line system.
Submerged arc welded ..................... 1.00 (b) The pipe must be made in accord-
Furnace lap welded .......................... 0.80 ance with a written pipe specification
Furnace butt welded ......................... 0.60 that sets forth the chemical require-
ments for the pipe steel and mechan-

ical tests for the pipe to provide pipe
suitable for the use intended.
191
§ 195.114 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(c) Each length of pipe with a nomi- compatible with the pipe or fittings to
nal outside diameter of 4 1⁄2 in (114.3 which the valve is attached.
mm) or more must be marked on the (c) Each part of the valve that will be
pipe or pipe coating with the specifica- in contact with the carbon dioxide or
tion to which it was made, the speci- hazardous liquid stream must be made
fied minimum yield strength or grade, of materials that are compatible with
and the pipe size. The marking must be carbon dioxide or each hazardous liquid
applied in a manner that does not dam- that it is anticipated will flow through
age the pipe or pipe coating and must the pipeline system.
remain visible until the pipe is in-
(d) Each valve must be both
stalled.
hydrostatically shell tested and
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as hydrostatically seat tested without
amended by Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33396, June leakage to at least the requirements
28, 1994; Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July 13,
set forth in section 10 of API Standard
1998]
6D (incorporated by reference, see
§ 195.114 Used pipe. § 195.3).
(e) Each valve other than a check
Any used pipe installed in a pipeline
system must comply with § 195.112 (a) valve must be equipped with a means
and (b) and the following: for clearly indicating the position of
(a) The pipe must be of a known spec- the valve (open, closed, etc.).
ification and the seam joint factor (f) Each valve must be marked on the
must be determined in accordance with body or the nameplate, with at least
§ 195.106(e). If the specified minimum the following:
yield strength or the wall thickness is (1) Manufacturer’s name or trade-
not known, it is determined in accord- mark.
ance with § 195.106 (b) or (c) as appro- (2) Class designation or the maximum
priate. working pressure to which the valve
(b) There may not be any: may be subjected.
(1) Buckles; (3) Body material designation (the
(2) Cracks, grooves, gouges, dents, or end connection material, if more than
other surface defects that exceed the one type is used).
maximum depth of such a defect per- (4) Nominal valve size.
mitted by the specification to which
the pipe was manufactured; or [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981 as
(3) Corroded areas where the remain- amended by Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR 26926, June
ing wall thickness is less than the min- 12, 1991; Amdt. 195–86, 71 FR 33410, June 9,
imum thickness required by the toler- 2006]
ances in the specification to which the
§ 195.118 Fittings.
pipe was manufactured.
However, pipe that does not meet the (a) Butt-welding type fittings must
requirements of paragraph (b)(3) of this meet the marking, end preparation,
section may be used if the operating and the bursting strength requirements
pressure is reduced to be commensu- of ASME/ANSI B16.9 or MSS Standard
rate with the remaining wall thick- Practice SP–75.
ness. (b) There may not be any buckles,
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47 dents, cracks, gouges, or other defects
FR 32721, July 29, 1982] in the fitting that might reduce the
strength of the fitting.
§ 195.116 Valves. (c) The fitting must be suitable for
Each valve installed in a pipeline the intended service and be at least as
system must comply with the fol- strong as the pipe and other fittings in
lowing: the pipeline system to which it is at-
(a) The valve must be of a sound en- tached.
gineering design.
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47

(b) Materials subject to the internal
FR 32721, July 29, 1982, as amended at 58 FR
pressure of the pipeline system, includ- 14524, Mar. 18, 1993]
ing welded and flanged ends, must be
192
§ 195.120 Passage of internal inspec- § 195.122 Fabricated branch connec-

tion devices. tions.
(a) Except as provided in paragraphs Each pipeline system must be de-
(b) and (c) of this section, each new signed so that the addition of any fab-
pipeline and each line section of a pipe- ricated branch connections will not re-
line where the line pipe, valve, fitting duce the strength of the pipeline sys-
or other line component is replaced; tem.
must be designed and constructed to
accommodate the passage of instru- § 195.124 Closures.
mented internal inspection devices. Each closure to be installed in a pipe-
(b) This section does not apply to: line system must comply with the
(1) Manifolds; ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,
(2) Station piping such as at pump section VIII, Pressure Vessels, Division
stations, meter stations, or pressure 1, and must have pressure and tempera-
reducing stations; ture ratings at least equal to those of
(3) Piping associated with tank farms the pipe to which the closure is at-
and other storage facilities; tached.
(4) Cross-overs; § 195.126 Flange connection.
(5) Sizes of pipe for which an instru-
mented internal inspection device is Each component of a flange connec-
not commercially available; tion must be compatible with each
other component and the connection as
(6) Offshore pipelines, other than
a unit must be suitable for the service
main lines 10 inches (254 millimeters)
in which it is to be used.
or greater in nominal diameter, that
transport liquids to onshore facilities; § 195.128 Station piping.
and
Any pipe to be installed in a station
(7) Other piping that the Adminis-
that is subject to system pressure must
trator under § 190.9 of this chapter,
meet the applicable requirements of
finds in a particular case would be im-
this subpart.
practicable to design and construct to
accommodate the passage of instru- § 195.130 Fabricated assemblies.
mented internal inspection devices.
Each fabricated assembly to be in-
(c) An operator encountering emer-
stalled in a pipeline system must meet
gencies, construction time constraints
the applicable requirements of this
and other unforeseen construction
subpart.
problems need not construct a new or
replacement segment of a pipeline to § 195.132 Design and construction of
meet paragraph (a) of this section, if aboveground breakout tanks.
the operator determines and docu- (a) Each aboveground breakout tank
ments why an impracticability pro- must be designed and constructed to
hibits compliance with paragraph (a) of withstand the internal pressure pro-
this section. Within 30 days after dis- duced by the hazardous liquid to be
covering the emergency or construc- stored therein and any anticipated ex-
tion problem the operator must peti- ternal loads.
tion, under § 190.9 of this chapter, for (b) For aboveground breakout tanks
approval that design and construction first placed in service after October 2,
to accommodate passage of instru- 2000, compliance with paragraph (a) of
mented internal inspection devices this section requires one of the fol-
would be impracticable. If the petition lowing:
is denied, within 1 year after the date (1) Shop-fabricated, vertical, cylin-
of the notice of the denial, the operator drical, closed top, welded steel tanks
must modify that segment to allow with nominal capacities of 90 to 750
passage of instrumented internal in- barrels (14.3 to 119.2 m 3) and with inter-
spection devices. nal vapor space pressures that are ap-
[Amdt. 195–50, 59 FR 17281, Apr. 12, 1994, as proximately atmospheric must be de-
amended by Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July signed and constructed in accordance
13, 1998] with API Specification 12F.
193
§ 195.134 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(2) Welded, low-pressure (i.e., inter- § 195.202 Compliance with specifica-

nal vapor space pressure not greater tions or standards.
than 15 psig (103.4 kPa)), carbon steel Each pipeline system must be con-
tanks that have wall shapes that can structed in accordance with com-
be generated by a single vertical axis of prehensive written specifications or
revolution must be designed and con- standards that are consistent with the
structed in accordance with API Stand- requirements of this part.
ard 620.
(3) Vertical, cylindrical, welded steel § 195.204 Inspection—general.
tanks with internal pressures at the
Inspection must be provided to en-
tank top approximating atmospheric
sure the installation of pipe or pipeline
pressures (i.e., internal vapor space
systems in accordance with the re-
pressures not greater than 2.5 psig (17.2
quirements of this subpart. No person
kPa), or not greater than the pressure
may be used to perform inspections un-
developed by the weight of the tank
less that person has been trained and is
roof) must be designed and constructed
qualified in the phase of construction
in accordance with API Standard 650.
to be inspected.
(4) High pressure steel tanks (i.e., in-
ternal gas or vapor space pressures [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
greater than 15 psig (103.4 kPa)) with a amended by Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33397, June
nominal capacity of 2000 gallons (7571 28, 1994]
liters) or more of liquefied petroleum
§ 195.205 Repair, alteration and recon-
gas (LPG) must be designed and construction of aboveground breakout
structed in accordance with API Stand- tanks that have been in service.
ard 2510.
(a) Aboveground breakout tanks that
[Amdt. 195–66, 64 FR 15935, Apr. 2, 1999] have been repaired, altered, or recon-
structed and returned to service must
§ 195.134 CPM leak detection. be capable of withstanding the internal
This section applies to each haz- pressure produced by the hazardous liq-
ardous liquid pipeline transporting liquid to be stored therein and any antici-
uid in single phase (without gas in the pated external loads.
liquid). On such systems, each new (b) After October 2, 2000, compliance
computational pipeline monitoring with paragraph (a) of this section re-
(CPM) leak detection system and each quires the following for the tanks spec-
replaced component of an existing CPM ified:
system must comply with section 4.2 of (1) For tanks designed for approxi-
API 1130 in its design and with any mately atmospheric pressure con-
other design criteria addressed in API structed of carbon and low alloy steel,
1130 for components of the CPM leak welded or riveted, and non-refrigerated
detection system. and tanks built to API Standard 650 or
[Amdt. 195–62, 63 FR 36376, July 6, 1998]
its predecessor Standard 12C, repair, al-
teration, and reconstruction must be in
accordance with API Standard 653.
Subpart D—Construction (2) For tanks built to API Specifica-
§ 195.200 Scope. tion 12F or API Standard 620, the re-
pair, alteration, and reconstruction
This subpart prescribes minimum re- must be in accordance with the design,
quirements for constructing new pipe- welding, examination, and material re-
line systems with steel pipe, and for requirements of those respective stand-
locating, replacing, or otherwise ards.
changing existing pipeline systems (3) For high pressure tanks built to
that are constructed with steel pipe. API Standard 2510, repairs, alterations,
However, this subpart does not apply and reconstruction must be in accord-
to the movement of pipe covered by ance with API 510.

§ 195.424.
[Amdt. 195–66, 64 FR 15935, Apr. 2, 1999]
194
§ 195.206 Material inspection. (c) Each circumferential weld which

No pipe or other component may be is located where the stress during bend-
installed in a pipeline system unless it ing causes a permanent deformation in
has been visually inspected at the site the pipe must be nondestructively test-
of installation to ensure that it is not ed either before or after the bending
damaged in a manner that could impair process.
its strength or reduce its service- [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
ability. amended by Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33396, June
28, 1994; Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July 13,
§ 195.208 Welding of supports and 1998]
braces.
Supports or braces may not be weld- § 195.214 Welding procedures.
ed directly to pipe that will be oper- (a) Welding must be performed by a
ated at a pressure of more than 100
qualified welder in accordance with
p.s.i. (689 kPa) gage.
welding procedures qualified under
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as Section 5 of API 1104 or Section IX of
amended by Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
13, 1998]
Code (incorporated by reference, see
§ 195.210 Pipeline location. § 195.3) . The quality of the test welds
used to qualify the welding procedure
(a) Pipeline right-of-way must be se-
shall be determined by destructive
lected to avoid, as far as practicable,
testing.
areas containing private dwellings, in-
dustrial buildings, and places of public (b) Each welding procedure must be
assembly. recorded in detail, including the results
(b) No pipeline may be located within of the qualifying tests. This record
50 feet (15 meters) of any private dwell- must be retained and followed when-
ing, or any industrial building or place ever the procedure is used.
of public assembly in which persons [Amdt. 195–38, 51 FR 20297, June 4, 1986, as
work, congregate, or assemble, unless amended at Amdt. 195–81, 69 FR 32897, June
it is provided with at least 12 inches 14, 2004]
(305 millimeters) of cover in addition to
that prescribed in § 195.248. § 195.216 Welding: Miter joints.
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 39360, July 27, 1981, as A miter joint is not permitted (not
amended by Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July including deflections up to 3 degrees
13, 1998] that are caused by misalignment).
§ 195.212 Bending of pipe.
§ 195.222 Welders: Qualification of
(a) Pipe must not have a wrinkle welders.
bend.
(a) Each welder must be qualified in
(b) Each field bend must comply with
accordance with section 6 of API 1104
the following:
(1) A bend must not impair the serv- (incorporated by reference, see § 195.3)
iceability of the pipe. or section IX of the ASME Boiler and
(2) Each bend must have a smooth Pressure Vessel Code, (incorporated by
contour and be free from buckling, reference, see § 195.3) except that a
cracks, or any other mechanical dam- welder qualified under an earlier edi-
age. tion than listed in § 195.3 may weld but
(3) On pipe containing a longitudinal may not re-qualify under that earlier
weld, the longitudinal weld must be as edition.
near as practicable to the neutral axis (b) No welder may weld with a weld-
of the bend unless— ing process unless, within the pre-
(i) The bend is made with an internal ceding 6 calendar months, the welder
bending mandrel; or has—
(ii) The pipe is 123⁄4 in (324 mm) or (1) Engaged in welding with that
less nominal outside diameter or has a process; and

diameter to wall thickness ratio less
than 70.
195
§ 195.224 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(2) Had one welded tested and found (b) Each weld that is repaired must
acceptable under section 9 of API 1104 have the defect removed down to sound
(incorporated by reference, see § 195.3). metal and the segment to be repaired
[Amdt. 195–81, 69 FR 54593, Sept. 9, 2004, as
must be preheated if conditions exist
amended by Amdt. 195–86, 71 FR 33409, June which would adversely affect the qual-
9, 2006] ity of the weld repair. After repair, the
segment of the weld that was repaired
§ 195.224 Welding: Weather. must be inspected to ensure its accept-
Welding must be protected from ability.
weather conditions that would impair (c) Repair of a crack, or of any defect
the quality of the completed weld. in a previously repaired area must be
in accordance with written weld repair
§ 195.226 Welding: Arc burns. procedures that have been qualified
(a) Each arc burn must be repaired. under § 195.214. Repair procedures must
(b) An arc burn may be repaired by provide that the minimum mechanical
completely removing the notch by properties specified for the welding
grinding, if the grinding does not re- procedure used to make the original
duce the remaining wall thickness to weld are met upon completion of the
less than the minimum thickness re- final weld repair.
quired by the tolerances in the speci- [Amdt. 195–29, 48 FR 48674, Oct. 20, 1983]
fication to which the pipe is manufac-
tured. If a notch is not repairable by § 195.234 Welds: Nondestructive test-
grinding, a cylinder of the pipe con- ing.
taining the entire notch must be re-
(a) A weld may be nondestructively
moved.
tested by any process that will clearly
(c) A ground may not be welded to
the pipe or fitting that is being welded. indicate any defects that may affect
the integrity of the weld.
§ 195.228 Welds and welding inspec- (b) Any nondestructive testing of
tion: Standards of acceptability. welds must be performed—
(a) Each weld and welding must be (1) In accordance with a written set
inspected to insure compliance with of procedures for nondestructive test-
the requirements of this subpart. Vis- ing; and
ual inspection must be supplemented (2) With personnel that have been
by nondestructive testing. trained in the established procedures
(b) The acceptability of a weld is de- and in the use of the equipment em-
termined according to the standards in ployed in the testing.
Section 9 of API 1104. However, if a (c) Procedures for the proper inter-
girth weld is unacceptable under those pretation of each weld inspection must
standards for a reason other than a be established to ensure the accept-
crack, and if Appendix A to API 1104 ability of the weld under § 195.228.
(incorporated by reference, see § 195.3) (d) During construction, at least 10
applies to the weld, the acceptability percent of the girth welds made by
of the weld may be determined under each welder during each welding day
that appendix. must be nondestructively tested over
the entire circumference of the weld.
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
amended by Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33397, June (e) All girth welds installed each day
28, 1994; Amdt. 195–81, 69 FR 32898, June 14, in the following locations must be non-
2004] destructively tested over their entire
circumference, except that when non-
§ 195.230 Welds: Repair or removal of destructive testing is impracticable for
defects. a girth weld, it need not be tested if
(a) Each weld that is unacceptable the number of girth welds for which
under § 195.228 must be removed or re- testing is impracticable does not ex-
paired. Except for welds on an offshore ceed 10 percent of the girth welds in-
pipeline being installed from a pipelay stalled that day:
vessel, a weld must be removed if it has (1) At any onshore location where a
a crack that is more than 8 percent of loss of hazardous liquid could reason-
the weld length. ably be expected to pollute any stream,
196
river, lake, reservoir, or other body of stresses and the possibility of damage
water, and any offshore area; to the pipe.
(2) Within railroad or public road (b) Except for pipe in the Gulf of
rights-of-way; Mexico and its inlets in waters less
(3) At overhead road crossings and than 15 feet deep, all offshore pipe in
within tunnels; water at least 12 feet deep (3.7 meters)
(4) Within the limits of any incor- but not more than 200 feet deep (61 me-
porated subdivision of a State govern- ters) deep as measured from the mean
ment; and low water must be installed so that the
(5) Within populated areas, including, top of the pipe is below the underwater
but not limited to, residential subdivi- natural bottom (as determined by rec-
sions, shopping centers, schools, des- ognized and generally accepted prac-
ignated commercial areas, industrial tices) unless the pipe is supported by
facilities, public institutions, and stanchions held in place by anchors or
places of public assembly. heavy concrete coating or protected by
(f) When installing used pipe, 100 per- an equivalent means.
cent of the old girth welds must be [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
nondestructively tested. amended by Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33397, June
(g) At pipeline tie-ins, including tie- 28, 1994; 59 FR 36256, July 15, 1994; Amdt. 195–
ins of replacement sections, 100 percent 85, 69 FR 48407, Aug. 10, 2004]
of the girth welds must be nondestruc-
tively tested. § 195.248 Cover over buried pipeline.
(a) Unless specifically exempted in
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
amended by Amdt. 195–35, 50 FR 37192, Sept. this subpart, all pipe must be buried so
21, 1985; Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33397, June 28, that it is below the level of cultivation.
1994] Except as provided in paragraph (b) of
this section, the pipe must be installed
§§ 195.236–195.244 [Reserved] so that the cover between the top of
the pipe and the ground level, road bed,
§ 195.246 Installation of pipe in a river bottom, or underwater natural
ditch. bottom (as determined by recognized
(a) All pipe installed in a ditch must and generally accepted practices), as
be installed in a manner that mini- applicable, complies with the following
mizes the introduction of secondary table:
Cover inches (millimeters)
Location For normal For rock
excavation excavation 1
Industrial, commercial, and residential areas ............................................................................... 36 (914) 30 (762)

