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timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

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“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 6531 (1994): Canal Head Regulators - Criteria for Design

[WRD 14: Water Conductor Systems]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 IS 6531 : 1994
( Reaffirmed 2004 )
m*9 WFFJ

Indian Standard
CANALHEAD REGULATORS-
CRTTERIAFORDESIGN
(First Revision )

UDC 626.112-55

Q BIS 1994

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

April 1994 Price Group 5

Intake Structures Sectional Committee, RVD 11

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalized by the Intake Structures Sectional Committee had been approved by the River Valley Division
Council.
Regulator provided at the head of canal offtaking from a river is termed as canal head regulator. It serves
the following purposes:

a) To regulate the supplies entering the canal: and

b) To control silt entry into the canal.
This standard was first published in 1972. The present revision has been made in view of the experience
gained during the course of these years in the use of this standard. The important modifications made in
the revision are given below:
1) Layout for curved channel head regulator in case of head works for spate irrigation system has
been added.
2) Determination of value of C has been modified.
3) Design criteria for curved channel sediment excluder for spate irrigation headworks has also been
included.

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final
value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in
accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )‘. The number of significant
places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
 IS 6531 : 1994

Indian Standard
CANALHEADREGULATOW-
CRITBRlAFORDESIGN
/ First Revision )
1 SCOPE respect to the axis of the diversion work. This
may, however, be confirmed from model studies,
This standard covers the criteria for the design of
if necessary. A typical layout of the canal head
canal head regulators.
regulator is given in Fig. 2.
2 REFERENCES
Layout of canal head regulator in case of head-
The Indian Standards listed below are necessary works with sediment excluder is given in Fig. 3.
adjuncts to this standard:
4 HYDRAULIC DESIGN
IS No. Title
4.1 General
4997 : 1968 Criteria for design of hydraulic
The hydraulic design of canal head regulator
jump type stilling basins with
consists of the following:
horizontal and sloping apron

10430 : 1982 Criteria for design of lined a) Fixation of pond level ( including losses
through structures );
canals and guidelines for selec-
tion type of lining b) Fixation of sill level, width of sill and shape
of sill;
3 LOCATION AND LAYOUT

3.1 Location c) Fixa~tion of waterway, number and width

of spans and height of gate openings,
The location of canal head regulator is inter- requirements of breast wall, etc;
linked with the location of diversion work. The
head regulator should be located as close to the d) Shape of approaches and other component
parts;
diversion structure as possible and preferably at
the end of the outer curve ( convex bend ), if e) Safety of structure -from surface flow
available, to minimize the sediment entry into consideration;
the offtaking canal ( see Fig. 1A ).
f ) Safety of structure from sub-surface flow
3.2 Layout consideration; and

The canal head regulator should be properly g) Energy dissipation arrangements; terminal
aligned so as to reduce silt entry into the canal structures.
to ‘; minimum and avoid backflow and formation
4.2 Pond Level
of stagnant zones in the pocket. To achieve this,
the a& of canal head regulator may be located Pond level, in the under-sluice pocket, upstream
at an angle of SO” to 110” ( SM Fig. 1B ) with of the camal head regulator should generally be

UPSTREAM

+
CANAL

Fm. 1A CANAL HEAD REGULATOR DOWNSTREAM A CONVEX BEND

1
IS 6531 : 1994

Q OF HEADWORKS

Fra. 1B ALIGNMENTOFHEAD REGULATOR

LOOSE APRON

PERVIOUS FLOOR

-
2A Typical Plan of Head Regulator

2
 IS6531:1994

SPACE FOR GATE GATE GROOVE

HOISTING PLATFORM

BREAST WALL -AX15 L’ HEAD

BAFFLE BLOCK

IMPERVIOUS FLOOR

2B Typical Section 07 Head Regulator

Fro. 2 LAYOUT OF CANAL HEAD REGULATOR

FOM TOT- i\

C.C. BLOCKS

D/S LMMZHnni APRON U/S INVERTED FILTER

U/S LAUNCHING APRON

\
31L-l EXCLUDER TUNNELS Y
s
x=I_
FLOW

3A Typical Plan of Head Regulator with Sediment Excluder

obtained by adding the working head to the the full supply discharge in the canal at a speci-
designed full supply level in the canal. The work- fied pond level. To obtain control on entry of silt
ing head should include the head required for into the canal it is desirable that the sill of head
passing the designed discharge into the canal and regulator should be kept higher than the sill of
the head losses in the regulator. If under certain under-sluices, as much as possible, commensurate
situations there is a limitation of pond level, the with the economic waterway and the driving
full supply level should be fixed by subtracting head available. If a silt-excluder is provided, the
the working head from the pond level. In regions sill level of head regulator should be determined
of high altitude where there is a possibility of ice in conjunction with the design requirements of
formation, a cover of ice of about 0.5 m may be silt-excluder.
added to the working head.
4.3.1 The required head over the sill ff, for pass-
4.3 SZll Level ing a discharge Q, with an effective waterway L,
should be worked from the following formula:
Sill level should be fixed by subtracting from
pond level the head over the sill required to pass Q= CL, ffe3’4

