Experiment No.

2
Discharge Measurement Using Hydraulic Bench
Objective:
The activity aims to determine the discharge of flow by means of using volume-time relationship by
means of hydraulic bench
Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
The student should be able:
1. Use the techniques and skills in using Hydraulic Bench in determining the discharge of a fluids.
2. Formulate the equation to relate the relationship of discharge and the volume and time
3. Expand the knowledge on uses of hydraulic bench in other experiments.
Apply the techniques and skills in using Hydraulic bench relevant to professional engineering practice.
Discussion:

The quantity of fluids flowing in a system per unit time can be expressed by three different terms as
defined below:

Q= the volume flow rate is the volume of fluid flowing past a section per unit time
= A V (m3/s)

W= the weight flow rate is the weight of fluid flowing past a section per unit time
=yQ(N/s)

M= the mass flow rate is the mass of fluid past a section per unit time.
=pQ

The most fundamental of those three is the volume flow rate Q.

Resources/Instruments Required:
  Hydraulic Bench
 Timer/Stopwatch

Procedure:

By Volume –time Relationship.

1. Obtain the base area of the Hydraulic Bench
2. Prepare the stop watch and set to zero. As the water start to flow and filling the hydraulic bench,
press the timer start. Consider time about 10 seconds and simultaneously turn-off the source of
water and the stopwatch.
3. Measure the volume of the water inside the tank.
4. Repeat the procedure for about five trials.

Data and Results:

Trial Area of the Height of Time (t) Volume (V) Discharge(Q)
base(A) water(h)
(secs) (liters) (L/s)
(c m 2 ¿ (cm)

1 6.35 8.41 20 2.38

2 7.94 10.15 25 2.46
3 3150 9.52 12.59 30 2.38
4 11.11 15.03 35 2.33
5 12.7 16.79 40 2.38

Computations:

TRIAL 1
Q = 20 liters ∕8.41 s h = 20,000 cm3 ∕ 3150 cm2
Q = 2.34 lit/s h = 6.35 cm

TRIAL 2
Q = 25 liters ∕10.15 s h = 25,000 cm3 ∕ 3150 cm2
Q = 2.46 lit/s h = 7.94 cm

TRIAL 3
Q = 30 liters ∕ 12.59 s h = 30,000 cm3 ∕ 3150 cm2
Q = 2.38 lit/s h = 9.52 cm

TRIAL 4
Q = 35 liters ∕ 15.03 s h = 35,000 cm3 ∕ 3150 cm2
Q = 2.33 lit/s h = 11.11 cm

TRIAL 5
Q = 40 liters ∕ 16.79 s h = 40,000 cm3 ∕ 3150 cm2
Q = 2.38 lit/s h = 12.7 cm

Documentation:

Observation:

After gathering the data and results of the experiement we have observe that if we do
not change the valve that controls the flow rate the tank still fills at a very consistent rate.
Also it does not matter from which volume the flow rate would still be tha same.

Additional Situations:
 3. In the experiment, we uses water as our fluid. Calculate the average mass flow
rate”M” base on the conducted experiment.
4. Using the average discharge, how long we can accumulate 441.45 N of water?
5. Using the average discharge, how long we can accumulate 45 kg of water?

ANSWER:

1. QAVE = (Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 + Q5)

nTRIALS
QAVE = (2.34 + 2.46 + 2.38 + 2.33 + 2.38)
5
QAVE = 2.378 lit/s

2. QAVE = V/t

2.378 lit/s = 45 lit/t ; t = 18.923 s

3. M = ρwQAVE

M = 1kg/lit (2.378 lit/s) ; M = 2.378 kg/s

4. W = γwQAVE

W = (9.81 N/lit)(2.378 lit/s) ; W = 23.32818 N/s

W = WW/t

23.32818 N/s = 441.45 N/t ; t = 18.923 s

5. M = mW/t

2.378 kg/s = 45 kg/t ; t = 18.923 s

Conclusion:
 THE HYDRAULIC BENCH IS OF VOLUMETRIC TYPE AND
HAS BEEN DESIGNED TO PROVIDE CONTINUOUS AND
CONTROLLED SUPPLY OF WATER TO CONDUCT VARIOUS
EXPERIMENTS USING AUXILIARY MODULES IN TYPICAL FLUID
MECHANICS AND HYDRAULICS LABORATORY. THE UNIT IS AN
IDEAL SERVICE UNIT FOR CONDUCTING STUDENT PROJECTS.
THIS IS BECAUSE, IT DOES NOT REQUIRE A VERY SYSTEMATIC
PROCEDURE TO IN CONDUCTING EXPERIMENTS SUCH AS
DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. ONLY A STOPWATCH AND ITSELF
IS NEEDED IN THE INVESTIGATION. HOWEVER, SINCE IT
INVOLVES TIME MEASURING FLOW RATE USING THIS
EQUIPMENT IS PRONE TO HUMAN ERROR AND MIGHT NOT BE
ACCURATE.
AS A RESULT, THE AVERAGE FLOW RATE OF WATER
USING HYDRAULIC BENCH WAS 2.378 m3/s, WHICH RESULTED TO
MASS FLOW RATE OF 2.378 kg/s AND WEIGHT FLOW RATE OF
23.328 N/s.

Refereances:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBEPCxsuymc
8. Assessment (Rubric for Laboratory Performance):
BEGINNER ACCEPTABLE PROFICIENT
CRITERIA SCORE
1 2 3
I. Laboratory Skills
Members
Members do not Members always
occasionally
Manipulative Skills demonstrate needed demonstrate needed
demonstrate needed
skills. skills.
skills
Members are unable Members are able to Members are able to set-
Experimental
to set-up the set-up the materials up the material with
Set-up
materials. with supervision. minimum supervision.
Members
Members do not
occasionally Members always
demonstrate
Process Skills demonstrate demonstrate targeted
targeted process
targeted process process skills.
skills.
skills.
Members do not Members follow
Members follow safety
Safety Precautions follow safety safety precautions
precautions at all times.
precautions. most of the time.
II. Work Habits
Time Management / Members do not Members finish on Members finish ahead of
Conduct of finish on time with time with incomplete time with complete data
Experiment incomplete data. data. and time to revise data.
Members have
Members do not
defined Members are on tasks
know their tasks and
responsibilities most and have defined
have no defined
Cooperative and of the time. Group responsibilities at all
responsibilities.
Teamwork conflicts are times. Group conflicts are
Group conflicts have
cooperatively cooperatively managed at
to be settled by the
managed most of the all times.
teacher.
time.
Clean and orderly
Clean and orderly
Messy workplace workplace with
Neatness and workplace at all times
during and after the occasional mess
Orderliness during and after the
experiment. during and after the
experiment.
experiment.
Members require
Members require Members do not need to
Ability to do occasional
supervision by the be supervised by the
independent work supervision by the
teacher. teacher.
teacher.
Other Comments/Observations: Total Score
(TotalScore)
Rating= × 100
24