Crossing of inland bodies of water with a width of at least 100 feet (30 millimeters) from high
water mark to high water mark .................................................................................................. 48 (1219) 18 (457)
Drainage ditches at public roads and railroads ............................................................................ 36 (914) 36 (914)
Deepwater port safety zones ........................................................................................................ 48 (1219) 24 (610)
Gulf of Mexico and its inlets in waters less than 15 feet (4.6 meters) deep as measured from
mean low water ......................................................................................................................... 36 (914) 18 (457)
Other offshore areas under water less than 12 ft (3.7 meters) deep as measured from mean
low water .................................................................................................................................... 36 (914) 18 (457)
Any other area ............................................................................................................................... 30 (762) 18 (457)
1 Rock excavation is any excavation that requires blasting or removal by equivalent means.
(b) Except for the Gulf of Mexico and (2) Additional protection is provided
its inlets in waters less than 15 feet (4.6 that is equivalent to the minimum re-
meters) deep, less cover than the min- quired cover.
imum required by paragraph (a) of this
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47
section and § 195.210 may be used if— FR 32721, July 29, 1982 as amended by Amdt.
(1) It is impracticable to comply with 195–52, 59 FR 33397, June 28, 1994; 59 FR 36256,
the minimum cover requirements; and July 15, 1994; Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July
13, 1998; Amdt. 195–95, 69 FR 48407, Aug. 10,
2004]
197
§ 195.250 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
§ 195.250 Clearance between pipe and ized employees and that is protected
underground structures. from damage or tampering.
Any pipe installed underground must (b) Each submerged valve located off-
have at least 12 inches (305 millime- shore or in inland navigable waters
ters) of clearance between the outside must be marked, or located by conven-
of the pipe and the extremity of any tional survey techniques, to facilitate
other underground structure, except quick location when operation of the
that for drainage tile the minimum valve is required.
clearance may be less than 12 inches
§ 195.260 Valves: Location.
(305 millimeters) but not less than 2
inches (51 millimeters). However, A valve must be installed at each of
where 12 inches (305 millimeters) of the following locations:
clearance is impracticable, the clear- (a) On the suction end and the dis-
ance may be reduced if adequate provi- charge end of a pump station in a man-
sions are made for corrosion control. ner that permits isolation of the pump
station equipment in the event of an
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
amended by Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July
emergency.
13, 1998] (b) On each line entering or leaving a
breakout storage tank area in a man-
§ 195.252 Backfilling. ner that permits isolation of the tank
area from other facilities.
When a ditch for a pipeline is
backfilled, it must be backfilled in a (c) On each mainline at locations
manner that: along the pipeline system that will
(a) Provides firm support under the minimize damage or pollution from ac-
pipe; and cidental hazardous liquid discharge, as
appropriate for the terrain in open
(b) Prevents damage to the pipe and
country, for offshore areas, or for popu-
pipe coating from equipment or from
lated areas.
the backfill material.
(d) On each lateral takeoff from a
[Amdt. 195–78, 68 FR 53528, Sept. 11, 2003] trunk line in a manner that permits
shutting off the lateral without inter-
§ 195.254 Above ground components. rupting the flow in the trunk line.
(a) Any component may be installed (e) On each side of a water crossing
above ground in the following situa- that is more than 100 feet (30 meters)
tions, if the other applicable require- wide from high-water mark to high-
ments of this part are complied with: water mark unless the Administrator
(1) Overhead crossings of highways, finds in a particular case that valves
railroads, or a body of water. are not justified.
(2) Spans over ditches and gullies. (f) On each side of a reservoir holding
(3) Scraper traps or block valves. water for human consumption.
(4) Areas under the direct control of [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47
the operator. FR 32721, July 29, 1982; Amdt. 195–50, 59 FR
(5) In any area inaccessible to the 17281, Apr. 12, 1994; Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506,
public. July 13, 1998]
(b) Each component covered by this
section must be protected from the § 195.262 Pumping equipment.
forces exerted by the anticipated loads. (a) Adequate ventilation must be pro-
vided in pump station buildings to pre-
§ 195.256 Crossing of railroads and vent the accumulation of hazardous va-
highways.
pors. Warning devices must be installed
The pipe at each railroad or highway to warn of the presence of hazardous
crossing must be installed so as to ade- vapors in the pumping station building.
quately withstand the dynamic forces (b) The following must be provided in
exerted by anticipated traffic loads. each pump station:
(1) Safety devices that prevent over-
§ 195.258 Valves: General. pressuring of pumping equipment, in-

(a) Each valve must be installed in a cluding the auxiliary pumping equip-
location that is accessible to author- ment within the pumping station.
198
(2) A device for the emergency shut- (d) Normal/emergency relief venting
down of each pumping station. must be provided for each atmospheric
(3) If power is necessary to actuate pressure breakout tank. Pressure/vacu-
the safety devices, an auxiliary power um-relieving devices must be provided
supply. for each low-pressure and high-pressure
(c) Each safety device must be tested breakout tank.
under conditions approximating actual (e) For normal/emergency relief vent-
operations and found to function prop- ing and pressure/vacuum-relieving de-
erly before the pumping station may be vices installed on aboveground break-
used. out tanks after October 2, 2000, compli-
(d) Except for offshore pipelines, ance with paragraph (d) of this section
pumping equipment must be installed requires the following for the tanks
on property that is under the control of specified:
the operator and at least 15.2 m (50 ft) (1) Normal/emergency relief venting
from the boundary of the pump station. installed on atmospheric pressure
(e) Adequate fire protection must be tanks built to API Specification 12F
installed at each pump station. If the must be in accordance with Section 4,
fire protection system installed re- and Appendices B and C, of API Speci-
quires the use of pumps, motive power fication 12F.
must be provided for those pumps that (2) Normal/emergency relief venting
is separate from the power that oper- installed on atmospheric pressure
ates the station. tanks (such as those built to API
Standard 650 or its predecessor Stand-
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as ard 12C) must be in accordance with
amended by Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33397, June
API Standard 2000.
28, 1994]
(3) Pressure-relieving and emergency
§ 195.264 Impoundment, protection vacuum-relieving devices installed on
against entry, normal/emergency low pressure tanks built to API Stand-
venting or pressure/vacuum relief ard 620 must be in accordance with sec-
for aboveground breakout tanks. tion 9 of API Standard 620 (incor-
(a) A means must be provided for porated by reference, see § 195.3) and its
containing hazardous liquids in the references to the normal and emer-
event of spillage or failure of an above- gency venting requirements in API
ground breakout tank. Standard 2000 (incorporated by ref-
(b) After October 2, 2000, compliance erence, see § 195.3).
with paragraph (a) of this section re- (4) Pressure and vacuum-relieving de-
quires the following for the above- vices installed on high pressure tanks
ground breakout tanks specified: built to API Standard 2510 must be in
(1) For tanks built to API Specifica- accordance with sections 7 or 11 of API
tion 12F, API Standard 620, and others 2510 (incorporated by reference, see
(such as API Standard 650 or its prede- § 195.3).
cessor Standard 12C), the installation [Amdt. 195–66, 64 FR 15935, Apr. 2, 1999, as
of impoundment must be in accordance amended by 195–86, 71 FR 33410, June 9, 2006]
with the following sections of NFPA 30:
(i) Impoundment around a breakout § 195.266 Construction records.
tank must be installed in accordance A complete record that shows the fol-
with section 4.3.2.3.2; and lowing must be maintained by the op-
(ii) Impoundment by drainage to a re- erator involved for the life of each
mote impounding area must be in- pipeline facility:
stalled in accordance with section (a) The total number of girth welds
4.3.2.3.1. and the number nondestructively test-
(2) For tanks built to API 2510, the ed, including the number rejected and
installation of impoundment must be the disposition of each rejected weld.
in accordance with section 5 or 11 of (b) The amount, location; and cover
API 2510 (incorporated by reference, see of each size of pipe installed.
§ 195.3). (c) The location of each crossing of
(c) Aboveground breakout tank areas another pipeline.

must be adequately protected against (d) The location of each buried util-
unauthorized entry. ity crossing.
199
§ 195.300 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(e) The location of each overhead which an operator has elected the risk-
crossing. based alternative under § 195.303 and
(f) The location of each valve and which are not required to be tested
corrosion test station. based on the risk-based criteria.
(c) Except for pipelines that trans-
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
amended by Amdt. 195–34, 50 FR 34474, Aug. port HVL onshore, low-stress pipelines,
26, 1985] and pipelines covered under § 195.303,
the following compliance deadlines
apply to pipelines under paragraphs
Subpart E—Pressure Testing (b)(1) and (b)(2)(i) of this section that
§ 195.300 Scope. have not been pressure tested under
this subpart:
This subpart prescribes minimum re- (1) Before December 7, 1998, for each
quirements for the pressure testing of pipeline each operator shall—
steel pipelines. However, this subpart (i) Plan and schedule testing accord-
does not apply to the movement of pipe ing to this paragraph; or
under § 195.424. (ii) Establish the pipeline’s maximum
[Amdt. 195–51, 59 FR 29384, June 7, 1994] operating pressure under § 195.406(a)(5).
(2) For pipelines scheduled for test-
§ 195.302 General requirements. ing, each operator shall—
(a) Except as otherwise provided in (i) Before December 7, 2000, pressure
this section and in § 195.305(b), no oper- test—
ator may operate a pipeline unless it (A) Each pipeline identified by name,
has been pressure tested under this symbol, or otherwise that existing
subpart without leakage. In addition, records show contains more than 50
no operator may return to service a percent by mileage (length) of electric
segment of pipeline that has been re- resistance welded pipe manufactured
placed, relocated, or otherwise changed before 1970; and
until it has been pressure tested under (B) At least 50 percent of the mileage
this subpart without leakage. (length) of all other pipelines; and
(b) Except for pipelines converted (ii) Before December 7, 2003, pressure
test the remainder of the pipeline mile-
under § 195.5, the following pipelines
age (length).
may be operated without pressure test-
ing under this subpart: [Amdt. 195–51, 59 FR 29384, June 7, 1994, as
(1) Any hazardous liquid pipeline amended by Amdt. 195–53, 59 FR 35471, July
whose maximum operating pressure is 12, 1994; Amdt. 195–51B, 61 FR 43027, Aug. 20,
1996; Amdt. 195–58, 62 FR 54592, Oct. 21, 1997;
established under § 195.406(a)(5) that
Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July 13, 1998;
is— Amdt. 195–65, 63 FR 59479, Nov. 4, 1998]
(i) An interstate pipeline constructed
before January 8, 1971; § 195.303 Risk-based alternative to
(ii) An interstate offshore gathering pressure testing older hazardous
line constructed before August 1, 1977; liquid and carbon dioxide pipelines.
(iii) An intrastate pipeline con- (a) An operator may elect to follow a
structed before October 21, 1985; or program for testing a pipeline on risk-
(iv) A low-stress pipeline constructed based criteria as an alternative to the
before August 11, 1994 that transports pressure testing in § 195.302(b)(1)(i)–(iii)
HVL. and § 195.302(b)(2)(i) of this subpart. Ap-
(2) Any carbon dioxide pipeline con- pendix B provides guidance on how this
structed before July 12, 1991, that— program will work. An operator elect-
(i) Has its maximum operating pres- ing such a program shall assign a risk
sure established under § 195.406(a)(5); or classification to each pipeline segment
(ii) Is located in a rural area as part according to the indicators described in
of a production field distribution sys- paragraph (b) of this section as follows:
tem. (1) Risk Classification A if the loca-
(3) Any low-stress pipeline con- tion indicator is ranked as low or me-
structed before August 11, 1994 that dium risk, the product and volume in-
does not transport HVL. dicators are ranked as low risk, and
(4) Those portions of older hazardous the probability of failure indicator is
liquid and carbon dioxide pipelines for ranked as low risk;
200
(2) Risk Classification C if the loca- sure testing and, in the case of such
tion indicator is ranked as high risk; or segments in Risk Classification A, may
(3) Risk Classification B. provide for no additional measures
(b) An operator shall evaluate each under this subpart.
pipeline segment in the program ac- (d) All pre-1970 ERW pipe and
cording to the following indicators of lapwelded pipe is deemed susceptible to
risk: longitudinal seam failures unless an
(1) The location indicator is— engineering analysis shows otherwise.
(i) High risk if an area is non-rural or In conducting an engineering analysis
environmentally sensitive 1; or
an operator must consider the seam-re-
(ii) Medium risk; or
(iii) Low risk if an area is not high or lated leak history of the pipe and pipe
medium risk. manufacturing information as avail-
(2) The product indicator is 1 able, which may include the pipe
(i) High risk if the product trans- steel’s mechanical properties, includ-
ported is highly toxic or is both highly ing fracture toughness; the manufac-
volatile and flammable; turing process and controls related to
(ii) Medium risk if the product trans- seam properties, including whether the
ported is flammable with a flashpoint ERW process was high-frequency or
of less than 100° F, but not highly vola- low-frequency, whether the weld seam
tile; or was heat treated, whether the seam
(iii) Low risk if the product trans- was inspected, the test pressure and
ported is not high or medium risk. duration during mill hydrotest; the
(3) The volume indicator is— quality control of the steel-making
(i) High risk if the line is at least 18 process; and other factors pertinent to
inches in nominal diameter; seam properties and quality.
(ii) Medium risk if the line is at least (e) Pressure testing done under this
10 inches, but less than 18 inches, in section must be conducted in accord-
nominal diameter; or ance with this subpart. Except for seg-
(iii) Low risk if the line is not high or ments in Risk Classification B which
medium risk.
are not constructed with pre-1970 ERW
(4) The probability of failure indi-
pipe, water must be the test medium.
cator is—
(i) High risk if the segment has expe- (f) An operator electing to follow a
rienced more than three failures in the program under paragraph (a) must de-
last 10 years due to time-dependent develop plans that include the method of
fects (e.g., corrosion, gouges, or prob- testing and a schedule for the testing
lems developed during manufacture, by December 7, 1998. The compliance
construction or operation, etc.); or deadlines for completion of testing are
(ii) Low risk if the segment has expe- as shown in the table below:
rienced three failures or less in the last
10 years due to time-dependent defects. § 195.303—TEST DEADLINES
(c) The program under paragraph (a) Pipeline Segment Risk classification Test deadline
of this section shall provide for pres-
sure testing for a segment constructed Pre-1970 Pipe sus- C or B ................... 12/7/2000
ceptible to longi- A ........................... 12/7/2002
of electric resistance-welded (ERW) tudinal seam fail-
pipe and lapwelded pipe manufactured ures [defined in
prior to 1970 susceptible to longitudinal § 195.303(c) &
seam failures as determined through (d)].
All Other Pipeline C ........................... 12/7/2002
paragraph (d) of this section. The tim- Segments. B ........................... 12/7//2004
ing of such pressure test may be deter- A ........................... Additional testing
mined based on risk classifications dis- not required
cussed under paragraph (b) of this sec-
tion. For other segments, the program (g) An operator must review the risk
may provide for use of a magnetic flux classifications for those pipeline seg-
leakage or ultrasonic internal inspec- ments which have not yet been tested
tion survey as an alternative to pres- under paragraph (a) of this section or

otherwise inspected under paragraph
1 (See Appendix B, Table C). (c) of this section at intervals not to
201
§ 195.304 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
exceed 15 months. If the risk classifica- in strength to a prototype that was

tion of an untested or uninspected seg- hydrostatically tested at the factory.
ment changes, an operator must take [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
appropriate action within two years, or amended by Amdt. 195–51, 59 FR 29385, June
establish the maximum operating pres- 7, 1994; Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33397, June 28,
sure under § 195.406(a)(5). 1994. Redesignated by Amdt. 195–65, 63 FR
(h) An operator must maintain 59480, Nov. 4, 1998]
records establishing compliance with § 195.306 Test medium.
this section, including records
verifying the risk classifications, the (a) Except as provided in paragraphs
plans and schedule for testing, the con- (b), (c), and (d) of this section, water
duct of the testing, and the review of must be used as the test medium.
(b) Except for offshore pipelines, liq-
the risk classifications.
uid petroleum that does not vaporize
(i) An operator may discontinue a rapidly may be used as the test me-
program under this section only after dium if—
written notification to the Adminis- (1) The entire pipeline section under
trator and approval, if needed, of a test is outside of cities and other popu-
schedule for pressure testing. lated areas;
[Amdt. 195–65, 63 FR 59480, Nov. 4, 1998] (2) Each building within 300 feet (91
meters) of the test section is unoccu-
§ 195.304 Test pressure. pied while the test pressure is equal to
or greater than a pressure which pro-
The test pressure for each pressure duces a hoop stress of 50 percent of
test conducted under this subpart must specified minimum yield strength;
be maintained throughout the part of (3) The test section is kept under sur-
the system being tested for at least 4 veillance by regular patrols during the
continuous hours at a pressure equal to test; and
125 percent, or more, of the maximum (4) Continuous communication is
operating pressure and, in the case of a maintained along entire test section.
pipeline that is not visually inspected (c) Carbon dioxide pipelines may use
for leakage during the test, for at least inert gas or carbon dioxide as the test
an additional 4 continuous hours at a medium if—
pressure equal to 110 percent, or more, (1) The entire pipeline section under
of the maximum operating pressure. test is outside of cities and other popu-
lated areas;
[Amdt. 195–51, 59 FR 29384, June 7, 1994. Re-
(2) Each building within 300 feet (91
designated by Amdt. 195–65, 63 FR 59480, Nov.
meters) of the test section is unoccu-
4, 1998]
pied while the test pressure is equal to
§ 195.305 Testing of components. or greater than a pressure that pro-
duces a hoop stress of 50 percent of
(a) Each pressure test under § 195.302 specified minimum yield strength;
must test all pipe and attached fit- (3) The maximum hoop stress during
tings, including components, unless the test does not exceed 80 percent of
otherwise permitted by paragraph (b) specified minimum yield strength;
of this section. (4) Continuous communication is
(b) A component, other than pipe, maintained along entire test section;
that is the only item being replaced or and
added to the pipeline system need not (5) The pipe involved is new pipe hav-
be hydrostatically tested under para- ing a longitudinal joint factor of 1.00.
graph (a) of this section if the manu- (d) Air or inert gas may be used as
facturer certifies that either— the test medium in low-stress pipe-
(1) The component was lines.
hydrostatically tested at the factory; [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1991, as
or amended by Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR 26926, June
(2) The component was manufactured 12, 1991; Amdt. 195–51, 59 FR 29385, June 7,
1994; Amdt. 195–53, 59 FR 35471, July 12, 1994;
under a quality control system that en-
Amdt. 195–51A, 59 FR 41260, Aug. 11, 1994;
sures each component is at least equal Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July 13, 1998]
202
§ 195.307 Pressure testing above- (2) Test instrument calibration data;