3
IS 6531 : 1994

AXIS OF HEAD REGULATOR

t-

MAX. POND LVL CEMENT CONCRETE LINW.-

TPANSiTlON PORTION
______ -- ______
AAMOURED STEEL PLATE BOULDER SET FACING i
I
I
I * *t *

PRESSWE
I * lj/I
RELiEF VALVE

--SECTICW ._~ X -X
GRANITE STONE
LEVEL VAF1IES
~__

36 Longitudinal Section of Canal Head Regulator with Sediment Excluder

Fra. 3 LAYOUT OF CANAL HEAD RECWLATOR WITH SEDIMENT EXCLUDER

where C = a coefficient;

Q = discharge in ms/s; L, = effective waterway in m; and

C = a coefficient ( see 4.3.1.1 ); HI and H, = total heads to the bottom and top
of the orifice.
JS = effective waterway in m; and
He = required head over the crest for passing 4.3.2 Width qf Sill
a discharge Q, in m. Width of sill should be kept according to the
4.3.1.1 In the formula given in 4.3.1 the exact requirements of the gates, trash and stop logs
value of C depends on many factors; such as head subject to a minimum of 213 He.
over the sill, shape and width of the sill (W), 4.3.3 Shape of Sill
upstream slope (51) and downward slope (&) of
the sill, height over the upstream floor (P) and The edges of sill should be rounded off with a
roughness of its surface. Some values of C for radius equal to He. The upstream face should
H generally be kept vertical and the downstream
varied % and -G- for ungated flow and for sloped at 2 : 1 or flatter.
& = 0, zz = 2 and 3 are shown in Fig. 4. The 4.4 Having decided upon the effective waterway,
discharge reduction factor for varied submergence the total waterway between the abutments includ-
ing piers should be worked out from the following
ratios -zc be obtained from Fig. 5 [H* : depth
formula:
of tail wattr level above the crest 1. The values of
Lt=L,+ 2(.7VKEc, + Ila)&+ W
C be determined by model studies where values
based on prototype observations on similar struc- where
tures are not available.
Lt = total waterways,
But when the outflow is controlled by partly open L, = effective waterways,
gates, the condition similar to sluice flow deve-
JV= number of piers,
lopes, The required head in this case may be
computed by the following equation: K, = pier contraction coefficient ( see 4.4.1 ),
K-, = abutment contraction coefficient
Q = 2136-2g.Le ( H18/a - H,sI= ) ( see 4.4.2 ),
where H B = head over crest, and
Q = discharge in ms/s; W = total width of all piers.
 IS 6531 : 1994

1.2
I I,- HORIZONTAL CREST
I I I I

Ha/w

Fro 4 RECOMMENDATION FOR COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE FOR VARIED I&, P AND W

4.4.1 R .ecommended values of K, are as follows:

a) For square nose piers with corners rounded

with a radius equal to about 0.1 of the pier
thickness:

II, = 0.02
b) For rounded nose piers:
K, = 0.01

c) For pointed nose piers:

x, = 000

4.4.2 Recommended values of K, are as follows:

a) For square abutments with head walls at

90” to the direction of flow:

b) For rounded abutments with head walls a.t

L_
90” to the direction of flow for

O-5 He > T > O-15 H,

r
K, = 0.1
---
3
c) For rounded abutments where r > 0.5 He,
and head wall is placed not more than 45O 4.5 Shape of Approaches and Other Compo-
to the direction of flow: nent Parts
The shape of approaches and other component
where parts should preferably be fixed by means of
r= abutment rounding radius. model studies. However, for works of medium
 IS 6531 : 1994

size the criteria given in 4.5.1 and 4.5.2 may be 4.6.4 Length and Thickness of Upstream and Down-
adopted. &earn Loose Aprons

4.5.1 At the upstream inlet a smooth entry should Just at the end of concrete floor on the down-
be ensured by providing circular, elliptical or stream an inverted filter I.5~to 2 D long ( D being
hyperbolic transitions as shown in Fig. IA and the depth of scour below bed ), consisting of 600
Fig. 2. The splay may be of the order of 1 : I to to 900 mm deep concrete blocks with open gaps
3 : 1. These transitions should be confirmed by ( 100 - 150 mm to be suitably filled with coarse
model studies, where necessary. material ) laid over 500 to 800 mm graded filter,
should be provided. The graded inverted filter
4.5.2 At the downstream side, straight, parabolic should conform to -the following design criteria:
or hyperbolic transitions should be provided as
shown in Fig. 1A and Fig. 2. The splay may be D 15 of filter D 15 of filter
of the order of 3 : 1 to 5 : 1. These transitions D 15 01 foundation >4> D 85 ot foundation
should be confirmed by model studies, where The subscript to D ( 15 or 85 ) means the grain
necessary.
size than which the percentage indicated by the
subscript is finer.
4.5.3 Wing walls should normally be kept vertical
up to the end of the impervious floor beyond 4.6.4.1 Downstream of the inverted filter, loose
which they should be flared from vertical to the apron 1.5 D long cmsisting of either boulders of
actual slope of the canal section. However, in not less than 40 kg or wire boulder cratrs should
order to obtain greater economy the wing walls be provided so as to ensure a minimum thickness
may be kept vertical up to the toe of glacis beyond of 1 m in launched position.
which they may be flared gradually to l/2 : 1 at
the end of irnpervious floor. In the remaining 4,6.4.2 Upstream of the impervious floor, blocks
length, wing walls may be flared from l/2 : 1 to and loose apron should be provided which should
the actual slope of the canal section, be similar to that provided in the corresponding
weir or barrage.
4.6 Safety of Structure on Permeable
Foundations from Surface Flow Considera- 4.7 Safety of Structure on Permeable
tions Foundation from Sub surface Flow Consi-
derations
In the case of regulators on permeable founda-
tions, the factors enumerated in 4.6.1 to 4.6.4 For this, the factors enumerated from 4.7.1
should be determined. In case of downstream to 4.7.3 should be considered.
non-erodible beds protective measures may not be 4.7.1 Exit Gradient at the End of Impervious Floor
necessary.
It should be determined from accepted formulae
4i6.1 Depth of UpJtream Cut-Off in Relation to Scour and curves. The factors of safety for exit gradient
for different types of soils should be as follows:
On the upstream side of the head regulator, cut-
off should be provided and taken to the same Shingle 4 to 5
depth as the cut-off stream of diversion work. 5 to 6
Coarse sand
4.6.2 Basin Dimensions and Appurtenances Fine sand 6 to 7

These should be provided in accordance with 4.7.2 Total Floor .Lenpth of Impervious Floor and
IS 4997 : 1968. Depth of Downstream Cut-Off

4.6.3 Thickness of Floor on Sloping Glacis with These two parameters are inter-related. Total
Reference to Hydraulic Jump floor length can be decreased by increasing the
depth of downstream cut-off and vice ver.ca, but
increase in the depth of downstream cut-off
The hvdraulic jump profile should be plotted
should result in increase in the concentration of
under different conditions of flow. Average height
uplift pressures, specially in the lower half of the
of the jump trough should then be obtained by
floor. A balance between the two should have to
deducting the levels of the jump profile from
be arrived on the basis of economic studies and
corresponding hydraulic gradient line. This will
other requirements, if any.
be taken as the unbalanced head for which safety
of glacis floor should be ensured. As a rough 4.7.2.1 Minimum of total floor length required
guide the unbalanced head may be assumed to be should be the sum of:
l/2 ( d, - dl ) where dl and d2 are conjugate
depths at the beginning and end of the hydraulic a) horizontal floor in the downstream from
jump. surface flow considerations ( see 4.6 ),