ground breakout tanks. (3) The name of the operator, the
(a) For aboveground breakout tanks name of the person responsible for
built to API Specification 12F and first making the test, and the name of the
placed in service after October 2, 2000, test company used, if any;
pneumatic testing must be in accord- (4) The date and time of the test;
ance with section 5.3 of API Specifica- (5) The minimum test pressure;
tion 12F. (6) The test medium;
(b) For aboveground breakout tanks (7) A description of the facility tested
built to API Standard 620 and first and the test apparatus;
placed in service after October 2, 2000, (8) An explanation of any pressure
hydrostatic and pneumatic testing discontinuities, including test failures,
must be in accordance with section 7.18 that appear on the pressure recording
of API Standard 620 (incorporated by charts;
reference, see § 195.3). (9) Where elevation differences in the
(c) For aboveground breakout tanks section under test exceed 100 feet (30
built to API Standard 650 and first meters), a profile of the pipeline that
placed in service after October 2, 2000, shows the elevation and test sites over
hydrostatic and pneumatic testing the entire length of the test section;
must be in accordance with section 5.3 and
of API Standard 650. (10) Temperature of the test medium
(d) For aboveground atmospheric or pipe during the test period.
pressure breakout tanks constructed of [Amdt. 195–34, 50 FR 34474, Aug. 26, 1985, as
carbon and low alloy steel, welded or amended by Amdt. 195–51, 59 FR 29385, June
riveted, and non-refrigerated and tanks 7, 1994; Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July 13,
built to API Standard 650 or its prede- 1998; Amdt. 195–78, 68 FR 53528, Sept. 11, 2003]
cessor Standard 12C that are returned
to service after October 2, 2000, the ne- Subpart F—Operation and
cessity for the hydrostatic testing of Maintenance
repair, alteration, and reconstruction
is covered in section 10.3 of API Stand- § 195.400 Scope.
ard 653.
This subpart prescribes minimum re-
(e) For aboveground breakout tanks
quirements for operating and main-
built to API Standard 2510 and first
taining pipeline systems constructed
placed in service after October 2, 2000,
with steel pipe.
pressure testing must be in accordance
with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel § 195.401 General requirements.
Code, Section VIII, Division 1 or 2.
(a) No operator may operate or main-
[Amdt. 195–66, 64 FR 15936, Apr. 2, 1999, as tain its pipeline systems at a level of
amended by Amdt. 195–86, 71 FR 33410, June safety lower than that required by this
9, 2006]
subpart and the procedures it is re-
§ 195.308 Testing of tie-ins. quired to establish under § 195.402(a) of
this subpart.
Pipe associated with tie-ins must be (b) Whenever an operator discovers
pressure tested, either with the section any condition that could adversely af-
to be tied in or separately. fect the safe operation of its pipeline
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as system, it shall correct it within a rea-
amended by 195–51, 59 FR 29385, June 7, 1994] sonable time. However, if the condition
is of such a nature that it presents an
§ 195.310 Records. immediate hazard to persons or prop-
(a) A record must be made of each erty, the operator may not operate the
pressure test required by this subpart, affected part of the system until it has
and the record of the latest test must corrected the unsafe condition.
be retained as long as the facility test- (c) Except as provided in § 195.5, no
ed is in use. operator may operate any part of any
(b) The record required by paragraph of the following pipelines unless it was
(a) of this section must include: designed and constructed as required
(1) The pressure recording charts; by this part:
203
§ 195.402 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(1) An interstate pipeline, other than (c) Maintenance and normal operations.
a low-stress pipeline, on which con- The manual required by paragraph (a)
struction was begun after March 31, of this section must include procedures
1970, that transports hazardous liquid. for the following to provide safety dur-
(2) An interstate offshore gathering ing maintenance and normal oper-
line, other than a low-stress pipeline, ations:
on which construction was begun after (1) Making construction records,
July 31, 1977, that transports hazardous maps, and operating history available
liquid. as necessary for safe operation and
(3) An intrastate pipeline, other than maintenance.
a low-stress pipeline, on which con- (2) Gathering of data needed for re-
struction was begun after October 20, porting accidents under subpart B of
1985, that transports hazardous liquid. this part in a timely and effective man-
(4) A pipeline on which construction ner.
was begun after July 11, 1991, that (3) Operating, maintaining, and re-
transports carbon dioxide. pairing the pipeline system in accord-
ance with each of the requirements of
(5) A low-stress pipeline on which
this subpart and subpart H of this part.
construction was begun after August
(4) Determining which pipeline facili-
10, 1994.
ties are located in areas that would re-
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as quire an immediate response by the op-
amended by Amdt. 195–33, 50 FR 15899, Apr. erator to prevent hazards to the public
23, 1985; Amdt. 195–33A, 50 FR 39008, Sept. 26, if the facilities failed or malfunctioned.
1985; Amdt. 195–36, 51 FR 15008, Apr. 22, 1986; (5) Analyzing pipeline accidents to
Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR 26926, June 12, 1991; determine their causes.
Amdt. 195–53, 59 FR 35471, July 12, 1994]
(6) Minimizing the potential for haz-
§ 195.402 Procedural manual for oper- ards identified under paragraph (c)(4)
ations, maintenance, and emer- of this section and the possibility of re-
gencies. currence of accidents analyzed under
paragraph (c)(5) of this section.
(a) General. Each operator shall pre- (7) Starting up and shutting down
pare and follow for each pipeline sys- any part of the pipeline system in a
tem a manual of written procedures for manner designed to assure operation
conducting normal operations and within the limits prescribed by
maintenance activities and handling § 195.406, consider the hazardous liquid
abnormal operations and emergencies. or carbon dioxide in transportation,
This manual shall be reviewed at inter- variations in altitude along the pipe-
vals not exceeding 15 months, but at line, and pressure monitoring and con-
least once each calendar year, and ap- trol devices.
propriate changes made as necessary to (8) In the case of a pipeline that is
insure that the manual is effective. not equipped to fail safe, monitoring
This manual shall be prepared before from an attended location pipeline
initial operations of a pipeline system pressure during startup until steady
commence, and appropriate parts shall state pressure and flow conditions are
be kept at locations where operations reached and during shut-in to assure
and maintenance activities are con- operation within limits prescribed by
ducted. § 195.406.
(b) The Administrator or the State (9) In the case of facilities not
Agency that has submitted a current equipped to fail safe that are identified
certification under the pipeline safety under paragraph 195.402(c)(4) or that
laws (49 U.S.C. 60101 et seq.) with re- control receipt and delivery of the haz-
spect to the pipeline facility governed ardous liquid or carbon dioxide, detect-
by an operator’s plans and procedures ing abnormal operating conditions by
may, after notice and opportunity for monitoring pressure, temperature, flow
hearing as provided in 49 CFR 190.237 or or other appropriate operational data
the relevant State procedures, require and transmitting this data to an at-
the operator to amend its plans and tended location.

procedures as necessary to provide a (10) Abandoning pipeline facilities,
reasonable level of safety. including safe disconnection from an
204
operating pipeline system, purging of ation, or personnel error which could

combustibles, and sealing abandoned cause a hazard to persons or property.
facilities left in place to minimize safe- (2) Checking variations from normal
ty and environmental hazards. For operation after abnormal operation has
each abandoned offshore pipeline facil- ended at sufficient critical locations in
ity or each abandoned onshore pipeline the system to determine continued in-
facility that crosses over, under or tegrity and safe operation.
through commercially navigable wa- (3) Correcting variations from normal
terways the last operator of that facil- operation of pressure and flow equip-
ity must file a report upon abandonment and controls.
ment of that facility in accordance (4) Notifying responsible operator
with § 195.59 of this part. personnel when notice of an abnormal
(11) Minimizing the likelihood of ac- operation is received.
cidental ignition of vapors in areas (5) Periodically reviewing the re-
near facilities identified under para- sponse of operator personnel to deter-
graph (c)(4) of this section where the mine the effectiveness of the proce-
potential exists for the presence of dures controlling abnormal operation
flammable liquids or gases. and taking corrective action where de-
(12) Establishing and maintaining li- ficiencies are found.
aison with fire, police, and other appro- (e) Emergencies. The manual required
priate public officials to learn the re- by paragraph (a) of this section must
sponsibility and resources of each gov- include procedures for the following to
ernment organization that may re- provide safety when an emergency con-
spond to a hazardous liquid or carbon dition occurs:
dioxide pipeline emergency and ac- (1) Receiving, identifying, and
quaint the officials with the operator’s classifying notices of events which
ability in responding to a hazardous need immediate response by the oper-
liquid or carbon dioxide pipeline emer- ator or notice to fire, police, or other
gency and means of communication. appropriate public officials and com-
(13) Periodically reviewing the work municating this information to appro-
done by operator personnel to deter- priate operator personnel for correc-
mine the effectiveness of the proce- tive action.
dures used in normal operation and (2) Prompt and effective response to a
maintenance and taking corrective ac- notice of each type emergency, includ-
tion where deficiencies are found. ing fire or explosion occurring near or
(14) Taking adequate precautions in directly involving a pipeline facility,
excavated trenches to protect per- accidental release of hazardous liquid
sonnel from the hazards of unsafe accu- or carbon dioxide from a pipeline facil-
mulations of vapor or gas, and making ity, operational failure causing a haz-
available when needed at the exca- ardous condition, and natural disaster
vation, emergency rescue equipment, affecting pipeline facilities.
including a breathing apparatus and, a (3) Having personnel, equipment, in-
rescue harness and line. struments, tools, and material avail-
(d) Abnormal operation. The manual able as needed at the scene of an emer-
required by paragraph (a) of this sec- gency.
tion must include procedures for the (4) Taking necessary action, such as
following to provide safety when oper- emergency shutdown or pressure reduc-
ating design limits have been exceeded: tion, to minimize the volume of haz-
(1) Responding to, investigating, and ardous liquid or carbon dioxide that is
correcting the cause of: released from any section of a pipeline
(i) Unintended closure of valves or system in the event of a failure.
shutdowns; (5) Control of released hazardous liq-
(ii) Increase or decrease in pressure uid or carbon dioxide at an accident
or flow rate outside normal operating scene to minimize the hazards, includ-
limits; ing possible intentional ignition in the
(iii) Loss of communications; cases of flammable highly volatile liq-
(iv) Operation of any safety device; uid.

(v) Any other malfunction of a com- (6) Minimization of public exposure
ponent, deviation from normal oper- to injury and probability of accidental
205
§ 195.403 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
ignition by assisting with evacuation (3) Recognize conditions that are

of residents and assisting with halting likely to cause emergencies, predict
traffic on roads and railroads in the af- the consequences of facility malfunc-
fected area, or taking other appro- tions or failures and hazardous liquids
priate action. or carbon dioxide spills, and take ap-
(7) Notifying fire, police, and other propriate corrective action;
appropriate public officials of haz- (4) Take steps necessary to control
ardous liquid or carbon dioxide pipeline any accidental release of hazardous liq-
emergencies and coordinating with uid or carbon dioxide and to minimize
them preplanned and actual responses the potential for fire, explosion, tox-
during an emergency, including addi- icity, or environmental damage; and
tional precautions necessary for an (5) Learn the potential causes, types,
emergency involving a pipeline system sizes, and consequences of fire and the
transporting a highly volatile liquid. appropriate use of portable fire extin-
(8) In the case of failure of a pipeline guishers and other on-site fire control
system transporting a highly volatile equipment, involving, where feasible, a
liquid, use of appropriate instruments simulated pipeline emergency condi-
to assess the extent and coverage of tion.
the vapor cloud and determine the haz- (b) At the intervals not exceeding 15
ardous areas. months, but at least once each cal-
(9) Providing for a post accident re- endar year, each operator shall:
view of employee activities to deter- (1) Review with personnel their per-
mine whether the procedures were ef- formance in meeting the objectives of
fective in each emergency and taking the emergency response training pro-
corrective action where deficiencies gram set forth in paragraph (a) of this
are found. section; and
(f) Safety-related condition reports. The (2) Make appropriate changes to the
manual required by paragraph (a) of emergency response training program
this section must include instructions as necessary to ensure that it is effec-
enabling personnel who perform oper- tive.
ation and maintenance activities to (c) Each operator shall require and
recognize conditions that potentially verify that its supervisors maintain a
may be safety-related conditions that thorough knowledge of that portion of
are subject to the reporting require- the emergency response procedures es-
ments of § 195.55. tablished under 195.402 for which they
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47 are responsible to ensure compliance.
[Amdt. 195–67, 64 FR 46866, Aug. 27, 1999, as
195–24, 47 FR 46852, Oct. 21, 1982; Amdt. 195–39,
amended at Amdt. 195–78, 68 FR 53528, Sept.
53 FR 24951, July 1, 1988; Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR
11, 2003]
26926, June 12, 1991; Amdt. 195–46, 56 FR 31090,
July 9, 1991; Amdt. 195–49, 59 FR 6585, Feb. 11,
§ 195.404 Maps and records.
1994; Amdt. 195–55, 61 FR 18518, Apr. 26, 1996;
Amdt. 195–69, 65 FR 54444, Sept. 8, 2000; Amdt. (a) Each operator shall maintain cur-
195–173, 66 FR 67004, Dec. 27, 2001] rent maps and records of its pipeline
systems that include at least the fol-
§ 195.403 Emergency response train- lowing information:
ing. (1) Location and identification of the
(a) Each operator shall establish and following pipeline facilities:
conduct a continuing training program (i) Breakout tanks;
to instruct emergency response per- (ii) Pump stations;
sonnel to: (iii) Scraper and sphere facilities;
(1) Carry out the emergency proce- (iv) Pipeline valves;
dures established under 195.402 that re- (v) Facilities to which § 195.402(c)(9)
late to their assignments; applies;
(2) Know the characteristics and haz- (vi) Rights-of-way; and
ards of the hazardous liquids or carbon (vii) Safety devices to which § 195.428
dioxide transported, including, in case applies.
of flammable HVL, flammability of (2) All crossings of public roads, rail-

mixtures with air, odorless vapors, and roads, rivers, buried utilities, and for-
water reactions; eign pipelines.
206
(3) The maximum operating pressure review and consider the potentially
of each pipeline. hazardous conditions, safety practices
(4) The diameter, grade, type, and and procedures in API Publication 2026
nominal wall thickness of all pipe. for inclusion in the procedure manual
(b) Each operator shall maintain for (§ 195.402(c)).
at least 3 years daily operating records [Amdt. 195–66, 64 FR 15936, Apr. 2, 1999]
that indicate—
(1) The discharge pressure at each § 195.406 Maximum operating pres-
pump station; and sure.
(2) Any emergency or abnormal oper- (a) Except for surge pressures and
ation to which the procedures under other variations from normal oper-
§ 195.402 apply. ations, no operator may operate a pipe-
(c) Each operator shall maintain the line at a pressure that exceeds any of
following records for the periods speci- the following:
fied: (1) The internal design pressure of
(1) The date, location, and descrip- the pipe determined in accordance with
tion of each repair made to pipe shall § 195.106. However, for steel pipe in pipe-
be maintained for the useful life of the lines being converted under § 195.5, if
pipe. one or more factors of the design for-
(2) The date, location, and descrip- mula (§ 195.106) are unknown, one of the
tion of each repair made to parts of the following pressures is to be used as de-
pipeline system other than pipe shall sign pressure:
be maintained for at least 1 year. (i) Eighty percent of the first test
(3) A record of each inspection and pressure that produces yield under sec-
test required by this subpart shall be tion N5.0 of appendix N of ASME B31.8,
maintained for at least 2 years or until reduced by the appropriate factors in
the next inspection or test is per- §§ 195.106 (a) and (e); or
formed, whichever is longer. (ii) If the pipe is 12 3⁄4 inch (324 mm)
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as or less outside diameter and is not
amended by Amdt. 195–34, 50 FR 34474, Aug. tested to yield under this paragraph,
26, 1985; Amdt. 195–173, 66 FR 67004, Dec. 27, 200 p.s.i. (1379 kPa) gage.
2001] (2) The design pressure of any other
component of the pipeline.
§ 195.405 Protection against ignitions (3) Eighty percent of the test pres-
and safe access/egress involving sure for any part of the pipeline which
floating roofs. has been pressure tested under subpart
(a) After October 2, 2000, protection E of this part.
provided against ignitions arising out (4) Eighty percent of the factory test
of static electricity, lightning, and pressure or of the prototype test pres-
stray currents during operation and sure for any individually installed
maintenance activities involving component which is excepted from
aboveground breakout tanks must be testing under § 195.305.
in accordance with API Recommended (5) For pipelines under §§ 195.302(b)(1)
Practice 2003, unless the operator notes and (b)(2)(i) that have not been pres-
in the procedural manual (§ 195.402(c)) sure tested under subpart E of this
why compliance with all or certain pro- part, 80 percent of the test pressure or
visions of API Recommended Practice highest operating pressure to which
2003 is not necessary for the safety of a the pipeline was subjected for 4 or more
particular breakout tank. continuous hours that can be dem-
(b) The hazards associated with ac- onstrated by recording charts or logs
cess/egress onto floating roofs of in- made at the time the test or operations
service aboveground breakout tanks to were conducted.
perform inspection, service, mainte- (b) No operator may permit the pres-
nance or repair activities (other than sure in a pipeline during surges or
specified general considerations, speci- other variations from normal oper-
fied routine tasks or entering tanks re- ations to exceed 110 percent of the op-
moved from service for cleaning) are erating pressure limit established
addressed in API Publication 2026. under paragraph (a) of this section.
After October 2, 2000, the operator must Each operator must provide adequate
207
§ 195.408 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
controls and protective equipment to ters at least 1 inch (25 millimeters)

control the pressure within this limit. high with an approximate stroke of 1⁄4
inch (6.4 millimeters).
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
amended by Amdt. 195–33, 50 FR 15899, Apr. (ii) The name of the operator and a
23, 1985; 50 FR 38660, Sept. 24, 1985; Amdt. 195– telephone number (including area code)
51, 59 FR 29385, June 7, 1994; Amdt. 195–52, 59 where the operator can be reached at
FR 33397, June 28, 1994; Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR all times.
37506, July 13, 1998; Amdt. 195–65, 63 FR 59480, (b) Line markers are not required for
Nov. 4, 1998] buried pipelines located—
(1) Offshore or at crossings of or
§ 195.408 Communications. under waterways and other bodies of
(a) Each operator must have a com- water; or
munication system to provide for the (2) In heavily developed urban areas
transmission of information needed for such as downtown business centers
the safe operation of its pipeline sys- where—
tem. (i) The placement of markers is im-
(b) The communication system re- practical and would not serve the pur-
quired by paragraph (a) of this section pose for which markers are intended;
must, as a minimum, include means and
for: (ii) The local government maintains
(1) Monitoring operational data as re- current substructure records.
quired by § 195.402(c)(9); (c) Each operator shall provide line
(2) Receiving notices from operator marking at locations where the line is
personnel, the public, and public au- above ground in areas that are acces-
thorities of abnormal or emergency sible to the public.
conditions and sending this informa-
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
tion to appropriate personnel or gov-
amended by Amdt. 195–27, 48 FR 25208, June
ernment agencies for corrective action; 6, 1983; Amdt. 195–54, 60 FR 14650, Mar. 20,
(3) Conducting two-way vocal com- 1995; Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July 13, 1998]
munication between a control center
and the scene of abnormal operations § 195.412 Inspection of rights-of-way
and emergencies; and and crossings under navigable wa-
(4) Providing communication with ters.
fire, police, and other appropriate pub- (a) Each operator shall, at intervals
lic officials during emergency condi- not exceeding 3 weeks, but at least 26
tions, including a natural disaster. times each calendar year, inspect the
surface conditions on or adjacent to
§ 195.410 Line markers. each pipeline right-of-way. Methods of
(a) Except as provided in paragraph inspection include walking, driving,
(b) of this section, each operator shall flying or other appropriate means of
place and maintain line markers over traversing the right-of-way.
each buried pipeline in accordance with (b) Except for offshore pipelines, each
the following: operator shall, at intervals not exceed-
(1) Markers must be located at each ing 5 years, inspect each crossing under
public road crossing, at each railroad a navigable waterway to determine the
crossing, and in sufficient number condition of the crossing.
along the remainder of each buried line [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
so that its location is accurately amended by Amdt. 195–24, 47 FR 46852, Oct.
known. 21, 1982; Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33397, June 28,
(2) The marker must state at least 1994]
the following on a background of
sharply contrasting color: § 195.413 Underwater inspection and
(i) The word ‘‘Warning,’’ ‘‘Caution,’’ reburial of pipelines in the Gulf of
or ‘‘Danger’’ followed by the words Mexico and its inlets.
‘‘Petroleum (or the name of the haz- (a) Except for gathering lines of 41⁄2
ardous liquid transported) Pipeline’’, or inches (114mm) nominal outside diame-
‘‘Carbon Dioxide Pipeline,’’ all of ter or smaller, each operator shall pre-
which, except for markers in heavily pare and follow a procedure to identify
developed urban areas, must be in let- its pipelines in the Gulf of Mexico and
208
its inlets in waters less than 15 feet (4.6 §§ 195.414–195.418 [Reserved]