7
IS 6531 : 1994

b) length required to accommodate sloping 5.2 Fundamental Principle

glacis and crest; and Streams carry most of sediment load of coarser
c) about 3 m extra, upstream of the crest or grade near the bottom. If these bottom layers are
length required from other considerations. intercepted and removed before the water enters
the canal, most of the sediment load causing
4.7.2.2 Depth of downstream cut-off should be rilting up would be withdrawn. This is generally
worked out for this floor length to ensure safe achieved by constructing:
exit gradient. If depth of downstream cut-off so
calculated is excessive, it can be reduced in a) tunnel type sediment excluders suitablv
increasing upstream floorlength. As a rough guide located in front of different bays of the
depth of downstream cut-off should not be less head regulators, and
than ( d/2 + 0.5 ), where d is the water depth in a curved channel with skimming
b) weir
metres corresponding to full supply discharge. towards the canal as shown in Fig. 3. It is
4.7.3 Thickness of Downstream Floor with Reference recommended that hydraulic model tests
to Uplift Pressure be carried out to check the performance of
the proposed design.
Uplift pressures at key points on the floor should
be determined from the accepted curves and 6.3 Design Criteria for Sediment Excluder
formulae, corresponding to the condition that 6.3.1 &poach
there is high flood level in the river upstream of
head regulator and no water in the canal down- The river approach plays an important part and
stream of head regulator. Upstream of sill, only it should be kept straight to the mouth of the
nominal floor thickness of about 1 m should be tunnels as far as possible.
provided.
63.2 Design of Tunnels
5 OPERATION
a>Location and
der tunnels
number of tunnels - The exclu-
are located in front of the
5.1 Provision for Breast Wall
canal head regulator and their alignment
If the maximum flood level to be attained after is generally kept parallel to the regulator.
construction of the weir is not very high as com- The number of tunnels is determined by
pared to the full supply level of canal, that is, if the available discharge for escapages,
the difference is up to 1 m, gates may be carried approach conditions and length of the
right above the high flood level. But when the canal regulator; usually four to six
difference is considerable, economy may be tunnels are provided. Any change in the
achieved by limiting the height of gates and alignment, if found necessary, should be on
providing a breast wall to stop the floods. smooth curves.
5.2 Working Platform Spacing and bell mouthing rfi tunnels - The
b)
tunnel nearest to the head regulator has to
A bridge and working platform should be pro-
be of the same length as that of the regu-
vided for the operation of gates. The height of
lator. The consecutive tunnels should be
working platform depends upon the travel of
spaced at distances such that the mouth of
gates. When there is a breast wall, the gate has to
the one nearer to the head regulator comes
rise up to its bottom whereas in other case it has
within the suction zone of the succeeding
to go above hiqh flood level. Working platform
tunnel so that no dead zone is left between
should be such that counter-weights are clear of
the two to permit sediment to deposit. The
water in the canal.
extent of suction and distance between the
5.3 The canal head regulator may have to be mouth of two tunnels should normally be
operated under partially open conditions during determined by model. Generally a distance
high flood which may have to be taken under con- of about 12 m may be adequate. The
siderations while designing the height of gates. tunnels should be suitably bell mouthed at
the inlet to minimize entry losses and
6 SEDIMENT EXCLUSION DEVICES improve suction. Bell mouthing should be
done within the thickness of divide wall
6.1 Sediment excluder is a device constructed in and may be done on any suitable elliptical
the river bed in front of a canal head regulator to curve.
prevent, as far as possible, sediment entering into
the offtaking canal. This sediment exclusion c) Size of tunnels - Size of tunnels depends
becomes necessary, where excessive sediment upon the number of tunnels, self-clearing
entry into the canal causes silting-up and gradu- velocity of flow required to be provided
ally reduces its capacity. Such devices are neces- which may be kept 3 m/s for the alluvial
sary, if sediment entering the canal is harmful. and 4.0 to 4.5 m/s for the boulder stage

8
 IS 6531 : X994

river and the discharge available for escap 6.3.6 Losses in Tunnels
age. Besides, the convenience of a man for
inspection and repairs should also be kept These should comprise friction losses and losses
in view. at the bends and transitions and should be com-
puted by the following formulae:
Roof and bed of tunnels - The roof slab of
the tunnels should be kept flush with sill a) Friction loss
of the canal regulators and the bed kept
at the upstream floor level of weir/anicut/
barrage.
where
e) Exit - All the tunnels outfall into the
stilling basin through one or two under- hi = head loss in m,
sluice bays of the weir or anicut next to
the canal regulator. It is usually one in V = velocity in m/s,
case of sandy reaches and two in the case L = length of tunnel in m,
of rivers in shingle or bouhler stage. The
tunnels should be suitably throttled later- N I- rugosity coefficient values of
ally or vertically or both as the conditions rugosity coefficient ( .N ) for
may be to produce accelerating velocities various surfaces should be taken
in the tunnels; maximum being at the exit as gi.ven in IS 10430 : 1982, and
end so that sediment material once extrac- R c hydraulic mean depth.
ted does not deposit anywhere in the b) Loss due to bend
tunnels.
hb = f ( V2/2g ). ( 8/180 )
f) Bend radius - Straight tunnels should be
where
preferred for the sediment excluders; how-
ever, if a bend becomes inevitable. Its hb = loss Jue to bend,
radius may vary from 5 to 10 times the
f = 0.124 + 3.134 ( S/2r )lP,
tunnel’s width.
g - acceleration due to gravity,
g) Tranjitions - All transitions to piers, in
bellmouthing at top or sides should pre- 0 = angle of deviation in degrees,
ferably be elliptical, the major axis being S = width of tunnel in m, and
in the direction of flow and two to three r = radius of bend along centre line of
times the minor axis. tunnel in m.
6.3.3 Control Structure c) Transitional loss due to change of velocity
in expansion
The excluder tunnels are operated-by the under-
sluice gates. These should be regulated either for ho-K(+) - (9)
the tunnels to run full bore or to remain comple-
tely closed. where
6.3.4 Outfall Channels X = coefficient which may vary from 0.1
No separate outfall channel is required for the to 0.5 from gradual to abrupt tran-
sediment excluders. As already mentioned above, sitions,
these outfall into the river downstream of the weir he 0 transitional loss due to change of
or anicut through under-sluice bays. In the case velocity in expansion,
of shingle or boulder bed rivers a provision of V, and Vz = velocities before and after the
some additional contrivance, that is, a sort of transition, and
guide wall in the stilling basin may become
necessary to eliminate formation of big deposits g = acceleration due to gravity.
there. 6.4 Design Criteria for Curved Channel
6.3.5 Escapage Discharge and Minimum M’orking Sediment Excluder for Spate Irrigation
Head Headworks
The layout of curved channel sediment excluder
The seepage discharge is generally governed by
is shown in Fig. 3. Some factors relevant to such
sediment size and load. Escapage discharge of
a design are:
15 to 20 percent of the canal discharge is generally
required. A minimum of 0.5 to 0.75 m of working a) river flow variability,
head is required for sediment excluders on sandy
b) sediment transport rates in the river,
rivers and minimum of 1.0 to 1~25 m is required
for excluders on shingle or boulder beds. c) availability of water for sluicing purposes*

9
IS 6531:1994

d) availability of head for sluicing purposes, 6.4.2 Water Requirement for Sluice Flow
and A sluice flow of about 10 to 20 percent of the
canal flow be provided for sediment exclusion.
e) river mobility.
6.4.3 Tail Water Level
The efficiency of the curved channel sediment
6.4.1 Principle of Design excluder is strongly dependent upon tail water
level. For variation of tail water depths from 84
Water surface in curved channel flow becomes to 116 percent ( of weir crest height from down-
super elevated ( higher on the outside ) and a stream floor ) the efficiency varies from 75 to 30
spiral flow develops. The bottom current moves percent. To preserve the curvature effect of the
towards the inside of bend, and in this region the sluice channel velocities should not be too low
sediment will be moved away ~from the outside of and hence depths of flow should not be too large.
the bend provided the current is sufficiently
strong. For spate irrigation systems, the principle 6.4.4 It is desirable to verify the hydraulic design
can be used by constructing a suitably curved of curved channel sediment excluder through
local sluice and approach channel. model studies.

10
 Bureau of Indian Standards

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harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
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Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also
reviewed oeriodicallv: a standard along with amendments IS reaffirmed when such review indicates that
no changes are neehkd; if the review-indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision.
Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or
edition.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot : No. RVD 11 ( 30 ).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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* ?
इंटरनेट मानक

Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 7114 (1973): Criteria for hydraulic design of cross

regulators for canals [WRD 13: Canals and Cross Drainage
Works]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 ( Reaffirmed 2004 )

Indian Standard
CRITERiA FOR
!
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF CROSS 1
REGULATORS FOR CANALS

(Fourth Reprint AUGUST 1993)

UDC 627,845

43 Copyright 1974

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

Gr 3 June 1974
 15:7114-1973

Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR
HYDRAULIC Di3STGN OF CROSS
REGULATORS FOR CANALS

Canals and Canal Linings Sectional Committee, BDC 57

Chairman Representing
SHRI K.V. SREENIVASARAO Central Water & Power Commission, New Delhi