meters) deep as measured from mean
low water that are at risk of being an § 195.420 Valve maintenance.
exposed underwater pipeline or a haz- (a) Each operator shall maintain
ard to navigation. The procedures must each valve that is necessary for the
be in effect August 10, 2005. safe operation of its pipeline systems
(b) Each operator shall conduct ap- in good working order at all times.
propriate periodic underwater inspec- (b) Each operator shall, at intervals
tions of its pipelines in the Gulf of not exceeding 71⁄2 months, but at least
Mexico and its inlets in waters less twice each calendar year, inspect each
than 15 feet (4.6 meters) deep as meas- mainline valve to determine that it is
functioning properly.
ured from mean low water based on the
(c) Each operator shall provide pro-
identified risk.
tection for each valve from unauthor-
(c) If an operator discovers that its ized operation and from vandalism.
pipeline is an exposed underwater pipe-
line or poses a hazard to navigation, [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47
the operator shall— 195–24, 47 FR 46852, Oct. 21, 1982]
(1) Promptly, but not later than 24
hours after discovery, notify the Na- § 195.422 Pipeline repairs.
tional Response Center, telephone: 1– (a) Each operator shall, in repairing
800–424–8802, of the location and, if its pipeline systems, insure that the re-
available, the geographic coordinates pairs are made in a safe manner and
of that pipeline. are made so as to prevent damage to
(2) Promptly, but not later than 7 persons or property.
days after discovery, mark the location (b) No operator may use any pipe,
of the pipeline in accordance with 33 valve, or fitting, for replacement in re-
CFR Part 64 at the ends of the pipeline pairing pipeline facilities, unless it is
segment and at intervals of not over designed and constructed as required
500 yards (457 meters) long, except that by this part.
a pipeline segment less than 200 yards
§ 195.424 Pipe movement.
(183 meters) long need only be marked
at the center; and (a) No operator may move any line
(3) Within 6 months after discovery, pipe, unless the pressure in the line
section involved is reduced to not more
or not later than November 1 of the fol-
than 50 percent of the maximum oper-
lowing year if the 6 month period is
ating pressure.
later than November 1 of the year of (b) No operator may move any pipe-
discovery, bury the pipeline so that the line containing highly volatile liquids
top of the pipe is 36 inches (914 milli- where materials in the line section in-
meters) below the underwater natural volved are joined by welding unless—
bottom (as determined by recognized (1) Movement when the pipeline does
and generally accepted practices) for not contain highly volatile liquids is
normal excavation or 18 inches (457 impractical;
millimeters) for rock excavation. (2) The procedures of the operator
(i) An operator may employ engi- under § 195.402 contain precautions to
neered alternatives to burial that meet protect the public against the hazard
or exceed the level of protection pro- in moving pipelines containing highly
vided by burial. volatile liquids, including the use of
(ii) If an operator cannot obtain re- warnings, where necessary, to evacuate
quired state or Federal permits in time the area close to the pipeline; and
to comply with this section, it must (3) The pressure in that line section
is reduced to the lower of the fol-
notify OPS; specify whether the re-
lowing:
quired permit is State or Federal; and,
(i) Fifty percent or less of the max-
justify the delay. imum operating pressure; or
[Amdt. 195–82, 69 FR 48407, Aug. 10, 2004] (ii) The lowest practical level that
will maintain the highly volatile liquid
in a liquid state with continuous flow,
209
§ 195.426 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
but not less than 50 p.s.i. (345 kPa) gage October 2, 2000, must have an overfill
above the vapor pressure of the com- protection system installed according
modity. to section 5.1.2 of API Standard 2510.
(c) No operator may move any pipe- Other aboveground breakout tanks
line containing highly volatile liquids with 600 gallons (2271 liters) or more of
where materials in the line section in- storage capacity that are constructed
volved are not joined by welding un- or significantly altered after October 2,
less— 2000, must have an overfill protection
(1) The operator complies with para- system installed according to API Rec-
graphs (b) (1) and (2) of this section; ommended Practice 2350. However, op-
and erators need not comply with any part
(2) That line section is isolated to of API Recommended Practice 2350 for
prevent the flow of highly volatile liq- a particular breakout tank if the oper-
uid. ator notes in the manual required by
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 46 § 195.402 why compliance with that part
FR 38922, July 30, 1981, as amended by Amdt. is not necessary for safety of the tank.
195–63, 63 FR 37506, July 13, 1998] (d) After October 2, 2000, the require-
ments of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this
§ 195.426 Scraper and sphere facilities. section for inspection and testing of
No operator may use a launcher or pressure control equipment apply to
receiver that is not equipped with a re- the inspection and testing of overfill
lief device capable of safely relieving protection systems.
pressure in the barrel before insertion [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
or removal of scrapers or spheres. The amended by Amdt. 195–24, 47 FR 46852, Oct.
operator must use a suitable device to 21, 1982; Amdt. 195–66, 64 FR 15936, Apr. 2,
indicate that pressure has been re- 1999]
lieved in the barrel or must provide a
means to prevent insertion or removal § 195.430 Firefighting equipment.
of scrapers or spheres if pressure has Each operator shall maintain ade-
not been relieved in the barrel. quate firefighting equipment at each
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47 pump station and breakout tank area.
FR 32721, July 29, 1982] The equipment must be—
(a) In proper operating condition at
§ 195.428 Overpressure safety devices all times;
and overfill protection systems. (b) Plainly marked so that its iden-
(a) Except as provided in paragraph tity as firefighting equipment is clear;
(b) of this section, each operator shall, and
at intervals not exceeding 15 months, (c) Located so that it is easily acces-
but at least once each calendar year, or sible during a fire.
in the case of pipelines used to carry
highly volatile liquids, at intervals not § 195.432 Inspection of in-service
to exceed 71⁄2 months, but at least twice breakout tanks.
each calendar year, inspect and test (a) Except for breakout tanks in-
each pressure limiting device, relief spected under paragraphs (b) and (c) of
valve, pressure regulator, or other item this section, each operator shall, at in-
of pressure control equipment to deter- tervals not exceeding 15 months, but at
mine that it is functioning properly, is least once each calendar year, inspect
in good mechanical condition, and is each in-service breakout tank.
adequate from the standpoint of capac- (b) Each operator shall inspect the
ity and reliability of operation for the physical integrity of in-service atmos-
service in which it is used. pheric and low-pressure steel above-
(b) In the case of relief valves on ground breakout tanks according to
pressure breakout tanks containing section 4 of API Standard 653. However,
highly volatile liquids, each operator if structural conditions prevent access
shall test each valve at intervals not to the tank bottom, the bottom integ-
exceeding 5 years. rity may be assessed according to a
(c) Aboveground breakout tanks that plan included in the operations and
are constructed or significantly altered maintenance manual under
according to API Standard 2510 after § 195.402(c)(3).
210
(c) Each operator shall inspect the sions of the recommended practice is
physical integrity of in-service steel not practicable and not necessary for
aboveground breakout tanks built to safety.
API Standard 2510 according to section (d) The operator’s program must spe-
6 of API 510. cifically include provisions to educate
(d) The intervals of inspection speci- the public, appropriate government or-
fied by documents referenced in para- ganizations, and persons engaged in ex-
graphs (b) and (c) of this section begin cavation related activities on:
on May 3, 1999, or on the operator’s last (1) Use of a one-call notification sys-
recorded date of the inspection, which- tem prior to excavation and other dam-
ever is earlier. age prevention activities;
(2) Possible hazards associated with
[Amdt. 195–66, 64 FR 15936, Apr. 2, 1999]
unintended releases from a hazardous
§ 195.434 Signs. liquid or carbon dioxide pipeline facil-
ity;
Each operator must maintain signs (3) Physical indications that such a
visible to the public around each pump- release may have occurred;
ing station and breakout tank area. (4) Steps that should be taken for
Each sign must contain the name of public safety in the event of a haz-
the operator and a telephone number ardous liquid or carbon dioxide pipeline
(including area code) where the oper- release; and
ator can be reached at all times. (5) Procedures to report such an
[Amdt. 195–78, 68 FR 53528, Sept. 11, 2003] event.
(e) The program must include activi-
§ 195.436 Security of facilities. ties to advise affected municipalities,
Each operator shall provide protec- school districts, businesses, and resi-
tion for each pumping station and dents of pipeline facility locations.
breakout tank area and other exposed (f) The program and the media used
facility (such as scraper traps) from must be as comprehensive as necessary
vandalism and unauthorized entry. to reach all areas in which the operator
transports hazardous liquid or carbon
§ 195.438 Smoking or open flames. dioxide.
Each operator shall prohibit smoking (g) The program must be conducted
and open flames in each pump station in English and in other languages com-
area and each breakout tank area monly understood by a significant
where there is a possibility of the leak- number and concentration of the non-
age of a flammable hazardous liquid or English speaking population in the op-
of the presence of flammable vapors. erator’s area.
(h) Operators in existence on June 20,
§ 195.440 Public awareness. 2005, must have completed their writ-
ten programs no later than June 20,
(a) Each pipeline operator must de-
2006. Upon request, operators must sub-
velop and implement a written con-
mit their completed programs to
tinuing public education program that
PHMSA or, in the case of an intrastate
follows the guidance provided in the
pipeline facility operator, the appro-
American Petroleum Institute’s (API)
priate State agency.
Recommended Practice (RP) 1162 (in-
(i) The operator’s program docu-
corporated by reference, see § 195.3).
mentation and evaluation results must
(b) The operator’s program must fol-
be available for periodic review by ap-
low the general program recommenda-
propriate regulatory agencies.
tions of API RP 1162 and assess the
unique attributes and characteristics [Amdt. 195–84, 70 FR 28843, May 19, 2005]
of the operator’s pipeline and facilities.
(c) The operator must follow the gen- § 195.442 Damage prevention program.
eral program recommendations, includ- (a) Except as provided in paragraph
ing baseline and supplemental require- (d) of this section, each operator of a
ments of API RP 1162, unless the oper- buried pipeline must carry out, in ac-
ator provides justification in its pro- cordance with this section, a written
gram or procedural manual as to why program to prevent damage to that
compliance with all or certain provi- pipeline from excavation activities.
211
§ 195.444 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
For the purpose of this section, the of the following as often as needed to
term ‘‘excavation activities’’ includes make them aware of the damage pre-
excavation, blasting, boring, tunneling, vention program:
backfilling, the removal of above- (i) The program’s existence and pur-
ground structures by either explosive pose; and
or mechanical means, and other (ii) How to learn the location of un-
earthmoving operations. derground pipelines before excavation
(b) An operator may comply with any activities are begun.
of the requirements of paragraph (c) of (3) Provide a means of receiving and
this section through participation in a recording notification of planned exca-
public service program, such as a one- vation activities.
call system, but such participation (4) If the operator has buried pipe-
does not relieve the operator of the re- lines in the area of excavation activity,
sponsibility for compliance with this provide for actual notification of per-
section. However, an operator must sons who give notice of their intent to
perform the duties of paragraph (c)(3) excavate of the type of temporary
of this section through participation in marking to be provided and how to
a one-call system, if that one-call sys- identify the markings.
tem is a qualified one-call system. In (5) Provide for temporary marking of
areas that are covered by more than buried pipelines in the area of exca-
one qualified one-call system, an oper- vation activity before, as far as prac-
ator need only join one of the qualified tical, the activity begins.
one-call systems if there is a central (6) Provide as follows for inspection
telephone number for excavators to of pipelines that an operator has rea-
call for excavation activities, or if the son to believe could be damaged by ex-
one-call systems in those areas com- cavation activities:
municate with one another. An opera- (i) The inspection must be done as
tor’s pipeline system must be covered frequently as necessary during and
by a qualified one-call system where after the activities to verify the integ-
there is one in place. For the purpose rity of the pipeline; and
of this section, a one-call system is (ii) In the case of blasting, any in-
considered a ‘‘qualified one-call sys- spection must include leakage surveys.
tem’’ if it meets the requirements of (d) A damage prevention program
section (b)(1) or (b)(2) or this section. under this section is not required for
(1) The state has adopted a one-call the following pipelines:
damage prevention program under (1) Pipelines located offshore.
§ 198.37 of this chapter; or (2) Pipelines to which access is phys-
(2) The one-call system: ically controlled by the operator.
(i) Is operated in accordance with
§ 198.39 of this chapter; [Amdt. 195–54, 60 FR 14651, Mar. 20, 1995, as
amended by Amdt. 195–60, 62 FR 61699, Nov.
(ii) Provides a pipeline operator an
19, 1997]
opportunity similar to a voluntary par-
ticipant to have a part in management § 195.444 CPM leak detection.
responsibilities; and
(iii) Assesses a participating pipeline Each computational pipeline moni-
operator a fee that is proportionate to toring (CPM) leak detection system in-
the costs of the one-call system’s cov- stalled on a hazardous liquid pipeline
erage of the operator’s pipeline. transporting liquid in single phase
(c) The damage prevention program (without gas in the liquid) must com-
required by paragraph (a) of this sec- ply with API 1130 in operating, main-
tion must, at a minimum: taining, testing, record keeping, and
(1) Include the identity, on a current dispatcher training of the system.
basis, of persons who normally engage [Amdt. 195–62, 63 FR 36376, July 6, 1998]
in excavation activities in the area in
which the pipeline is located. HIGH CONSEQUENCE AREAS
(2) Provides for notification of the
public in the vicinity of the pipeline § 195.450 Definitions.

and actual notification of persons iden- The following definitions apply to
tified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section this section and § 195.452:
212
Emergency flow restricting device or or operated by an operator who owned

EFRD means a check valve or remote or operated a total of 500 or more miles
control valve as follows: of pipeline subject to this part.
(1) Check valve means a valve that (2) Category 2 includes pipelines ex-
permits fluid to flow freely in one di- isting on May 29, 2001, that were owned
rection and contains a mechanism to or operated by an operator who owned
automatically prevent flow in the or operated less than 500 miles of pipe-
other direction. line subject to this part.
(2) Remote control valve or RCV means (3) Category 3 includes pipelines con-
any valve that is operated from a loca- structed or converted after May 29,
tion remote from where the valve is in- 2001.
stalled. The RCV is usually operated by (b) What program and practices must
the supervisory control and data acqui- operators use to manage pipeline integ-
sition (SCADA) system. The linkage rity? Each operator of a pipeline cov-
between the pipeline control center and ered by this section must:
the RCV may be by fiber optics, micro- (1) Develop a written integrity man-
wave, telephone lines, or satellite. agement program that addresses the
High consequence area means: risks on each segment of pipeline in
(1) A commercially navigable waterway, the first column of the following table
which means a waterway where a sub- not later than the date in the second
stantial likelihood of commercial navi- column:
gation exists;
(2) A high population area, which Pipeline Date
means an urbanized area, as defined Category 1 ............................. March 31, 2002.
and delineated by the Census Bureau, Category 2 ............................. February 18, 2003.
that contains 50,000 or more people and Category 3 ............................. 1 year after the date the
has a population density of at least pipeline begins operation.
1,000 people per square mile;
(3) An other populated area, which (2) Include in the program an identi-
means a place, as defined and delin- fication of each pipeline or pipeline
eated by the Census Bureau, that con- segment in the first column of the fol-
tains a concentrated population, such lowing table not later than the date in
as an incorporated or unincorporated the second column:
city, town, village, or other designated Pipeline Date
residential or commercial area;
(4) An unusually sensitive area, as de- Category 1 ............................. December 31, 2001.
Category 2 ............................. November 18, 2002.
fined in § 195.6. Category 3 ............................. Date the pipeline begins op-
[Amdt. 195–70, 65 FR 75405, Dec. 1, 2000] eration.
PIPELINE INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT (3) Include in the program a plan to

carry out baseline assessments of line
§ 195.452 Pipeline integrity manage- pipe as required by paragraph (c) of
ment in high consequence areas. this section.
(a) Which pipelines are covered by this (4) Include in the program a frame-
section? This section applies to each work that—
hazardous liquid pipeline and carbon (i) Addresses each element of the in-
dioxide pipeline that could affect a tegrity management program under
high consequence area, including any paragraph (f) of this section, including
pipeline located in a high consequence continual integrity assessment and
area unless the operator effectively evaluation under paragraph (j) of this
demonstrates by risk assessment that section; and
the pipeline could not affect the area. (ii) Initially indicates how decisions
(Appendix C of this part provides guid- will be made to implement each ele-
ance on determining if a pipeline could ment.
affect a high consequence area.) Cov- (5) Implement and follow the pro-
ered pipelines are categorized as fol- gram.
lows: (6) Follow recognized industry prac-

(1) Category 1 includes pipelines ex- tices in carrying out this section, un-
isting on May 29, 2001, that were owned less—
213
§ 195.452 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(i) This section specifies otherwise; (C) External corrosion direct assess-
or ment in accordance with § 195.588; or
(ii) The operator demonstrates that (D) Other technology that the oper-
an alternative practice is supported by ator demonstrates can provide an
a reliable engineering evaluation and equivalent understanding of the condi-
provides an equivalent level of public tion of the line pipe. An operator
safety and environmental protection. choosing this option must notify the
(c) What must be in the baseline assess- Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) 90 days
ment plan? (1) An operator must include before conducting the assessment, by
each of the following elements in its sending a notice to the address or fac-
written baseline assessment plan: simile number specified in paragraph
(i) The methods selected to assess the (m) of this section.
integrity of the line pipe. An operator
(ii) A schedule for completing the in-
must assess the integrity of the line
tegrity assessment;
pipe by any of the following methods.
The methods an operator selects to as- (iii) An explanation of the assess-
sess low frequency electric resistance ment methods selected and evaluation
welded pipe or lap welded pipe suscep- of risk factors considered in estab-
tible to longitudinal seam failure must lishing the assessment schedule.
be capable of assessing seam integrity (2) An operator must document, prior
and of detecting corrosion and defor- to implementing any changes to the
mation anomalies. plan, any modification to the plan, and
(A) Internal inspection tool or tools reasons for the modification.
capable of detecting corrosion and de- (d) When must operators complete base-
formation anomalies including dents, line assessments? Operators must com-
gouges and grooves; plete baseline assessments as follows:
(B) Pressure test conducted in ac- (1) Time periods. Complete assess-
cordance with subpart E of this part; ments before the following deadlines:
Then complete baseline assessments not And assess at least 50 percent of the line
If the pipeline is: later than the following date according to a pipe on an expedited basis, beginning with
schedule that prioritizes assessments: the highest risk pipe, not later than:
Category 1 ................................ March 31, 2008 ................................................ September 30, 2004.