Members
SHRI M. M. ANANI) Irrigation & Power Department, Government of
Punjab
SHRI S. S. SAHI ( Alternate)
SHRI K. BASANNA Public Works Department, Government of Mysore
CHIEF ENGINEER ( IRRIGATION ) Public Works Department, Government of Tamil
Nadu
Sam K. SUNDARAM (Alternate )
SHRI 0. P. DATTA Beas Designs Organization, Nangal Township
DEPUTY SURVEYOR GENERAL Survey of India, Dehra Dun
MAJ S. N. DIMRI (Alternate )
SHRI H. C. DuAwAN Irrigation & Power Department, Gavernment of
Haryana
DIR~CCTOR Central Water & Power Research Station, Poona
DIRECTOR Irrigation Department, Government of Rajasthan
DIRECTOR Land Reclamation, Irrigation & Power Research
Institute, Amritsar
Pavsrors~ ( Alternate )
DIRECTOR ( FBD ) Central Water & Power Commission, New Delhi
Snxr R. L. DIWAN Bihar Institute of Hydraulic & Allied Research,
Khagaul
DR S. P. GARB Irrigation Research Institute, Roorkee
SHRI S. C. MITTAL ( Alternate )
SHRI I. P. KAPILA Central Board of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi
San1 G. N. KATHPALIA Planning Commi&m, Government of India
Snn~ R. V. RA~THIDEVAN ( Alternate) _
Ssnr S. D. KULKARNI’ Irrigation %z Power Department, Government of
Maharashtra
Snnr P. S. KA~THEKAR ( Alternate )
SHRI M. A. MEHTA Concrete Association of dndia, Bombay
Sam Y. K. MEHTA ( dllernafc)

( Continued on pap 2 )

1
@ Coplright 197k
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
‘This publication is protected under the Indian Co@right Act (XIV of 1957 ) a&
~, reduction in whole or in part by any means except with written ermission of the
w ‘g lisher shall be deemed to b6 an, infringement of copyright un LJ)
er the said Act.
 18:7114- 1973

I ( Contitrued from pngc I)

Members
SERI M. K. SINGHAL Water Resources & Development Training Centre,
University of Roorkee
SRRI K. T. SURUDHI Irrigation & Power Department, Government of
Orissa
SHRI P. S. YOO Irrigation L)epartmenl,Governmanr of Uttar Pradesh
SRRI D. AJITHA SIMHA, Director General, IS1 4 Fx-oficio Member )
Director ( Civ Engg )

Secretaries

SERI G. RAMAN
Deputy Director ( Civ Engg), BIS

SRRI O.Vnsnr~Ir,va~
Assistant Director ( Civ Engg), BIS

2
 IS : 7114- 1973/

Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF CROSS
REGULATORS FOR CANALS
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by theIndian Standards Institution
on 22 September 1973, after the draft finalized by the Canals and Canal
Linings Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering
Division Council.
0.2 Cross regulator is a structuie constructed across a canal provided with
arrangements to regulate the discharge for the following purposes:
a) To feed offtaking canals in low supplies;
b) To escape water from canils in conjunction with escapes;
c) To control water surface slope in conjunction with falls, for bringing
the canals to regime slope and section;
d) To divert supplies to other canals or part of the same canal to
enable repairs and construction work;
e) To control discharge at an outfall of canal into another canal or
lake; and
f) To ensure safety of canal lining where subsoil water levels are
high.
0.2.1 Cross regulators may be combined with bridges and falls from
economic or any other special considerations. When the available working
head in an offtaking canal~is more than half the full supply depth in the
parent canal, cross regulators may not generally be’provided in conjunction
‘with head regulators. The structural design of the cross regulator has to
be closely co-ordinated with that of the head regulator of offtake when
built in conjunction with the same.
0.3 This standard covers the criteria for hydraulic design and important
structural details of cross regulators on canals as distinct from weirs and
barragks constructed across rivers. The criteria for hydraulic design of
barrages and weirs are given in” Indian Standard criteria for hydraulic
design of barrages and weirs ’ ( underpreparation).
0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated,
expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accord-
ance with IS : 2- 196@. The number of significant places retained in the
rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified-value in this
standard.
lSi&EpFbliah&aslS: @g&41973
tIi’;l& for row&g off &me&al values ~reoiscd ).
IS : 7114- 1973

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers the criteria for hydraulic design of cross
regulators for canals.
1.1.1This standard also covers the design criteria for regulators
combined with falls.
1.1.2 Although a cross regulator may be combined with a bridge, this
standard does not cover the details of the piers, abutments and bridge
decking for vehicular traffic.