Category 2 ................................ February 17, 2009 ........................................... August 16, 2005.
Category 3 ................................ Date the pipeline begins operation .................. Not applicable.
(2) Prior assessment. To satisfy the re- around a pipeline segment has changed
quirements of paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this so as to fall within the definition in
section for pipelines in the first col- § 195.450 of a high population area or
umn of the following table, operators other populated area, the operator
may use integrity assessments con- must incorporate the area into its
ducted after the date in the second col- baseline assessment plan as a high con-
umn, if the integrity assessment meth- sequence area within one year from the
od complies with this section. However, date the area is identified. An operator
if an operator uses this prior assess- must complete the baseline assessment
ment as its baseline assessment, the of any line pipe that could affect the
operator must reassess the line pipe ac- newly-identified high consequence area
cording to paragraph (j)(3) of this sec- within five years from the date the
tion. The table follows: area is identified.
(ii) An operator must incorporate a
Pipeline Date
new unusually sensitive area into its
Category 1 ............................. January 1, 1996. baseline assessment plan within one
Category 2 ............................. February 15, 1997. year from the date the area is identi-
fied. An operator must complete the
(3) Newly-identified areas. (i) When in- baseline assessment of any line pipe
formation is available from the infor- that could affect the newly-identified
mation analysis (see paragraph (g) of high consequence area within five
this section), or from Census Bureau years from the date the area is identi-
maps, that the population density fied.
214
(e) What are the risk factors for estab- sequences of a failure (see paragraph
lishing an assessment schedule (for both (g) of this section);
the baseline and continual integrity as- (4) Criteria for remedial actions to
sessments)? (1) An operator must estab- address integrity issues raised by the
lish an integrity assessment schedule assessment methods and information
that prioritizes pipeline segments for analysis (see paragraph (h) of this sec-
assessment (see paragraphs (d)(1) and tion);
(j)(3) of this section). An operator must (5) A continual process of assessment
base the assessment schedule on all and evaluation to maintain a pipeline’s
risk factors that reflect the risk condi- integrity (see paragraph (j) of this sec-
tions on the pipeline segment. The fac- tion);
tors an operator must consider include, (6) Identification of preventive and
but are not limited to: mitigative measures to protect the
(i) Results of the previous integrity high consequence area (see paragraph
assessment, defect type and size that (i) of this section);
the assessment method can detect, and (7) Methods to measure the program’s
defect growth rate; effectiveness (see paragraph (k) of this
(ii) Pipe size, material, manufac- section);
turing information, coating type and (8) A process for review of integrity
condition, and seam type; assessment results and information
(iii) Leak history, repair history and analysis by a person qualified to evalu-
cathodic protection history; ate the results and information (see
(iv) Product transported; paragraph (h)(2) of this section).
(v) Operating stress level; (g) What is an information analysis? In
(vi) Existing or projected activities periodically evaluating the integrity of
in the area; each pipeline segment (paragraph (j) of
(vii) Local environmental factors this section), an operator must analyze
that could affect the pipeline (e.g., all available information about the in-
corrosivity of soil, subsidence, cli- tegrity of the entire pipeline and the
matic); consequences of a failure. This infor-
(viii) geo-technical hazards; and mation includes:
(ix) Physical support of the segment (1) Information critical to deter-
such as by a cable suspension bridge. mining the potential for, and pre-
(2) Appendix C of this part provides venting, damage due to excavation, in-
further guidance on risk factors. cluding current and planned damage
(f) What are the elements of an integrity prevention activities, and development
management program? An integrity or planned development along the pipe-
management program begins with the line segment;
initial framework. An operator must (2) Data gathered through the integ-
continually change the program to re- rity assessment required under this
flect operating experience, conclusions section;
drawn from results of the integrity as- (3) Data gathered in conjunction with
sessments, and other maintenance and other inspections, tests, surveillance
surveillance data, and evaluation of and patrols required by this Part, in-
consequences of a failure on the high cluding, corrosion control monitoring
consequence area. An operator must in- and cathodic protection surveys; and
clude, at minimum, each of the fol- (4) Information about how a failure
lowing elements in its written integ- would affect the high consequence
rity management program: area, such as location of the water in-
(1) A process for identifying which take.
pipeline segments could affect a high (h) What actions must an operator take
consequence area; to address integrity issues?—(1) General
(2) A baseline assessment plan meet- requirements. An operator must take
ing the requirements of paragraph (c) prompt action to address all anomalous
of this section; conditions the operator discovers
(3) An analysis that integrates all through the integrity assessment or in-
available information about the integ- formation analysis. In addressing all
rity of the entire pipeline and the con- conditions, an operator must evaluate
215
§ 195.452 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
all anomalous conditions and reme- ditions. An operator must calculate the
diate those that could reduce a pipe- temporary reduction in operating pres-
line’s integrity. An operator must be sure using the formula in section 451.7
able to demonstrate that the remedi- of ASME/ANSI B31.4 (incorportaed by
ation of the condition will ensure the reference, see § 195.3). An operator must
condition is unlikely to pose a threat treat the following conditions as im-
to the long-term integrity of the pipe- mediate repair conditions:
line. An operator must comply with (A) Metal loss greater than 80% of
§ 195.422 when making a repair. nominal wall regardless of dimensions.
(i) Temporary pressure reduction. An (B) A calculation of the remaining
operator must notify PHMSA, in ac- strength of the pipe shows a predicted
cordance with paragraph (m) of this burst pressure less than the established
section, if the operator cannot meet maximum operating pressure at the lo-
the schedule for evaluation and reme- cation of the anomaly. Suitable re-
diation required under paragraph (h)(3) maining strength calculation methods
of this section and cannot provide safe- include, but are not limited to, ASME/
ty through a temporary reduction in ANSI B31G (‘‘Manual for Determining
operating pressure. the Remaining Strength of Corroded
(ii) Long-term pressure reduction. When Pipelines’’ (1991) or AGA Pipeline Re-
a pressure reduction exceeds 365 days, search Committee Project PR–3–805
the operator must notify PHMSA in ac- (‘‘A Modified Criterion for Evaluating
cordance with paragraph (m) of this the Remaining Strength of Corroded
section and explain the reasons for the Pipe’’ (December 1989)). These docu-
delay. An operator must also take fur- ments are incorporated by reference
ther remedial action to ensure the safe- and are available at the addresses list-
ty of the pipeline. ed in § 195.3.
(2) Discovery of condition. Discovery of
(C) A dent located on the top of the
a condition occurs when an operator
pipeline (above the 4 and 8 o’clock posi-
has adequate information about the
tions) that has any indication of metal
condition to determine that the condi-
loss, cracking or a stress riser.
tion presents a potential threat to the
(D) A dent located on the top of the
integrity of the pipeline. An operator
pipeline (above the 4 and 8 o’clock posi-
must promptly, but no later than 180
tions) with a depth greater than 6% of
days after an integrity assessment, ob-
the nominal pipe diameter.
tain sufficient information about a
condition to make that determination, (E) An anomaly that in the judgment
unless the operator can demonstrate of the person designated by the oper-
that the 180-day period is impracti- ator to evaluate the assessment results
cable. requires immediate action.
(3) Schedule for evaluation and remedi- (ii) 60-day conditions. Except for con-
ation. An operator must complete re- ditions listed in paragraph (h)(4)(i) of
mediation of a condition according to a this section, an operator must schedule
schedule prioritizing the conditions for evaluation and remediation of the fol-
evaluation and remediation. If an oper- lowing conditions within 60 days of dis-
ator cannot meet the schedule for any covery of condition.
condition, the operator must explain (A) A dent located on the top of the
the reasons why it cannot meet the pipeline (above the 4 and 8 o’clock posi-
schedule and how the changed schedule tions) with a depth greater than 3% of
will not jeopardize public safety or en- the pipeline diameter (greater than
vironmental protection. 0.250 inches in depth for a pipeline di-
(4) Special requirements for scheduling ameter less than Nominal Pipe Size
remediation—(i) Immediate repair condi- (NPS) 12).
tions. An operator’s evaluation and re- (B) A dent located on the bottom of
mediation schedule must provide for the pipeline that has any indication of
immediate repair conditions. To main- metal loss, cracking or a stress riser.
tain safety, an operator must tempo- (iii) 180-day conditions. Except for
rarily reduce operating pressure or conditions listed in paragraph (h)(4)(i)

shut down the pipeline until the oper- or (ii) of this section, an operator must
ator completes the repair of these con- schedule evaluation and remediation of
216
the following within 180 days of dis- part contains guidance concerning
covery of the condition: other conditions that an operator
(A) A dent with a depth greater than should evaluate.
2% of the pipeline’s diameter (0.250 (i) What preventive and mitigative
inches in depth for a pipeline diameter measures must an operator take to protect
less than NPS 12) that affects pipe cur- the high consequence area?—(1) General
vature at a girth weld or a longitudinal requirements. An operator must take
seam weld. measures to prevent and mitigate the
(B) A dent located on the top of the consequences of a pipeline failure that
pipeline (above 4 and 8 o’clock posi- could affect a high consequence area.
tion) with a depth greater than 2% of These measures include conducting a
the pipeline’s diameter (0.250 inches in risk analysis of the pipeline segment to
depth for a pipeline diameter less than identify additional actions to enhance
NPS 12). public safety or environmental protec-
(C) A dent located on the bottom of tion. Such actions may include, but are
the pipeline with a depth greater than not limited to, implementing damage
6% of the pipeline’s diameter. prevention best practices, better moni-
(D) A calculation of the remaining toring of cathodic protection where
strength of the pipe shows an operating corrosion is a concern, establishing
pressure that is less than the current shorter inspection intervals, installing
established maximum operating pres- EFRDs on the pipeline segment, modi-
sure at the location of the anomaly. fying the systems that monitor pres-
Suitable remaining strength calcula- sure and detect leaks, providing addi-
tion methods include, but are not lim- tional training to personnel on re-
ited to, ASME/ANSI B31G (‘‘Manual for sponse procedures, conducting drills
Determining the Remaining Strength with local emergency responders and
of Corroded Pipelines’’ (1991)) or AGA adopting other management controls.
Pipeline Research Committee Project (2) Risk analysis criteria. In identi-
PR–3–805 (‘‘A Modified Criterion for fying the need for additional preven-
Evaluating the Remaining Strength of tive and mitigative measures, an oper-
Corroded Pipe’’ (December 1989)). These ator must evaluate the likelihood of a
documents are incorporated by ref- pipeline release occurring and how a
erence and are available at the address- release could affect the high con-
es listed in § 195.3. sequence area. This determination
(E) An area of general corrosion with must consider all relevant risk factors,
a predicted metal loss greater than 50% including, but not limited to:
of nominal wall. (i) Terrain surrounding the pipeline
(F) Predicted metal loss greater than segment, including drainage systems
50% of nominal wall that is located at such as small streams and other small-
a crossing of another pipeline, or is in er waterways that could act as a con-
an area with widespread circumferen- duit to the high consequence area;
tial corrosion, or is in an area that (ii) Elevation profile;
could affect a girth weld. (iii) Characteristics of the product
(G) A potential crack indication that transported;
when excavated is determined to be a (iv) Amount of product that could be
crack. released;
(H) Corrosion of or along a longitu- (v) Possibility of a spillage in a farm
dinal seam weld. field following the drain tile into a wa-
(I) A gouge or groove greater than terway;
12.5% of nominal wall. (vi) Ditches along side a roadway the
(iv) Other conditions. In addition to pipeline crosses;
the conditions listed in paragraphs (vii) Physical support of the pipeline
(h)(4)(i) through (iii) of this section, an segment such as by a cable suspension
operator must evaluate any condition bridge;
identified by an integrity assessment (viii) Exposure of the pipeline to op-
or information analysis that could im- erating pressure exceeding established
pair the integrity of the pipeline, and maximum operating pressure.

as appropriate, schedule the condition (3) Leak detection. An operator must
for remediation. Appendix C of this have a means to detect leaks on its
217
§ 195.452 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
pipeline system. An operator must assessing the line pipe’s integrity. An

evaluate the capability of its leak de- operator must base the assessment in-
tection means and modify, as nec- tervals on the risk the line pipe poses
essary, to protect the high consequence to the high consequence area to deter-
area. An operator’s evaluation must, at mine the priority for assessing the
least, consider, the following factors— pipeline segments. An operator must
length and size of the pipeline, type of establish the assessment intervals
product carried, the pipeline’s prox- based on the factors specified in para-
imity to the high consequence area, graph (e) of this section, the analysis of
the swiftness of leak detection, loca- the results from the last integrity as-
tion of nearest response personnel, leak sessment, and the information analysis
history, and risk assessment results. required by paragraph (g) of this sec-
(4) Emergency Flow Restricting Devices tion.
(EFRD). If an operator determines that (4) Variance from the 5-year intervals in
an EFRD is needed on a pipeline seg- limited situations—(i) Engineering basis.
ment to protect a high consequence An operator may be able to justify an
area in the event of a hazardous liquid engineering basis for a longer assess-
pipeline release, an operator must in- ment interval on a segment of line
stall the EFRD. In making this deter- pipe. The justification must be sup-
mination, an operator must, at least, ported by a reliable engineering eval-
consider the following factors—the uation combined with the use of other
swiftness of leak detection and pipeline technology, such as external moni-
shutdown capabilities, the type of com-
toring technology, that provides an un-
modity carried, the rate of potential
derstanding of the condition of the line
leakage, the volume that can be re-
pipe equivalent to that which can be
leased, topography or pipeline profile,
obtained from the assessment methods
the potential for ignition, proximity to
allowed in paragraph (j)(5) of this sec-
power sources, location of nearest re-
tion. An operator must notify OPS 270
sponse personnel, specific terrain be-
days before the end of the five-year (or
tween the pipeline segment and the
less) interval of the justification for a
high consequence area, and benefits ex-
longer interval, and propose an alter-
pected by reducing the spill size.
native interval. An operator must send
(j) What is a continual process of eval-
uation and assessment to maintain a pipe- the notice to the address specified in
line’s integrity?—(1) General. After com- paragraph (m) of this section.
pleting the baseline integrity assess- (ii) Unavailable technology. An oper-
ment, an operator must continue to as- ator may require a longer assessment
sess the line pipe at specified intervals period for a segment of line pipe (for
and periodically evaluate the integrity example, because sophisticated inter-
of each pipeline segment that could af- nal inspection technology is not avail-
fect a high consequence area. able). An operator must justify the rea-
(2) Evaluation. An operator must con- sons why it cannot comply with the re-
duct a periodic evaluation as fre- quired assessment period and must also
quently as needed to assure pipeline in- demonstrate the actions it is taking to
tegrity. An operator must base the fre- evaluate the integrity of the pipeline
quency of evaluation on risk factors segment in the interim. An operator
specific to its pipeline, including the must notify OPS 180 days before the
factors specified in paragraph (e) of end of the five-year (or less) interval
this section. The evaluation must con- that the operator may require a longer
sider the results of the baseline and assessment interval, and provide an es-
periodic integrity assessments, infor- timate of when the assessment can be
mation analysis (paragraph (g) of this completed. An operator must send a
section), and decisions about remedi- notice to the address specified in para-
ation, and preventive and mitigative graph (m) of this section.
actions (paragraphs (h) and (i) of this (5) Assessment methods. An operator
section). must assess the integrity of the line
(3) Assessment intervals. An operator pipe by any of the following methods.

must establish five-year intervals, not The methods an operator selects to as-
to exceed 68 months, for continually sess low frequency electric resistance
218
welded pipe or lap welded pipe suscep- Pipeline Safety, Pipeline and Haz-
tible to longitudinal seam failure must ardous Materials Safety Administra-
be capable of assessing seam integrity tion, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE.,
and of detecting corrosion and defor- Washington, DC 20590; or
mation anomalies. (3) Sending the notification to the In-
(i) Internal inspection tool or tools formation Resources Manager by fac-
capable of detecting corrosion and de- simile to (202) 366–7128.
formation anomalies including dents, [Amdt. 195–70, 65 FR 75406, Dec. 1, 2000, as
gouges and grooves; amended by Amdt. 195–74, 67 FR 1660, 1661,
(ii) Pressure test conducted in ac- Jan. 14, 2002; Amdt. 195–76, 67 FR 2143, Jan.
cordance with subpart E of this part; 16, 2002; 67 FR 46911, July 17, 2002; 70 FR 11140,
(iii) External corrosion direct assess- Mar. 8, 2005; Amdt. 195–85, 70 FR 61576, Oct.
ment in accordance with § 195.588; or 25, 2005; Amdt. 195–87, 72 FR 39017, July 17,
(iv) Other technology that the oper- 2007; 73 FR 16571, Mar. 28, 2008; 73 FR 31646,
ator demonstrates can provide an June 3, 2008]
equivalent understanding of the condi- EDITORIAL NOTE: By Amdt. 195-87, 72 FR
tion of the line pipe. An operator 39017, July 17, 2007, § 195.452 was amended by
choosing this option must notify OPS revising paragraph (h)(4); however, the
90 days before conducting the assess- amendment could not be incorporated due to
inaccurate amendatory instruction.
ment, by sending a notice to the ad-
dress or facsimile number specified in
paragraph (m) of this section. Subpart G—Qualification of
(k) What methods to measure program Pipeline Personnel
effectiveness must be used? An operator’s
program must include methods to SOURCE: Amdt. 195–67, 64 FR 46866, Aug. 27,
measure whether the program is effec- 1999, unless otherwise noted.
tive in assessing and evaluating the in-
tegrity of each pipeline segment and in § 195.501 Scope.
protecting the high consequence areas. (a) This subpart prescribes the min-
See Appendix C of this part for guid- imum requirements for operator quali-
ance on methods that can be used to fication of individuals performing cov-
evaluate a program’s effectiveness. ered tasks on a pipeline facility.
(l) What records must be kept? (1) An (b) For the purpose of this subpart, a
operator must maintain for review dur- covered task is an activity, identified
ing an inspection: by the operator, that:
(i) A written integrity management (1) Is performed on a pipeline facility;
program in accordance with paragraph (2) Is an operations or maintenance
(b) of this section. task;
(ii) Documents to support the deci- (3) Is performed as a requirement of
sions and analyses, including any this part; and
modifications, justifications, (4) Affects the operation or integrity
variances, deviations and determina- of the pipeline.
tions made, and actions taken, to im-
plement and evaluate each element of § 195.503 Definitions.
the integrity management program Abnormal operating condition means a
listed in paragraph (f) of this section. condition identified by the operator
(2) See Appendix C of this part for ex- that may indicate a malfunction of a
amples of records an operator would be component or deviation from normal
required to keep. operations that may:
(m) How does an operator notify (a) Indicate a condition exceeding de-
PHMSA? An operator must provide any sign limits; or
notification required by this section (b) Result in a hazard(s) to persons,
by: property, or the environment.
(1) Entering the information directly Evaluation means a process, estab-
on the Integrity Management Database lished and documented by the operator,
Web site at http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/ to determine an individual’s ability to
imdb/; perform a covered task by any of the

(2) Sending the notification to the In- following:
formation Resources Manager, Office of (a) Written examination;
219
§ 195.505 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(b) Oral examination; state agency has verified that it com-

(c) Work performance history review; plies with this section.
(d) Observation during:
[Amdt. 195–67, 64 FR 46866, Aug. 27, 1999, as
(1) performance on the job, amended by Amdt. 195–84, 70 FR 10336, Mar. 3,
(2) on the job training, or 2005]
(3) simulations;
(e) Other forms of assessment. § 195.507 Recordkeeping.
Qualified means that an individual
Each operator shall maintain records
has been evaluated and can:
that demonstrate compliance with this
(a) Perform assigned covered tasks
subpart.
and
(b) Recognize and react to abnormal (a) Qualification records shall in-
operating conditions. clude:
(1) Identification of qualified indi-
[Amdt. 195–67, 64 FR 46866, Aug. 27, 1999, as vidual(s);
amended by Amdt. 195–72, 66 FR 43524, Aug.
20, 2001] (2) Identification of the covered tasks
the individual is qualified to perform;
§ 195.505 Qualification program. (3) Date(s) of current qualification;
Each operator shall have and follow a and
written qualification program. The (4) Qualification method(s).
program shall include provisions to: (b) Records supporting an individ-
(a) Identify covered tasks; ual’s current qualification shall be
(b) Ensure through evaluation that maintained while the individual is per-
individuals performing covered tasks forming the covered task. Records of
are qualified; prior qualification and records of indi-
(c) Allow individuals that are not viduals no longer performing covered
qualified pursuant to this subpart to tasks shall be retained for a period of
perform a covered task if directed and five years.
observed by an individual that is quali-
fied; § 195.509 General.
(d) Evaluate an individual if the oper- (a) Operators must have a written
ator has reason to believe that the in- qualification program by April 27, 2001.
dividual’s performance of a covered The program must be available for re-
task contributed to an accident as de- view by the Administrator or by a
fined in Part 195; state agency participating under 49
(e) Evaluate an individual if the oper-
U.S.C. Chapter 601 if the program is
ator has reason to believe that the in-
under the authority of that state agen-
dividual is no longer qualified to per-
cy.
form a covered task;
(f) Communicate changes that affect (b) Operators must complete the
covered tasks to individuals per- qualification of individuals performing
forming those covered tasks; covered tasks by October 28, 2002.
(g) Identify those covered tasks and (c) Work performance history review
the intervals at which evaluation of may be used as a sole evaluation meth-
the individual’s qualifications is need- od for individuals who were performing
ed; a covered task prior to October 26, 1999.
(h) After December 16, 2004, provide (d) After October 28, 2002, work per-
training, as appropriate, to ensure that formance history may not be used as a
individuals performing covered tasks sole evaluation method.
have the necessary knowledge and (e) After December 16, 2004, observa-
skills to perform the tasks in a manner tion of on-the-job performance may not
that ensures the safe operation of pipe- be used as the sole method of evalua-
line facilities; and tion.
(i) After December 16, 2004, notify the
Administrator or a state agency par- [Amdt. 195–67, 64 FR 46866, Aug. 27, 1999, as
ticipating under 49 U.S.C. Chapter 601 amended by Amdt. 195–72, 66 FR 43524, Aug.
if the operator significantly modifies 20, 2001; Amdt. 195–84, 70 FR 10336, Mar. 3,
2005]
the program after the Administrator or
220
Subpart H—Corrosion Control § 195.555 What are the qualifications

for supervisors?
SOURCE: Amdt. 195–73, 66 FR 67004, Dec. 27, You must require and verify that su-
2001, unless otherwise noted. pervisors maintain a thorough knowl-
edge of that portion of the corrosion
§ 195.551 What do the regulations in control procedures established under
this subpart cover? § 195.402(c)(3) for which they are respon-
This subpart prescribes minimum re- sible for insuring compliance.
quirements for protecting steel pipe-
lines against corrosion. § 195.557 Which pipelines must have
coating for external corrosion con-
trol?
§ 195.553 What special definitions
apply to this subpart? Except bottoms of aboveground
As used in this subpart— breakout tanks, each buried or sub-
Active corrosion means continuing merged pipeline must have an external
coating for external corrosion control
corrosion which, unless controlled,
if the pipeline is—
could result in a condition that is det-
rimental to public safety or the envi- (a) Constructed, relocated, replaced,
ronment. or otherwise changed after the applica-
ble date in § 195.401(c), not including
Buried means covered or in contact
the movement of pipe covered by
with soil.
§ 195.424; or
Direct assessment means an integrity
(b) Converted under § 195.5 and—
assessment method that utilizes a
(1) Has an external coating that sub-
process to evaluate certain threats
stantially meets § 195.559 before the
(i.e., external corrosion, internal corro-
pipeline is placed in service; or
sion and stress corrosion cracking) to a
(2) Is a segment that is relocated, re-
pipeline segment’s integrity. The proc-
placed, or substantially altered.
ess includes the gathering and integra-
tion of risk factor data, indirect exam- § 195.559 What coating material may I
ination or analysis to identify areas of use for external corrosion control?
suspected corrosion, direct examina-
Coating material for external corro-
tion of the pipeline in these areas, and
sion control under § 195.557 must—
post assessment evaluation.
(a) Be designed to mitigate corrosion
Electrical survey means a series of
of the buried or submerged pipeline;
closely spaced pipe-to-soil readings
(b) Have sufficient adhesion to the
over a pipeline that are subsequently
metal surface to prevent under film
analyzed to identify locations where a
migration of moisture;
corrosive current is leaving the pipe-
(c) Be sufficiently ductile to resist
line.
cracking;
External corrosion direct assessment
(d) Have enough strength to resist
(ECDA) means a four-step process that
damage due to handling and soil stress;
combines pre-assessment, indirect in-
spection, direct examination, and post- (e) Support any supplemental ca-
thodic protection; and
assessment to evaluate the threat of
external corrosion to the integrity of a (f) If the coating is an insulating
type, have low moisture absorption and
pipeline.
provide high electrical resistance.
Pipeline environment includes soil re-
sistivity (high or low), soil moisture § 195.561 When must I inspect pipe
(wet or dry), soil contaminants that coating used for external corrosion
may promote corrosive activity, and control?
other known conditions that could af- (a) You must inspect all external pipe
fect the probability of active corrosion. coating required by § 195.557 just prior
You means operator. to lowering the pipe into the ditch or
[Amdt. 195–73, 66 FR 67004, Dec. 27, 2001, as submerging the pipe.

amended by Amdt. 195–85, 70 FR 61576, Oct. (b) You must repair any coating dam-
25, 2005] age discovered.
221
§ 195.563 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
§ 195.563 Which pipelines must have comply with API Recommended Prac-
cathodic protection? tice 651 on any tank for which you note
(a) Each buried or submerged pipe- in the corrosion control procedures es-
line that is constructed, relocated, re- tablished under § 195.402(c)(3) why com-
placed, or otherwise changed after the pliance with all or certain provisions of
applicable date in § 195.401(c) must have API Recommended Practice 651 is not
cathodic protection. The cathodic pro- necessary for the safety of the tank.
tection must be in operation not later
§ 195.567 Which pipelines must have
than 1 year after the pipeline is con- test leads and what must I do to in-
structed, relocated, replaced, or other- stall and maintain the leads?
wise changed, as applicable.
(b) Each buried or submerged pipe- (a) General. Except for offshore pipe-
line converted under § 195.5 must have lines, each buried or submerged pipe-
cathodic protection if the pipeline— line or segment of pipeline under ca-
(1) Has cathodic protection that sub- thodic protection required by this sub-
stantially meets § 195.571 before the part must have electrical test leads for
pipeline is placed in service; or external corrosion control. However,
(2) Is a segment that is relocated, re- this requirement does not apply until
placed, or substantially altered. December 27, 2004 to pipelines or pipe-
(c) All other buried or submerged line segments on which test leads were
pipelines that have an effective exter- not required by regulations in effect
nal coating must have cathodic protec- before January 28, 2002.
tion. 1 Except as provided by paragraph (b) Installation. You must install test
(d) of this section, this requirement leads as follows:
does not apply to breakout tanks and (1) Locate the leads at intervals fre-
does not apply to buried piping in quent enough to obtain electrical
breakout tank areas and pumping sta- measurements indicating the adequacy
tions until December 29, 2003. of cathodic protection.
(d) Bare pipelines, breakout tank (2) Provide enough looping or slack
areas, and buried pumping station pip- so backfilling will not unduly stress or
ing must have cathodic protection in break the lead and the lead will other-
places where regulations in effect be- wise remain mechanically secure and
fore January 28, 2002 required cathodic electrically conductive.
protection as a result of electrical in- (3) Prevent lead attachments from
spections. See previous editions of this causing stress concentrations on pipe.
part in 49 CFR, parts 186 to 199. (4) For leads installed in conduits,
(e) Unprotected pipe must have ca- suitably insulate the lead from the
thodic protection if required by conduit.
§ 195.573(b). (5) At the connection to the pipeline,
coat each bared test lead wire and
§ 195.565 How do I install cathodic bared metallic area with an electrical
protection on breakout tanks? insulating material compatible with
After October 2, 2000, when you in- the pipe coating and the insulation on
stall cathodic protection under the wire.
§ 195.563(a) to protect the bottom of an (c) Maintenance. You must maintain
aboveground breakout tank of more the test lead wires in a condition that
than 500 barrels (79.5m3) capacity built enables you to obtain electrical meas-
to API Specification 12F, API Standard urements to determine whether ca-
620, or API Standard 650 (or its prede- thodic protection complies with
cessor Standard 12C), you must install § 195.571.
the system in accordance with API § 195.569 Do I have to examine ex-
Recommended Practice 651. However, posed portions of buried pipelines?
installation of the system need not
Whenever you have knowledge that
1 A pipeline does not have an effective ex- any portion of a buried pipeline is ex-
posed, you must examine the exposed
ternal coating material if the current re-

quired to cathodically protect the pipeline is portion for evidence of external corro-
substantially the same as if the pipeline sion if the pipe is bare, or if the coating
were bare. is deteriorated. If you find external
222
corrosion requiring corrective action (2) For the period in the first column,
under § 195.585, you must investigate the second column prescribes the fre-
circumferentially and longitudinally quency of evaluation.
beyond the exposed portion (by visual
examination, indirect method, or both) Period Evaluation frequency
to determine whether additional corro- Before December 29, 2003 ... At least once every 5 cal-
sion requiring remedial action exists in endar years, but with inter-
the vicinity of the exposed portion. vals not exceeding 63
months.
Beginning December 29, At least once every 3 cal-
§ 195.571 What criteria must I use to 2003. endar years, but with inter-
determine the adequacy of cathodic vals not exceeding 39
protection? months.
Cathodic protection required by this
subpart must comply with one or more (c) Rectifiers and other devices. You
of the applicable criteria and other must electrically check for proper per-
considerations for cathodic protection formance each device in the first col-
contained in paragraphs 6.2 and 6.3 of umn at the frequency stated in the sec-
NACE Standard RP 0169 (incorporated ond column.
by reference, see § 195.3).
Device Check frequency
[Amdt. 195–86, 71 FR 33411, June 9, 2006]
Rectifier .................................. At least six times each cal-
endar year, but with inter-
§ 195.573 What must I do to monitor vals not exceeding 21⁄2
external corrosion control? months.
(a) Protected pipelines. You must do Reverse current switch.
Diode.
the following to determine whether ca-
Interference bond whose fail-
thodic protection required by this sub- ure would jeopardize struc-
part complies with § 195.571: tural protection.
(1) Conduct tests on the protected
Other interference bond ........ At least once each calendar
pipeline at least once each calendar year, but with intervals not
year, but with intervals not exceeding exceeding 15 months.
15 months. However, if tests at those
intervals are impractical for separately (d) Breakout tanks. You must inspect
protected short sections of bare or inef- each cathodic protection system used
fectively coated pipelines, testing may to control corrosion on the bottom of
be done at least once every 3 calendar an aboveground breakout tank to en-
years, but with intervals not exceeding sure that operation and maintenance of
39 months. the system are in accordance with API
(2) Identify not more than 2 years Recommended Practice 651. However,
after cathodic protection is installed, this inspection is not required if you
the circumstances in which a close-in- note in the corrosion control proce-
terval survey or comparable tech- dures established under § 195.402(c)(3)
nology is practicable and necessary to
why compliance with all or certain op-
accomplish the objectives of paragraph
eration and maintenance provisions of
10.1.1.3 of NACE Standard RP 0169 (in-
corporated by reference, see § 195.3). API Recommended Practice 651 is not
necessary for the safety of the tank.
(b) Unprotected pipe. You must re-
evaluate your unprotected buried or (e) Corrective action. You must correct
submerged pipe and cathodically pro- any identified deficiency in corrosion
tect the pipe in areas in which active control as required by § 195.401(b). How-
corrosion is found, as follows: ever, if the deficiency involves a pipe-
(1) Determine the areas of active cor- line in an integrity management pro-
rosion by electrical survey, or where an gram under § 195.452, you must correct
electrical survey is impractical, by the deficiency as required by
other means that include review and § 195.452(h).
analysis of leak repair and inspection
[Amdt. 195–73, 66 FR 67004, Dec. 27, 2001; 67 FR

records, corrosion monitoring records, 70118, Nov. 20, 2002, as amended by Amdt. 195–
exposed pipe inspection records, and 86, 71 FR 33411, June 9, 2006]
the pipeline environment.
223
§ 195.575 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
§ 195.575 Which facilities must I elec- pipeline system that the inhibitors are
trically isolate and what inspec- designed to protect;
tions, tests, and safeguards are re- (2) Use coupons or other monitoring
quired? equipment to determine the effective-
(a) You must electrically isolate each ness of the inhibitors in mitigating in-
buried or submerged pipeline from ternal corrosion; and
other metallic structures, unless you (3) Examine the coupons or other
electrically interconnect and cathodi- monitoring equipment at least twice
cally protect the pipeline and the other each calendar year, but with intervals
structures as a single unit. not exceeding 71⁄2 months.
(b) You must install one or more in- (c) Removing pipe. Whenever you re-
sulating devices where electrical isola- move pipe from a pipeline, you must
tion of a portion of a pipeline is nec- inspect the internal surface of the pipe
essary to facilitate the application of for evidence of corrosion. If you find in-
corrosion control. ternal corrosion requiring corrective
(c) You must inspect and electrically action under § 195.585, you must inves-
test each electrical isolation to assure tigate circumferentially and longitu-
the isolation is adequate. dinally beyond the removed pipe (by
(d) If you install an insulating device visual examination, indirect method,
in an area where a combustible atmos- or both) to determine whether addi-
phere is reasonable to foresee, you tional corrosion requiring remedial ac-
must take precautions to prevent arc- tion exists in the vicinity of the re-
ing. moved pipe.
(e) If a pipeline is in close proximity (d) Breakout tanks. After October 2,
to electrical transmission tower foot- 2000, when you install a tank bottom
ings, ground cables, or counterpoise, or lining in an aboveground breakout
in other areas where it is reasonable to tank built to API Specification 12F,
foresee fault currents or an unusual API Standard 620, or API Standard 650
risk of lightning, you must protect the (or its predecessor Standard 12C), you
pipeline against damage from fault must install the lining in accordance
currents or lightning and take protec- with API Recommended Practice 652.
tive measures at insulating devices. However, installation of the lining
need not comply with API Rec-
§ 195.577 What must I do to alleviate ommended Practice 652 on any tank for
interference currents? which you note in the corrosion con-
(a) For pipelines exposed to stray trol procedures established under
currents, you must have a program to § 195.402(c)(3) why compliance with all
identify, test for, and minimize the or certain provisions of API Rec-
detrimental effects of such currents. ommended Practice 652 is not nec-
(b) You must design and install each essary for the safety of the tank.
impressed current or galvanic anode
system to minimize any adverse effects § 195.581 Which pipelines must I pro-
on existing adjacent metallic struc- tect against atmospheric corrosion
tures. and what coating material may I
use?
§ 195.579 What must I do to mitigate (a) You must clean and coat each
internal corrosion? pipeline or portion of pipeline that is
(a) General. If you transport any haz- exposed to the atmosphere, except
ardous liquid or carbon dioxide that pipelines under paragraph (c) of this
would corrode the pipeline, you must section.
investigate the corrosive effect of the (b) Coating material must be suitable
hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide on for the prevention of atmospheric cor-
the pipeline and take adequate steps to rosion.
mitigate internal corrosion. (c) Except portions of pipelines in off-
(b) Inhibitors. If you use corrosion in- shore splash zones or soil-to-air inter-
hibitors to mitigate internal corrosion, faces, you need not protect against at-
you must— mospheric corrosion any pipeline for

(1) Use inhibitors in sufficient quan- which you demonstrate by test, inves-
tity to protect the entire part of the tigation, or experience appropriate to
224
the environment of the pipeline that tual remaining wall thickness in the
corrosion will— pits.
(1) Only be a light surface oxide; or
(2) Not affect the safe operation of § 195.587 What methods are available
the pipeline before the next scheduled to determine the strength of cor-
roded pipe?
inspection.
Under § 195.585, you may use the pro-
§ 195.583 What must I do to monitor at- cedure in ASME B31G, ‘‘Manual for De-
mospheric corrosion control? termining the Remaining Strength of
(a) You must inspect each pipeline or Corroded Pipelines,’’ or the procedure
portion of pipeline that is exposed to developed by AGA/Battelle, ‘‘A Modi-
the atmosphere for evidence of atmos- fied Criterion for Evaluating the Re-
pheric corrosion, as follows: maining Strength of Corroded Pipe
(with RSTRENG disk),’’ to determine
If the pipeline is Then the frequency of in- the strength of corroded pipe based on
located: spection is:
actual remaining wall thickness. These
Onshore ................................. At least once every 3 cal- procedures apply to corroded regions
endar years, but with inter- that do not penetrate the pipe wall,
vals not exceeding 39
months.
subject to the limitations set out in
Offshore ................................. At least once each calendar the respective procedures.
year, but with intervals not
exceeding 15 months. § 195.588 What standards apply to di-
rect assessment?
(b) During inspections you must give (a) If you use direct assessment on an
particular attention to pipe at soil-to- onshore pipeline to evaluate the effects
air interfaces, under thermal insula- of external corrosion, you must follow
tion, under disbonded coatings, at pipe the requirements of this section for
supports, in splash zones, at deck pene- performing external corrosion direct
trations, and in spans over water. assessment. This section does not
(c) If you find atmospheric corrosion apply to methods associated with di-
during an inspection, you must provide rect assessment, such as close interval
protection against the corrosion as re- surveys, voltage gradient surveys, or
quired by § 195.581. examination of exposed pipelines, when
used separately from the direct assess-
§ 195.585 What must I do to correct ment process.
corroded pipe?
(b) The requirements for performing
(a) General corrosion. If you find pipe external corrosion direct assessment
so generally corroded that the remain- are as follows:
ing wall thickness is less than that re- (1) General. You must follow the re-
quired for the maximum operating quirements of NACE Standard RP0502–
pressure of the pipeline, you must re- 2002 (incorporated by reference, see
place the pipe. However, you need not § 195.3). Also, you must develop and im-
replace the pipe if you— plement an ECDA plan that includes
(1) Reduce the maximum operating procedures addressing pre-assessment,
pressure commensurate with the indirect examination, direct examina-
strength of the pipe needed for service- tion, and post-assessment.
ability based on actual remaining wall (2) Pre-assessment. In addition to the
thickness; or requirements in Section 3 of NACE
(2) Repair the pipe by a method that Standard RP0502–2002, the ECDA plan
reliable engineering tests and analyses procedures for pre-assessment must in-
show can permanently restore the serv- clude—
iceability of the pipe. (i) Provisions for applying more re-
(b) Localized corrosion pitting. If you strictive criteria when conducting
find pipe that has localized corrosion ECDA for the first time on a pipeline
pitting to a degree that leakage might segment;
result, you must replace or repair the (ii) The basis on which you select at
pipe, unless you reduce the maximum least two different, but complemen-
operating pressure commensurate with tary, indirect assessment tools to as-
the strength of the pipe based on ac- sess each ECDA region; and
225
§ 195.589 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(iii) If you utilize an indirect inspec- (Section 5.6.2 of NACE Standard

tion method not described in Appendix RP0502–2002 provides guidance for cri-
A of NACE Standard RP0502–2002, you teria);
must demonstrate the applicability, (iii) Criteria and notification proce-
validation basis, equipment used, ap- dures for any changes in the ECDA
plication procedure, and utilization of plan, including changes that affect the
data for the inspection method. severity classification, the priority of
(3) Indirect examination. In addition to direct examination, and the time frame
the requirements in Section 4 of NACE for direct examination of indications;
Standard RP0502–2002, the procedures and
for indirect examination of the ECDA (iv) Criteria that describe how and on
regions must include— what basis you will reclassify and re-
(i) Provisions for applying more re- prioritize any of the provisions speci-
strictive criteria when conducting fied in Section 5.9 of NACE Standard
ECDA for the first time on a pipeline RP0502–2002.
segment; (5) Post assessment and continuing
(ii) Criteria for identifying and docu- evaluation. In addition to the require-
menting those indications that must be ments in Section 6 of NACE Standard
considered for excavation and direct UP 0502–2002, the procedures for post
examination, including at least the fol- assessment of the effectiveness of the
lowing: ECDA process must include—
(A) The known sensitivities of assess- (i) Measures for evaluating the long-
ment tools; term effectiveness of ECDA in address-
(B) The procedures for using each ing external corrosion in pipeline seg-
tool; and ments; and
(C) The approach to be used for de- (ii) Criteria for evaluating whether
creasing the physical spacing of indi- conditions discovered by direct exam-
rect assessment tool readings when the ination of indications in each ECDA re-
presence of a defect is suspected; gion indicate a need for reassessment
(iii) For each indication identified of the pipeline segment at an interval
during the indirect examination, cri- less than that specified in Sections 6.2
teria for— and 6.3 of NACE Standard RP0502–2002
(A) Defining the urgency of exca- (see appendix D of NACE Standard
vation and direct examination of the RP0502–2002).
indication; and [Amdt. 195–85, 70 FR 61576, Oct. 25, 2005]
(B) Defining the excavation urgency
as immediate, scheduled, or monitored; § 195.589 What corrosion control infor-
and mation do I have to maintain?
(iv) Criteria for scheduling exca- (a) You must maintain current
vations of indications in each urgency records or maps to show the location
level. of—
(4) Direct examination. In addition to (1) Cathodically protected pipelines;
the requirements in Section 5 of NACE (2) Cathodic protection facilities, in-
Standard RP0502–2002, the procedures cluding galvanic anodes, installed after
for direct examination of indications January 28, 2002; and
from the indirect examination must in- (3) Neighboring structures bonded to
clude— cathodic protection systems.
(i) Provisions for applying more re- (b) Records or maps showing a stated
strictive criteria when conducting number of anodes, installed in a stated
ECDA for the first time on a pipeline manner or spacing, need not show spe-
segment; cific distances to each buried anode.
(ii) Criteria for deciding what action (c) You must maintain a record of
should be taken if either: each analysis, check, demonstration,
(A) Corrosion defects are discovered examination, inspection, investigation,
that exceed allowable limits (Section review, survey, and test required by
5.5.2.2 of NACE Standard RP0502–2002 this subpart in sufficient detail to dem-
provides guidance for criteria); or onstrate the adequacy of corrosion con-