2. WATERWAY
2.1 The linear waterway to be provided for the cross regulator should be
according to 2.1.1 to 2.1.3.
NOTE - Marginal adjustments in the waterway may be made to suit the gates of
standard size and/or flash boards for regulation.

2.1.1 For an headless regulator (that is, when there is no fall between
upstream and downstream full supply levels) in an’unlined canal the
overall linear waterway may be kept equal to the bed width in case of
shallow and wide canals ( for example, irrigation canals) and equal to
the mean width of the canal in the case of canals with deep and narrow
sections ( for example, drains) to .avoid undesirable constric.lon and
concentration of discharge.
-2.1.2 For headless regulator on lined canal the clear linear waterway
may be kept equal to the average width of the canal and overall linear
waterway equal to width of the canal at full supply level with marginal
adjustments in both.
2.1.3 Where the regulator is combined wjth a fall the clear linear
waterway would depend on the following two conditions:
a) For submerged falls, the drawing ratio (that is, the ratio of
railwater over crest to head water over crest) should be greater
than 0’8; and
b) For free falls, the discharge per unit length over the crest should
be equal to or greater than that required for the available loss of
head and the required value of the full supply depth downstream
(generally above downstream bed level or above downstream
cistern in certain cases ).
The value of fluming ratio Bt/B (that is, ratio ofclear waterway to
design bed width downstream) obtained from Fig. 1 would generally be
found to ensure the above two conditions and should not be kept less
than 0’5 although it has to be fixed keeping in view the requirements of
setting the crest in accordancewith 3.1.2.
0
5 04
a
4
E
3
IL

4 0.7

s
jE

FULL SUPPLY DISCHARGE D/S OF FALL

FIG. 1 FLUMINGRATIOS FOR FALLS COMBINED WITH REGULATORS

2.1.3.1 In case of falls where modular working (accompanied by

formation of distinct hydraulic jump or standing wave ) cannot be ensured
due to small working heads, the dimensions of waterway should be
judiciously selected to aIlow passage of discharge at subcritical velocities.
2.2 Number and Width of Bays
2.2.1 The number of bays in a canal may’ be kept odd from aesthetic
reasons and to avoid a pier in the centre of the canal where the concen-
tration of discharge and consequently the scour may be somewhat more.
This would also help in better check over the centre line of the can@
because of direct visibility. In special cases, however, the number of bays
may be kept even.
2.2.1.1 The width of each bay for K&e regulation should generally
be kept equal to or less than 2.5 m but in no case more than 3 m.
2.2.1.2 For needle regulation the width of each bay may generally be
kept between 3 and 6 m,

3
IS : 7114- 1973

2.2.1.3 For depths of flow greater than 2 m, gate regulation is

adopted. The width of each bay for gate regulation should be kept in
accordance with standard sizes of gates, which are readily available or
can conveniently be manufactured without much loss of time and effort.

3. CREST LEVEL

3.1 In the case of unlined canals only a sill is provided. In the case of
lined canals a crest is generally provided to red&e the height of regulation
arrangement. The crest level shall he fixed according to 3.1.1 and 3.1.2.

3.1.1 The crest level of the cross regulator combined with fall shall be
worked out using the follo\ving equation:

where
Q= full supply discharge in mg/s,
C = coefficient of discharge,
Rl = clear waterway in m, and
N= head over crest = full supply level upstream + head due ro
velocity of approach ( ha ) - crest level.
Norm - In the above formula the exact value of C, th+, coefficient of discharge
depends on many factors, such as the head over the sill shape and width of the crest.
its height over the upstream floor and roughness. of its surface. It is, therefore,
recommended that the value of C be determined by model studies where values based
on prototype observations on similar structures are not available.

3.1.2 In a lined canal, setting of the crest above bed (upstream 01

downstream, whichever is higher), should not be less than 15 cm noI
higher than 40 percent ~of the normal depth of the canal upstream and
fluming ratio calculated according to 2.1.3 may be adjusted accordingly.

3.2 The crest profile (that is, upstream glacis, crest, downstream glacis
and the radii joining the upstream and downstream glacis with the crest )
should be kept in accordance with requirements for a fall.