(B) Root cause analysis reveals control measures or that corrosion requir-
ditions for which ECDA is not suitable ing control measures does not exist.
226
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, DOT Pt. 195, App. A
You must retain these records for at uid pipeline facilities by the more commonly
least 5 years, except that records re- used means of specifying the end points of
lated to §§ 195.569, 195.573(a) and (b), and the transportation involved. For example,
the economic regulatory jurisdiction of
195.579(b)(3) and (c) must be retained FERC over the transportation of both gas
for as long as the pipeline remains in and liquids by pipeline is defined in much the
service. same way. In implementing the HLPSA DOT
has sought a practicable means of distin-
APPENDIX A TO PART 195—DELINEATION guishing between interstate and intrastate
BETWEEN FEDERAL AND STATE JU- pipeline facilities that provide the requisite
RISDICTION—STATEMENT OF AGENCY degree of certainty to Federal and State en-
POLICY AND INTERPRETATION forcement personnel and to the regulated en-
tities. DOT intends that this statement of
In 1979, Congress enacted comprehensive agency policy and interpretation provide
safety legislation governing the transpor- that certainty.
tation of hazardous liquids by pipeline, the In 1981, DOT decided that the inventory of
Hazardous Liquids Pipeline Safety Act of liquid pipeline facilities identified as subject
1979, 49 U.S.C. 2001 et seq. (HLPSA). The to the jurisdiction of FERC approximates
HLPSA expanded the existing statutory au- the HLPSA category of ‘‘interstate pipeline
thority for safety regulation, which was lim- facilities.’’ Administrative use of the FERC
ited to transportation by common carriers in inventory has the added benefit of avoiding
interstate and foreign commerce, to trans- the creation of a separate Federal scheme for
portation through facilities used in or affect- determination of jurisdiction over the same
ing interstate or foreign commerce. It also regulated entities. DOT recognizes that the
added civil penalty, compliance order, and FERC inventory is only an approximation
injunctive enforcement authorities to the and may not be totally satisfactory without
existing criminal sanctions. Modeled largely some modification. The difficulties stem
on the Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of from some significant differences in the eco-
1968, 49 U.S.C. 1671 et seq. (NGPSA), the nomic regulation of liquid and of natural gas
HLPSA provides for a national hazardous pipelines. There is an affirmative assertion
liquid pipeline safety program with nation- of jurisdiction by FERC over natural gas
ally uniform minimal standards and with en- pipelines through the issuance of certificates
forcement administered through a Federal- of public convenience and necessity prior to
State partnership. The HLPSA leaves to ex- commencing operations. With liquid pipe-
clusive Federal regulation and enforcement lines, there is only a rebuttable presumption
the ‘‘interstate pipeline facilities,’’ those of jurisdiction created by the filing by pipe-
used for the pipeline transportation of haz- line operators of tariffs (or concurrences) for
ardous liquids in interstate or foreign com- movement of liquids through existing facili-
merce. For the remainder of the pipeline fa- ties. Although FERC does police the filings
cilities, denominated ‘‘intrastate pipeline fa- for such matters as compliance with the gen-
cilities,’’ the HLPSA provides that the same eral duties of common carriers, the question
Federal regulation and enforcement will of jurisdiction is normally only aired upon
apply unless a State certifies that it will as- complaint. While any person, including
sume those responsibilities. A certified State State or Federal agencies, can avail them-
must adopt the same minimal standards but selves of the FERC forum by use of the com-
may adopt additional more stringent stand- plaint process, that process has only been
ards so long as they are compatible. There- rarely used to review jurisdictional matters
fore, in States which participate in the haz- (probably because of the infrequency of real
ardous liquid pipeline safety program disputes on the issue). Where the issue has
through certification, it is necessary to dis- arisen, the reviewing body has noted the
tinguish the interstate from the intrastate need to examine various criteria primarily of
pipeline facilities. an economic nature. DOT believes that, in
In deciding that an administratively prac- most cases, the formal FERC forum can bet-
tical approach was necessary in distin- ter receive and evaluate the type of informa-
guishing between interstate and intrastate tion that is needed to make decisions of this
liquid pipeline facilities and in determining nature than can DOT.
how best to accomplish this, DOT has logi- In delineating which liquid pipeline facili-
cally examined the approach used in the ties are interstate pipeline facilities within
NGPSA. The NGPSA defines the interstate the meaning of the HLPSA, DOT will gen-
gas pipeline facilities subject to exclusive erally rely on the FERC filings; that is, if
Federal jurisdiction as those subject to the there is a tariff or concurrence filed with
economic regulatory jurisdiction of the Fed- FERC governing the transportation of haz-
eral Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). ardous liquids over a pipeline facility or if
Experience has proven this approach prac- there has been an exemption from the obliga-
tical. Unlike the NGPSA however, the tion to file tariffs obtained from FERC, then
HLPSA has no specific reference to FERC ju- DOT will, as a general rule, consider the fa-
risdiction, but instead defines interstate liq- cility to be an interstate pipeline facility
227
Pt. 195, App. B 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
within the meaning of the HLPSA. The types operation of the line between ‘‘Point A’’ and
of situations in which DOT will ignore the ‘‘Point B’’. P has successfully defended
existence or non-existence of a filing with against the action on jurisdictional grounds.
FERC will be limited to those cases in which DOT will assume jurisdiction if necessary to
it appears obvious that a complaint filed avoid the anomaly of a pipeline subject to
with FERC would be successful or in which neither State or Federal safety enforcement.
blind reliance on a FERC filing would result DOT’s assertion of jurisdiction in such a case
in a situation clearly not intended by the would be based on the gap in the state’s en-
HLPSA such as a pipeline facility not being forcement authority rather than a DOT deci-
subject to either State or Federal safety reg- sion that the pipeline is an interstate pipe-
ulation. DOT anticipates that the situations line facility.
in which there is any question about the va- Example 7. Pipeline Company P operates a
lidity of the FERC filings as a ready ref- pipeline that originates on the Outer Conti-
erence will be few and that the actual vari- nental Shelf. P does not file any tariff for
ations from reliance on those filings will be that line with FERC. DOT will consider the
rare. The following examples indicate the pipeline to be an interstate pipeline facility.
types of facilities which DOT believes are Example 8. Pipeline Company P is con-
interstate pipeline facilities subject to the structing a pipeline from ‘‘Point C’’ (in State
HLPSA despite the lack of a filing with X) to ‘‘Point D’’ (in State Y). DOT will con-
FERC and the types of facilities over which sider the pipeline to be an interstate pipeline
DOT will generally defer to the jurisdiction facility.
of a certifying state despite the existence of Example 9. Pipeline company P is con-
a filing with FERC. structing a pipeline from ‘‘Point C’’ to
Example 1. Pipeline company P operates a ‘‘Point E’’ (both in State X) but intends to
pipeline from ‘‘Point A’’ located in State X file tariffs with FERC in the transportation
to ‘‘Point B’’ (also in X). The physical facili- of hazardous liquid in interstate commerce.
ties never cross a state line and do not con- Assuming there is some connection to an
nect with any other pipeline which does interstate pipeline facility, DOT will con-
cross a state line. Pipeline company P also sider this line to be an interstate pipeline fa-
operates another pipeline between ‘‘Point C’’ cility.
in State X and ‘‘Point D’’ in an adjoining Example 10. Pipeline Company P has oper-
State Y. Pipeline company P files a tariff ated a pipeline subject to FERC economic
with FERC for transportation from ‘‘Point regulation. Solely because of some statutory
A’’ to ‘‘Point B’’ as well as for transpor- economic deregulation, that pipeline is no
tation from ‘‘Point C’’ to ‘‘Point D.’’ DOT longer regulated by FERC. DOT will con-
will ignore filing for the line from ‘‘Point A’’ tinue to consider that pipeline to be an
to ‘‘Point B’’ and consider the line to be interstate pipeline facility.
intrastate.
As seen from the examples, the types of
Example 2. Same as in example 1 except
situations in which DOT will not defer to the
that P does not file any tariffs with FERC.
FERC regulatory scheme are generally clear-
DOT will assume jurisdiction of the line be-
cut cases. For the remainder of the situa-
tween ‘‘Point C’’ and ‘‘Point D.’’
Example 3. Same as in example 1 except tions where variation from the FERC scheme
that P files its tariff for the line between would require DOT to replicate the forum al-
‘‘Point C’’ and ‘‘Point D’’ not only with ready provided by FERC and to consider eco-
FERC but also with State X. DOT will rely nomic factors better left to that agency,
on the FERC filing as indication of inter- DOT will decline to vary its reliance on the
state commerce. FERC filings unless, of course, not doing so
Example 4. Same as in example 1 except would result in situations clearly not in-
that the pipeline from ‘‘Point A’’ to ‘‘Point tended by the HLPSA.
B’’ (in State X) connects with a pipeline op- [Amdt. 195–33, 50 FR 15899, Apr. 23, 1985]
erated by another company transports liquid
between ‘‘Point B’’ (in State X) and ‘‘Point APPENDIX B TO PART 195—RISK-BASED
D’’ (in State Y). DOT will rely on the FERC ALTERNATIVE TO PRESSURE TESTING
filing as indication of interstate commerce.
OLDER HAZARDOUS LIQUID AND CAR-
Example 5. Same as in example 1 except
that the line between ‘‘Point C’’ and ‘‘Point BON DIOXIDE PIPELINES
D’’ has a lateral line connected to it. The RISK-BASED ALTERNATIVE
lateral is located entirely with State X. DOT
will rely on the existence or non-existence of This Appendix provides guidance on how a
a FERC filing covering transportation over risk-based alternative to pressure testing
that lateral as determinative of interstate older hazardous liquid and carbon dioxide
commerce. pipelines rule allowed by § 195.303 will work.
Example 6. Same as in example 1 except This risk-based alternative establishes test

that the certified agency in State X has priorities for older pipelines, not previously
brought an enforcement action (under the pressure tested, based on the inherent risk of
pipeline safety laws) against P because of its a given pipeline segment. The first step is to
228
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, DOT Pt. 195, App. B
determine the classification based on the In all cases, operators shall annually, at
type of pipe or on the pipeline segment’s intervals not to exceed 15 months, review
proximity to populated or environmentally their facilities to reassess the classification
sensitive area. Secondly, the classifications and shall take appropriate action within two
must be adjusted based on the pipeline fail- years or operate the pipeline system at a
ure history, product transported, and the re- lower pressure. Pipeline failures, changes in
lease volume potential. the characteristics of the pipeline route, or
Tables 2–6 give definitions of risk classi- changes in service should all trigger a reas-
fication A, B, and C facilities. For the pur-
sessment of the originally classification.
poses of this rule, pipeline segments con-
taining high risk electric resistance-welded Table 1 explains different levels of test re-
pipe (ERW pipe) and lapwelded pipe manufac- quirements depending on the inherent risk of
tured prior to 1970 and considered a risk clas- a given pipeline segment. The overall risk
sification C or B facility shall be treated as classification is determined based on the
the top priority for testing because of the type of pipe involved, the facility’s location,
higher risk associated with the suscepti- the product transported, the relative volume
bility of this pipe to longitudinal seam fail- of flow and pipeline failure history as deter-
ures. mined from Tables 2–6.
TABLE 1. TEST REQUIREMENTS—MAINLINE SEGMENTS OUTSIDE OF TERMINALS, STATIONS, AND TANK
FARMS
Pipeline segment Risk classification Test deadline 1 Test medium
Pre-1970 Pipeline Segments susceptible to longitu- C or B 12/7/2000 3 ............................... Water only.

dinal seam failures 2. A 12/7/2002 3 ............................... Water only.
All Other Pipeline Segments ......................................... C 12/7/2002 4 ............................... Water only.
B 12/7/2004 4 ............................... Water/Liq. 5
A Additional pressure testing not
required.
1 If operational experience indicates a history of past failures for a particular pipeline segment, failure causes (time-dependent
defects due to corrosion, construction, manufacture, or transmission problems, etc.) shall be reviewed in determining risk classi-
fication (See Table 6) and the timing of the pressure test should be accelerated.
2 All pre-1970 ERW pipeline segments may not require testing. In determining which ERW pipeline segments should be in-
cluded in this category, an operator must consider the seam-related leak history of the pipe and pipe manufacturing information
as available, which may include the pipe steel’s mechanical properties, including fracture toughness; the manufacturing process
and controls related to seam properties, including whether the ERW process was high-frequency or low-frequency, whether the
weld seam was heat treated, whether the seam was inspected, the test pressure and duration during mill hydrotest; the quality
control of the steel-making process; and other factors pertinent to seam properties and quality.
3 For those pipeline operators with extensive mileage of pre-1970 ERW pipe, any waiver requests for timing relief should be
supported by an assessment of hazards in accordance with location, product, volume, and probability of failure considerations
consistent with Tables 3, 4, 5, and 6.
4 A magnetic flux leakage or ultrasonic internal inspection survey may be utilized as an alternative to pressure testing where
leak history and operating experience do not indicate leaks caused by longitudinal cracks or seam failures.
5 Pressure tests utilizing a hydrocarbon liquid may be conducted, but only with a liquid which does not vaporize rapidly.
Using LOCATION, PRODUCT, VOLUME, factor which determines overall risk, with
and FAILURE HISTORY ‘‘Indicators’’ from the PRODUCT, VOLUME, and PROB-
Tables 3, 4, 5, and 6 respectively, the overall ABILITY OF FAILURE Indicators used to
risk classification of a given pipeline or pipe- adjust to a higher or lower overall risk clas-
line segment can be established from Table sification per the following table.
2. The LOCATION Indicator is the primary
TABLE 2—RISK CLASSIFICATION

Risk classification Hazard location indicator Product/volume indicator Probability of failure indicator
A .............................................. L or M .................................... L/L .......................................... L.

B .............................................. Not A or C Risk Classification
C .............................................. H ............................................ Any ........................................ Any.
H=High M=Moderate L=Low.
NOTE: For Location, Product, Volume, and Probability of Failure Indicators, see Tables 3, 4, 5, and 6.
Table 3 is used to establish the LOCATION lation and environment characteristics asso-
Indicator used in Table 2. Based on the popu- ciated with a pipeline facility’s location, a
LOCATION Indicator of H, M or L is se-

lected.
229
Pt. 195, App. C 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
TABLE 3—LOCATION INDICATORS—PIPELINE SEGMENTS

Indicator Population 1 Environment 2
H ...................................................... Non-rural areas ............................................. Environmentally sensitive 2 areas.

M ........................................................................
L ....................................................... Rural areas .................................................... Not environmentally sensitive 2 areas.
1 The
effects of potential vapor migration should be considered for pipeline segments transporting highly volatile or toxic prod-
ucts.
2 We expect operators to use their best judgment in applying this factor.
Tables 4, 5 and 6 are used to establish the product transported. The VOLUME Indicator
PRODUCT, VOLUME, and PROBABILITY is selected from Table 5 as H, M, or L based
OF FAILURE Indicators respectively, in on the nominal diameter of the pipeline. The
Table 2. The PRODUCT Indicator is selected Probability of Failure Indicator is selected
from Table 4 as H, M, or L based on the acute from Table 6.
and chronic hazards associated with the
TABLE 4—PRODUCT INDICATORS
Indicator Considerations Product examples
H ................................................................ (Highly volatile and flammable) ............... (Propane, butane, Natural Gas Liquid
(NGL), ammonia)
Highly toxic .............................................. (Benzene, high Hydrogen Sulfide con-
tent crude oils).
M ................................................................ Flammable—flashpoint <100F ................ (Gasoline, JP4, low flashpoint crude
oils).
L ................................................................. Non-flammable—flashpoint 100+F .......... (Diesel, fuel oil, kerosene, JP5, most
crude oils).
Highly volatile and non-flammable/non- Carbon Dioxide.
toxic.
1 Pipeline segments with greater than three product spills in

Considerations: The degree of acute and
the last 10 years should be reviewed for failure causes as de-
chronic toxicity to humans, wildlife, and scribed in subnote 2. The pipeline operator should make an
aquatic life; reactivity; and, volatility, flam- appropriate investigation and reach a decision based on
mability, and water solubility determine the sound engineering judgment, and be able to demonstrate the
basis of the decision.
Product Indicator. Comprehensive Environ- 2 Time-Dependent Defects are defects that result in spills
mental Response, Compensation and Liabil- due to corrosion, gouges, or problems developed during man-
ity Act Reportable Quantity values can be ufacture, construction or operation, etc.
used as an indication of chronic toxicity. Na-
tional Fire Protection Association health [Amdt. 195–65, 63 FR 59480, Nov. 4, 1998; 64 FR
factors can be used for rating acute hazards. 6815, Feb. 11, 1999]
TABLE 5—VOLUME INDICATORS APPENDIX C TO PART 195—GUIDANCE FOR

IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTEGRITY
Indicator Line size MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
H .................. ≥18″. This Appendix gives guidance to help an
M ................. 10″–16″ nominal diameters. operator implement the requirements of the
L .................. ≤8″ nominal diameter. integrity management program rule in
H=High M=Moderate L=Low. §§ 195.450 and 195.452. Guidance is provided on:
(1) Information an operator may use to
Table 6 is used to establish the PROB- identify a high consequence area and factors
ABILITY OF FAILURE Indicator used in an operator can use to consider the potential
Table 2. The ‘‘Probability of Failure’’ Indi- impacts of a release on an area;
cator is selected from Table 6 as H or L. (2) Risk factors an operator can use to de-
termine an integrity assessment schedule;
TABLE 6—PROBABILITY OF FAILURE INDICATORS (3) Safety risk indicator tables for leak
[in each haz. location] history, volume or line size, age of pipeline,
and product transported, an operator may
Indicator Failure history (time-dependent defects) 2 use to determine if a pipeline segment falls
into a high, medium or low risk category;

H 1 ................ >Three spills in last 10 years.
L .................. ≤Three spills in last 10 years.
(4) Types of internal inspection tools an
operator could use to find pipeline anoma-
H=High L=Low. lies;
230
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, DOT Pt. 195, App. C
(5) Measures an operator could use to land profile and if it could allow the liquid
measure an integrity management program’s from a release to enter a high consequence
performance; and area. An operator can get this information
(6) Types of records an operator will have from topographical maps such as U.S. Geo-
to maintain. logical Survey quadrangle maps.
(7) Types of conditions that an integrity (2) Drainage systems such as small streams
assessment may identify that an operator and other smaller waterways that could
should include in its required schedule for serve as a conduit to a high consequence
evaluation and remediation. area.
I. Identifying a high consequence area and (3) Crossing of farm tile fields. An operator
factors for considering a pipeline segment’s should consider the possibility of a spillage
potential impact on a high consequence area. in the field following the drain tile into a
A. The rule defines a High Consequence waterway.
Area as a high population area, an other pop- (4) Crossing of roadways with ditches along
ulated area, an unusually sensitive area, or a the side. The ditches could carry a spillage
commercially navigable waterway. The Of- to a waterway.
fice of Pipeline Safety (OPS) will map these (5) The nature and characteristics of the
areas on the National Pipeline Mapping Sys- product the pipeline is transporting (refined
tem (NPMS). An operator, member of the products, crude oils, highly volatile liquids,
public, or other government agency may etc.) Highly volatile liquids becomes gaseous
view and download the data from the NPMS when exposed to the atmosphere. A spillage
home page http://www.npms.rspa.dot.gov. OPS could create a vapor cloud that could settle
will maintain the NPMS and update it peri- into the lower elevation of the ground pro-
odically. However, it is an operator’s respon-
file.
sibility to ensure that it has identified all
(6) Physical support of the pipeline seg-
high consequence areas that could be af-
ment such as by a cable suspension bridge.
fected by a pipeline segment. An operator is
An operator should look for stress indicators
also responsible for periodically evaluating
on the pipeline (strained supports, inad-
its pipeline segments to look for population
equate support at towers), atmospheric cor-
or environmental changes that may have oc-
rosion, vandalism, and other obvious signs of
curred around the pipeline and to keep its
program current with this information. improper maintenance.
(Refer to § 195.452(d)(3).) For more informa- (7) Operating conditions of the pipeline
tion to help in identifying high consequence (pressure, flow rate, etc.). Exposure of the
areas, an operator may refer to: pipeline to an operating pressure exceeding
(1) Digital Data on populated areas avail- the established maximum operating pres-
able on U.S. Census Bureau maps. sure.
(2) Geographic Database on the commer- (8) The hydraulic gradient of the pipeline.
cial navigable waterways available on http:// (9) The diameter of the pipeline, the poten-
www.bts.gov/gis/ntatlas/networks.html. tial release volume, and the distance be-
(3) The Bureau of Transportation Statis- tween the isolation points.
tics database that includes commercially (10) Potential physical pathways between
navigable waterways and non-commercially the pipeline and the high consequence area.
navigable waterways. The database can be (11) Response capability (time to respond,
downloaded from the BTS website at http:// nature of response).
www.bts.gov/gis/ntatlas/networks.html. (12) Potential natural forces inherent in
B. The rule requires an operator to include the area (flood zones, earthquakes, subsid-
a process in its program for identifying ence areas, etc.)
which pipeline segments could affect a high II. Risk factors for establishing frequency
consequence area and to take measures to of assessment.
prevent and mitigate the consequences of a A. By assigning weights or values to the
pipeline failure that could affect a high con- risk factors, and using the risk indicator ta-
sequence area. (See §§ 195.452 (f) and (i).) bles, an operator can determine the priority
Thus, an operator will need to consider how for assessing pipeline segments, beginning
each pipeline segment could affect a high with those segments that are of highest risk,
consequence area. The primary source for that have not previously been assessed. This
the listed risk factors is a US DOT study on list provides some guidance on some of the
instrumented Internal Inspection devices risk factors to consider (see § 195.452(e)). An
(November 1992). Other sources include the operator should also develop factors specific
National Transportation Safety Board, the to each pipeline segment it is assessing, in-
Environmental Protection Agency and the cluding:
Technical Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Safety (1) Populated areas, unusually sensitive en-
Standards Committee. The following list vironmental areas, National Fish Hatcheries,
provides guidance to an operator on both the commercially navigable waters, areas where
mandatory and additional factors: people congregate.
(1) Terrain surrounding the pipeline. An (2) Results from previous testing/inspec-
operator should consider the contour of the tion. (See § 195.452(h).)
231
(3) Leak History. (See leak history risk ments covered by the rule, beginning with
table.) the highest risk segments, within the first
(4) Known corrosion or condition of pipe- 31⁄2 years and the remaining segments within
line. (See § 195.452(g).) the seven-year period. For the continuing in-
(5) Cathodic protection history. tegrity assessments, we would plan to assess
(6) Type and quality of pipe coating the C segments within the first two (2) years
(disbonded coating results in corrosion). of the schedule, the segments classified as
(7) Age of pipe (older pipe shows more cor- moderate risk no later than year three or
rosion—may be uncoated or have an ineffec- four and the remaining lowest risk segments
tive coating) and type of pipe seam. (See Age no later than year five (5).
of Pipe risk table.) ii. For our hypothetical pipeline segment,
(8) Product transported (highly volatile, we have chosen the following risk factors
highly flammable and toxic liquids present a and obtained risk factor values from the ap-
greater threat for both people and the envi- propriate table. The values assigned to the
ronment) (see Product transported risk risk factors are for illustration only.
table.) Age of pipeline: assume 30 years old (refer to
(9) Pipe wall thickness (thicker walls give ‘‘Age of Pipeline’’ risk table)—
a better safety margin) Risk Value=5
(10) Size of pipe (higher volume release if Pressure tested: tested once during construc-
the pipe ruptures). tion—
(11) Location related to potential ground Risk Value=5
movement (e.g., seismic faults, rock quar- Coated: (yes/no)—yes
ries, and coal mines); climatic (permafrost Coating Condition: Recent excavation of sus-
causes settlement—Alaska); geologic (land- pected areas showed holidays in coating
slides or subsidence). (potential corrosion risk)—
(12) Security of throughput (effects on cus- Risk Value=5
tomers if there is failure requiring shut- Cathodically Protected: (yes/no)—yes—Risk
down). Value=1
(13) Time since the last internal inspection/ Date cathodic protection installed: five years
pressure testing. after pipeline was constructed (Cathodic
(14) With respect to previously discovered protection installed within one year of the
defects/anomalies, the type, growth rate, and pipeline’s construction is generally consid-
size. ered low risk.)—Risk Value=3
(15) Operating stress levels in the pipeline. Close interval survey: (yes/no)—no—Risk
(16) Location of the pipeline segment as it Value =5
relates to the ability of the operator to de- Internal Inspection tool used: (yes/no)—yes.
tect and respond to a leak. (e.g., pipelines Date of pig run? In last five years—Risk
deep underground, or in locations that make Value=1
leak detection difficult without specific sec- Anomalies found: (yes/no)—yes, but do not
tional monitoring and/or significantly im- pose an immediate safety risk or environ-
pede access for spill response or any other mental hazard—Risk Value=3
purpose). Leak History: yes, one spill in last 10 years.
(17) Physical support of the segment such (refer to ‘‘Leak History’’ risk table)—Risk
as by a cable suspension bridge. Value=2
(18) Non-standard or other than recognized Product transported: Diesel fuel. Product low
industry practice on pipeline installation risk. (refer to ‘‘Product’’ risk table)—Risk
(e.g., horizontal directional drilling). Value=1
B. Example: This example illustrates a hy- Pipe size: 16 inches. Size presents moderate
pothetical model used to establish an integ- risk (refer to ‘‘Line Size’’ risk table)—Risk
rity assessment schedule for a hypothetical Value=3
pipeline segment. After we determine the iii. Overall risk value for this hypothetical
risk factors applicable to the pipeline seg- segment of pipe is 34. Assume we have two
ment, we then assign values or numbers to other pipeline segments for which we con-
each factor, such as, high (5), moderate (3), duct similar risk rankings. The second pipe-
or low (1). We can determine an overall risk line segment has an overall risk value of 20,
classification (A, B, C) for the segment using and the third segment, 11. For the baseline
the risk tables and a sliding scale (values 5 assessment we would establish a schedule
to 1) for risk factors for which tables are not where we assess the first segment (highest
provided. We would classify a segment as C if risk segment) within two years, the second
it fell above 2⁄3 of maximum value (highest segment within five years and the third seg-
overall risk value for any one segment when ment within seven years. Similarly, for the
compared with other segments of a pipeline), continuing integrity assessment, we could
a segment as B if it fell between 1⁄3 to 2⁄3 of establish an assessment schedule where we
maximum value, and the remaining seg- assess the highest risk segment no later than
ments as A. the second year, the second segment no later
i. For the baseline assessment schedule, we than the third year, and the third segment
would plan to assess 50% of all pipeline seg- no later than the fifth year.
232
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, DOT Pt. 195, App. C
III. Safety risk indicator tables for leak tion flaws or soil movement, or other outside
history, volume or line size, age of pipeline, force damage;
and product transported. (2) Metal Loss Tools (Ultrasonic and Mag-
netic Flux Leakage) for determining pipe
LEAK HISTORY wall anomalies, e.g., wall loss due to corro-
sion.
Safety risk Leak history (3) Crack Detection Tools for detecting
indicator (Time-dependent defects) 1
cracks and crack-like features, e.g., stress
High .......................... > 3 Spills in last 10 years corrosion cracking (SCC), fatigue cracks,
Low ........................... < 3 Spills in last 10 years narrow axial corrosion, toe cracks, hook
1 Time-dependent defects are those that result in spills due
cracks, etc.
to corrosion, gouges, or problems developed during manufac- V. Methods to measure performance.
ture, construction or operation, etc. A. General. (1) This guidance is to help an
operator establish measures to evaluate the
LINE SIZE OR VOLUME TRANSPORTED effectiveness of its integrity management
program. The performance measures re-
Safety risk quired will depend on the details of each in-
Line size
indicator
tegrity management program and will be
High .......................... ≥ 18′ based on an understanding and analysis of
Moderate .................. 10′—16′ nominal diameters the failure mechanisms or threats to integ-
Low ........................... ≤ 8′ nominal diameter rity of each pipeline segment.
(2) An operator should select a set of meas-
urements to judge how well its program is
AGE OF PIPELINE performing. An operator’s objectives for its
Safety risk Age Pipeline condition program are to ensure public safety, prevent
indicator dependent) 1 or minimize leaks and spills and prevent
property and environmental damage. A typ-
High .......................... > 25 years ical integrity management program will be
Low ........................... < 25 years an ongoing program and it may contain
1 Depends on pipeline’s coating & corrosion condition, and many elements. Therefore, several perform-
steel quality, toughness, welding. ance measure are likely to be needed to
measure the effectiveness of an ongoing pro-
PRODUCT TRANSPORTED gram.
B. Performance measures. These measures
Safety show how a program to control risk on pipe-
risk Considerations 1 Product examples line segments that could affect a high con-
indi-
cator sequence area is progressing under the integ-
rity management requirements. Perform-
High ... (Highly volatile and flam- (Propane, butane, Nat-
ance measures generally fall into three cat-
mable). ural Gas Liquid (NGL),
ammonia). egories:
Highly toxic .................... (Benzene, high Hydro- (1) Selected Activity Measures—Measures
gen Sulfide content that monitor the surveillance and preventive
crude oils). activities the operator has implemented.
Me- Flammable—flashpoint (Gasoline, JP4, low These measure indicate how well an operator
dium. <100F. flashpoint crude oils). is implementing the various elements of its
Low .... Non-flammable— (Diesel, fuel oil, ker-
integrity management program.
flashpoint 100+F. osene, JP5, most
crude oils).
(2) Deterioration Measures—Operation and
maintenance trends that indicate when the
1 The degree of acute and chronic toxicity to humans, wild-
integrity of the system is weakening despite
life, and aquatic life; reactivity; and, volatility, flammability, and
water solubility determine the Product Indicator. Comprehen- preventive measures. This category of per-
sive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act formance measure may indicate that the sys-
Reportable Quantity values may be used as an indication of tem condition is deteriorating despite well
chronic toxicity. National Fire Protection Association health
factors may be used for rating acute hazards. executed preventive activities.
(3) Failure Measures—Leak History, inci-
IV. Types of internal inspection tools to dent response, product loss, etc. These meas-
use. ures will indicate progress towards fewer
An operator should consider at least two spills and less damage.
types of internal inspection tools for the in- C. Internal vs. External Comparisons. These
tegrity assessment from the following list. comparisons show how a pipeline segment
The type of tool or tools an operator selects that could affect a high consequence area is
will depend on the results from previous in- progressing in comparison to the operator’s
ternal inspection runs, information analysis other pipeline segments that are not covered
and risk factors specific to the pipeline seg- by the integrity management requirements
ment:
and how that pipeline segment compares to

(1) Geometry Internal inspection tools for other operators’ pipeline segments.
detecting changes to ovality, e.g., bends, (1) Internal—Comparing data from the
dents, buckles or wrinkles, due to construc- pipeline segment that could affect the high
233
consequence area with data from pipeline (2) a plan for baseline assessment of the
segments in other areas of the system may line pipe that includes each required plan
indicate the effects from the attention given element;
to the high consequence area. (3) modifications to the baseline plan and
(2) External—Comparing data external to reasons for the modification;
the pipeline segment (e.g., OPS incident (4) use of and support for an alternative
data) may provide measures on the fre- practice;
quency and size of leaks in relation to other (5) a framework addressing each required
companies. element of the integrity management pro-
D. Examples. Some examples of perform- gram, updates and changes to the initial
ance measures an operator could use in- framework and eventual program;
clude— (6) a process for identifying a new high
(1) A performance measurement goal to re- consequence area and incorporating it into
duce the total volume from unintended re- the baseline plan, particularly, a process for
leases by -% (percent to be determined by op- identifying population changes around a
erator) with an ultimate goal of zero. pipeline segment;
(2) A performance measurement goal to re- (7) an explanation of methods selected to
duce the total number of unintended releases assess the integrity of line pipe;
(based on a threshold of 5 gallons) by ll-% (8) a process for review of integrity assess-
(percent to be determined by operator) with ment results and data analysis by a person
an ultimate goal of zero. qualified to evaluate the results and data;
(3) A performance measurement goal to (9) the process and risk factors for deter-
document the percentage of integrity man- mining the baseline assessment interval;
agement activities completed during the cal- (10) results of the baseline integrity assess-
endar year. ment;
(4) A performance measurement goal to (11) the process used for continual evalua-
track and evaluate the effectiveness of the tion, and risk factors used for determining
operator’s community outreach activities. the frequency of evaluation;
(12) process for integrating and analyzing
(5) A narrative description of pipeline sys-
information about the integrity of a pipe-
tem integrity, including a summary of per-
line, information and data used for the infor-
formance improvements, both qualitative
mation analysis;
and quantitative, to an operator’s integrity
management program prepared periodically. (13) results of the information analyses and
periodic evaluations;
(6) A performance measure based on inter-
(14) the process and risk factors for estab-
nal audits of the operator’s pipeline system
lishing continual re-assessment intervals;
per 49 CFR Part 195.
(15) justification to support any variance
(7) A performance measure based on exter- from the required re-assessment intervals;
nal audits of the operator’s pipeline system (16) integrity assessment results and anom-
per 49 CFR Part 195. alies found, process for evaluating and reme-
(8) A performance measure based on oper- diating anomalies, criteria for remedial ac-
ational events (for example: relief occur- tions and actions taken to evaluate and re-
rences, unplanned valve closure, SCADA out- mediate the anomalies;
ages, etc.) that have the potential to ad- (17) other remedial actions planned or
versely affect pipeline integrity. taken;
(9) A performance measure to demonstrate (18) schedule for evaluation and remedi-
that the operator’s integrity management ation of anomalies, justification to support
program reduces risk over time with a focus deviation from required remediation times;
on high risk items. (19) risk analysis used to identify addi-
(10) A performance measure to dem- tional preventive or mitigative measures,
onstrate that the operator’s integrity man- records of preventive and mitigative actions
agement program for pipeline stations and planned or taken;
terminals reduces risk over time with a (20) criteria for determining EFRD instal-
focus on high risk items. lation;
VI. Examples of types of records an oper- (21) criteria for evaluating and modifying
ator must maintain. leak detection capability;
The rule requires an operator to maintain (22) methods used to measure the pro-
certain records. (See § 195.452(l)). This section gram’s effectiveness.
provides examples of some records that an VII. Conditions that may impair a pipe-
operator would have to maintain for inspec- line’s integrity.
tion to comply with the requirement. This is Section 195.452(h) requires an operator to
not an exhaustive list. evaluate and remediate all pipeline integrity
(1) a process for identifying which pipelines issues raised by the integrity assessment or
could affect a high consequence area and a information analysis. An operator must de-
document identifying all pipeline segments velop a schedule that prioritizes conditions
that could affect a high consequence area; discovered on the pipeline for evaluation and
234
remediation. The following are some exam- rials Safety Administration or his or
ples of conditions that an operator should her delegate.
schedule for evaluation and remediation.
Adopt means establish under State
A. Any change since the previous assess-
ment. law by statute, regulation, license, cer-
B. Mechanical damage that is located on tification, order, or any combination of
the top side of the pipe. these legal means.
C. An anomaly abrupt in nature. Excavation activity means an exca-
D. An anomaly longitudinal in orientation. vation activity defined in § 192.614(a) of
E. An anomaly over a large area. this chapter, other than a specific ac-
F. An anomaly located in or near a casing,
a crossing of another pipeline, or an area tivity the State determines would not
with suspect cathodic protection. be expected to cause physical damage
to underground facilities.
[Amdt. 195–70, 65 FR 75409, Dec. 1, 2000, as
amended by Amdt. 195–74, 67 FR 1661, Jan. 14, Excavator means any person intend-
2002] ing to engage in an excavation activ-
ity.
PARTS 196–197 [RESERVED] One-call notification system means a
communication system that qualifies
under this part and the one-call dam-
PART 198—REGULATIONS FOR age prevention program of the State
GRANTS TO AID STATE PIPELINE concerned in which an operational cen-
SAFETY PROGRAMS ter receives notices from excavators of
intended excavation activities and
Subpart A—General transmits the notices to operators of
Sec. underground pipeline facilities and
198.1 Scope. other underground facilities that par-
198.3 Definitions. ticipate in the system.
Person means any individual, firm,
Subpart B—Grant Allocation joint venture, partnership, corporation,
198.11 Grant authority. association, state, municipality, coop-
198.13 Grant allocation formula. erative association, or joint stock asso-
ciation, and including any trustee, re-
Subpart C—Adoption of One-Call Damage ceiver, assignee, or personal represent-
Prevention Program ative thereof.
198.31 Scope. Underground pipeline facilities means
198.33 [Reserved] buried pipeline facilities used in the
198.35 Grants conditioned on adoption of transportation of gas or hazardous liq-
one-call damage prevention program. uid subject to the pipeline safety laws
198.37 State one-call damage prevention (49 U.S.C. 60101 et seq.).
program.
198.39 Qualifications for operation of one- Secretary means the Secretary of
call notification system. Transportation or any person to whom
the Secretary of Transportation has
AUTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 60105, 60106, 60114; and
49 CFR 1.53.
delegated authority in the matter con-
cerned.
SOURCE: 55 FR 38691, Sept. 20, 1990, unless Seeking to adopt means actively and
otherwise noted.
effectively proceeding toward adoption.
State means each of the several
Subpart A—General States, the District of Columbia, and
§ 198.1 Scope. the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
This part prescribes regulations gov- [55 FR 38691, Sept. 20, 1990, as amended by
erning grants-in-aid for State pipeline Amdt. 198–2, 61 FR 18518, Apr. 26, 1996; 68 FR
safety compliance programs. 11750, Mar. 12, 2003; 70 FR 11140, Mar. 8, 2005]
§ 198.3 Definitions. Subpart B—Grant Allocation

As used in this part:

Administrator means the Adminis- SOURCE: Amdt. 198–1, 58 FR 10988, Feb. 23,
trator, Pipeline and Hazardous Mate- 1993, unless otherwise noted.
235

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Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, DOT Pt.

Wabash River ........................ Mt. Carmel, IL.

Subpart E—Pressure Testing Subpart H—Corrosion Control

1981, unless otherwise noted. uid through a pipeline by gravity;

(4) A low-stress pipeline that serves non-pipeline mode and a pipeline.

clusively to transfer hazardous liquid Breakout tank means a tank used to

monia. bed appertain to the United States and

Person means any individual, firm, shopping center, or community devel-

used for components manufactured, de- 1. Pipeline Research Council Inter-

A. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI):

Source and name of referenced material 49 CFR reference

Class I aquifers include: tamination. These aquifers generally

amounts of interbedded fine grained Heritage Programs. An EORANK of A

range’’ (16 U.S.C. 1532). ‘‘Threatened properties and characteristics of the

the pipeline. If the Administrator de- § 195.11 What is a regulated rural

ment of this part. § 195.406 before transportation begins,

(2) Beginning no later than January until it has completed an analysis of

in accordance with paragraph (c)(1) of

of accidents and safety-related condi- the property of the operator or others,

(e) Estimated property damage, in- ries, if any.

the cause of the failure or extent of the pressure or shutdown of operation of a

tigation. than pipe manufactured in accordance

§ 195.104 Variations in pressure. (ii) If the average yield-tensile ratio

D=Nominal outside diameter of the pipe in

ments for the pipe steel and mechan-

[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47

§ 195.120 Passage of internal inspec- § 195.122 Fabricated branch connec-

(2) Welded, low-pressure (i.e., inter- § 195.202 Compliance with specifica-

to the movement of pipe covered by ance with API 510.

§ 195.206 Material inspection. (c) Each circumferential weld which

less nominal outside diameter or has a process; and

Industrial, commercial, and residential areas ............................................................................... 36 (914) 30 (762)

§ 195.258 Valves: General. pressuring of pumping equipment, in-

(c) Aboveground breakout tank areas another pipeline.

tion survey as an alternative to pres- under paragraph (a) of this section or

exceed 15 months. If the risk classifica- in strength to a prototype that was

§ 195.307 Pressure testing above- (2) Test instrument calibration data;

the operator to amend its plans and tended location.

operating pipeline system, purging of ation, or personnel error which could

(iv) Operation of any safety device; uid.

ignition by assisting with evacuation (3) Recognize conditions that are

of flammable HVL, flammability of (2) All crossings of public roads, rail-

controls and protective equipment to ters at least 1 inch (25 millimeters)

its inlets in waters less than 15 feet (4.6 §§ 195.414–195.418 [Reserved]

public in the vicinity of the pipeline § 195.450 Definitions.

Emergency flow restricting device or or operated by an operator who owned

PIPELINE INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT (3) Include in the program a plan to

lows: (6) Follow recognized industry prac-

Category 1 ................................ March 31, 2008 ................................................ September 30, 2004.

rarily reduce operating pressure or conditions listed in paragraph (h)(4)(i)

pair the integrity of the pipeline, and maximum operating pressure.

pipeline system. An operator must assessing the line pipe’s integrity. An

(3) Assessment intervals. An operator pipe by any of the following methods.

imdb/; perform a covered task by any of the

(b) Oral examination; state agency has verified that it com-

Subpart H—Corrosion Control § 195.555 What are the qualifications

[Amdt. 195–73, 66 FR 67004, Dec. 27, 2001, as submerging the pipe.

ternal coating material if the current re-

[Amdt. 195–73, 66 FR 67004, Dec. 27, 2001; 67 FR

you must— mospheric corrosion any pipeline for

(iii) If you utilize an indirect inspec- (Section 5.6.2 of NACE Standard

provides guidance for criteria); or onstrate the adequacy of corrosion con-

Example 6. Same as in example 1 except This risk-based alternative establishes test