3.2.1 Generally for discharges higher than 10 cumecs the upstream and
downstream glacis should have a ‘slope of the two horizontal to one
vertical. The crest width shall be fixed from operational cosiderations
subject to a minimum of 2/3 H (where H is the head over crest ). The
radius joining the crest with upstream glacis should be kept equal to H and
the radius joining the crest with downstream glacis should be kept eq+fai
to 1.5 H.
3.2.2 For discharges lower than 10 cumecs the slope. of downstream
glacis shall be kept at 2’5:l. The upstream glacis should be entireb of

6
 1837114-1973

a circular~curve without any straight portion. The radius of the circular

curve is obtained ~from the following formula:

R = 3H=-x=
B
2x-
where

Ra = radius of curvature of upstream glacis in cm,

H= head over crest in m, and
x = height of crest above upstream bed in m.

The curve joining the crest with the downstream glacis should have a
radius of 60 cm.

4. HEAD LOSS
4.1 The loss of head due to expansion and contraction depends on the
type of transitions provided. The foilqwing general guidelines for
calculating this loss shall be adopted:
a) When the transitions are smooth the loss is zero at the inlet and
( 0.5 x change in vklocity head ’ at the exit, and
Ii) When the transitions are abrupt thq loss is” 0’5 X change in velocity
head’ at the &let and ‘ 1’5 x change in velocity h,cad’ at the exit.

4.2 The losses of head in the structure due EO friction are negligible and
need not be computed.

5. CISTERN DIMENSIONS
5.1 Length of downstream cistern should be such as to absorb the turbulent
flow downstream of the hydraulic jump and shall be determined according
to the procedure given in IS : 4997- 1?68*.

5.2 The elevation of cistern floor with respect to crest level shall be
determined according to the procedure given in IS : 4997-1968’.

6. EXIT GRADIENT AND UPLIFT PRESSURE

6.1 The structure should be checked for safe exit gradient in accordance
with accepted theories and adequate length of floor and downstream cut
off wall should be provided for safe values of exit gradients. An exit
gradient of 02 to 0.3, depending on type of soil and importance of struc-
ture, may be considered safe for ordinary conditions. If the overall length
of impervious floor is inadequate, the downstream curtain wall has to be
deepened to the required extent.

*Criteria for design of hydraulic jump type stilling basins with horizontal and sloping
apron.

7
IS : 7114- 1973

6.2 The thickness of floors provided shall be sufficient to resist uplift

pressures calculated in accordance with accepted theories.

6.2.1 The uplift pressures should be worked out for the following two
conditions and the calculation of floor thickness shall be based on the
higher value of uplift pressure:
a) When the upstream water level is headed up to full supply level
and downstream cistern is pumped dry.
b) When the upstream water level is headed up to full supply level
and varying discharges pass downstream.
NOTE - The maximum uplift would occur at the point where the trough of the
standing wave is located.

6.2.2 In case the subsoil water level is higher than the full supply level
upstream, special precautions should be taken against uplift,

6.2.3 Pressure relief arrangements should be provided in the case of

important structures subjected to high uplift pressures. When these
arrangements are provided suitable reduction in uplift pressures may be
provided .depending upon the soil and the effectiveness and expected
performance of the relief measures provided.

7. OTHER REQUIREMENTS

7.1 The upstream and downstream approaches should be smooth and

should generally conform to the requirements for falls.

7.2 The upstream and downstream curtain walls, bed protection and
provision of staggered blocks, if any, should conform to the requirements
for falls.
7.3 The regulation arrangements may comprise of flash board (iCarrie)/
needle regulation or gate regulation or both depending on the importance
of the structure. .
7.4 The piers and abutments shall have vertical faces without any batter
in the portion where gates are provided. A double set of flash board
grooves with 30 cm clear space in between shall be provided when flash
board regulation is adopted, as shown in Fig. 2. The length of the piei
should be checked for safety against sliding for the following conditions:
a) Water headed up to fuli supply level on upstream and do\vnstream
dry.
b) When there is maximum differential head calrsed by closure 01‘
one bay in addition to superimposed loads.

7.5 For gate regulation, a platform generally 1.5 to 2 m wide should be

provided for accommodating lifting arrangements as shown in Fig. 2. Also
whD~>‘iash boards are provided: a platform should be provided downstream
( :i‘ T:~ZBashboard grooves, as shown in Fig. 2. In case of needle regulation

II
 IS : 7114 - 1953

--_--_
c-e -__

x
T ----_

---___

Fxo. 2 REGULATORWITH GATE AND Karrie REGULATION

9
IS : 7114- 1973

a foot rest for the needle shall be provided on the crest as shown in I&. 3..
The needles should preferably ‘have a slope of 15 and the shape of’ the
abutting edge of the regulation platform should be tapered accol.dingly.

Q rNEEDLE

FIG. 3 REGULATOR WITH NEEDLE REGULATION

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