MADHYA PRADESH WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT Design Series Technical Circular No.36 3-9-93 (Issue Vide Memo No.229 /BODHI/R & C/TC/11/93, Dt.*9%.. Guidelines for design_of_stop_dams_on_continuous._pervious foundations. 1 General Stop dams are barriers constructed across nalla and yivulets to store water to certain depth confined well within the top of river bank level. In general, stop dams are to be constructed across streams having hard impervious strata at or near their bed level. However, these dams may exceptionally be required to be constructed on rivers having permeable foundations. In which context, a stop dam can be defined as a_ low, barrage/weir and should in principle be designed based on the design criteria being applied for design of barrages/weir. Following guidelines are therefore being issued for design of stop dams across streams having continuous pervious foundations. These guidelines shall be referred to as a complementary to the guidelines issued Vide Technical Circular No.30 Vide BODHI's memo No.215/ Bodhi/ R&C/ TC/ 11/ 88 Dated 29.04.91. 2. Data_required for_design. Data required for design of such stop dams are listed below:~ : 2.1 Catchment area_(M)- catchment area upto the stop dam site may be worked out from Topo sheets of scale ratio 1:50,000 issued by the G.S.I. However, for catchment area less than 2.5 sq.km actual catchment. area survey should be carried out. 2.2 Hydraulic gradiont_(8)s. J Hydraulic gradient or average water surface slope, considering the nalla reach 0.5 km. u/s and 0.5 km a/s of the proposed stop dam site should be worked out for the water surface of the main stream flowing through unobstructed river cross section. DRAFT2.WPS Page-1 ne neaheaenremlamn inertia \GO2.3 Observed Mighest Flood Level. (H.E.L.) W.F.L. may be confirmed from local inquiry or if possible by actual observations 2.4 Observed. Maximum Flood: The maximum flood, on the © isis of discharge data available for as many years as possible should be calculated. 2.5 Cross Section: cross section of nalla at proposed stop dam site may be plotted on a convenient scale after carrying out proper survey. 2.6 Information about foundat Lon: Type and extent of strata available at construction site may be confirmed by excavating, trial pits at the dam site. The depth of a trial pit should be equal to H or 1.5 m which ever is more. Where “H! represents height of stop dam above stream bed level. 2.7 Yalues of constants_and_coefficients: a) Manning's 'n! b) Dickens Coefficient 'c! c) Lacey's Silt factor 'f! a) A constant 'Cy," depending upen fineness of material. Degign procedure: 3.1 The maximum flovd to be taken as designed. flood should be based on the observed fleod of as many years as possibic. The value should #iso be checked using frequency snalysis in which past xecord of the floods for as many years as available is used and with stat:stical approach, flowd of 50 year return period ‘; computed. 50 year return period flood indicates a value of the flcoi which occurs atleast once in 50 years. oF bage-23.2 The following Formula may also be used for working nut max. flood in casey.) above is not possible. a) Dicken!s..formula: = (m3/4 in cumec where, Q = Max.flood discharge in cumee for 3 hour spate. M catchment area of the stream upto stop dam site in sq.km. © = Dicken's coefficient. It's value in M.K system varies from 11 to 25. Higher value be adopted for steep and small catchment areas and for dams of greater hazard potential. b) Prolonged _£lood:. Apart from spate of high intensity and short duration (as above in case of Dicken's formula), maximum flood discharge for prolowse! floot which will depend on the type and slope of the catchment, may also be worked out bascd on following va‘ues: i) For catchment area upto 500 sq.km. Run olf duc to rainfall of 1.50 cm per hour for 24 hour: ii)For catchment area above 500 sq.km; Run off due to rainfall of 0.75 cm per hour. for 24 hours be adopted. : c} Using Manning's equation max. velocity may be found out corresponding to the maximum flood discharge. At the observed M.W.L. the area may be calculated. The discharge will be = A x V. Manning's equation he written as below: v= ayn x (s)}/? (R)2/? where Vo Velocity of Clow in virgin stream in m/s. $ » Water surface slope R- aA/P 1 ~ Wetted perimeter of nalla in m A= Area of nalla section corresponding to M.W.L. in sq.m. : n= Rugocity constant or Manning s constant. (For rivers in bad order and regime. the value may be adopted as 0.03) 3.3 Adopt the highest value of flood as worked out from above 3.1 or 2.2 and co-relate it with the revised M.W.L., if required, by trial and error method, satisfying the Manning's equation. DRAFT2.WPS Page-33.4 Fix up the top level of stop dam. It should, however, not be more than 2 m from the deepest river bed level. Lay out of the stop dam should be such that the piers and openings as provided should give max. opening area. 3.5 Find out afflux under two conditions of flow: i) (At the maximum flood discharge. ii) At the discharge when the virgin nalla flow level is at proposed top elevation of stop dam. + v2 + + a2 + Afflux= | -- 40.015 | | --- -a1 + 2g + + a2 + Where, V= Velocity of flow through the virgin section in m/s A = Unobstructed area of cross section of nalla in sq.m. a = Reduced area of Nalla Cross section on account of obstruction due to construction in Sq.m. 9 = Acceleration due to gravity. In M.K.S. = 9.81 n/s/s. Afflux-The difference of water elevation at any point upstream of obstruction before and after its construction. Maximum afflux occurs just upstream of obstruction. 3.6 Where discharge per metre length of nalla. Max. discharge in cumec. p = Wetted perimeter in m. R = llydraulic mean radius in m. (ii) Add 20% for concentration of flood qd = design discharge = 1.20 x q 3.7 Eind out the scour depth below H.F.L. Ds = 1.374 ( qd2/£)1/3 Where, bs = Depth of scour in m, measured from the Il.F.L. qd = Design discharge in cumec per m run of the nalla bed. £ = Lacey's silt factor = 1.76 fie mr = Average particle size in mm. (In absence of any value this may be taken as 0.80.) DRAFT2.uPS Page-43.8 Length of floor: MI Length of floor shall be: 0 (4) Ls ----- 0.12 or (41) Le cp xn : where, Ho= Maximum hydraulic head under any working condition. SL = A constant which may be taken as 7 to 12. (For fine sand the value may be taken as 12. The value may be reduced for silty sand.) Larger floor length worked out by (4) & (ii) above may be adopted. 3-9 Thickness of floor Floor thickness may be worked out from the formula H t= 1.20 ~-------- (re-1) Where, t Floor thickness in'm H Gan iTum hydraulic Head acting over floor of stop dam in m. under any working condition. Fe = Density of concrete in T/m3 which generally adopted as 2.4, The thickness of the floor may be gradually reducea Fo 0.5 m. at the downstream end of the floow, 3-10 Repth of cut_offs:. Measuring from HFL, provide depth of U/s & D/s_cut offs as 1.2 Ds and 1.5 Ds respectively. Where,~Ds! denotes depth of scour. However, the depth of cutoff quail not be less than 2 m from the river bod level. Minimum thickness at the bottom of cut oft should be 0-50 m and should be well connected with tloo DRAFT2.WPS Page-53.11 Length of Loose apron: it has to be provided beyond the downstream end of the floor. Length of loose apron (La) with 35 cm. average size fhe TOOK fragments / boulders,should be greater of the following: (1) Equal to the depth of scour in m (41) Equal to the total width of clear opening in the stop dam in m. 3-12 Bank protection: Bank protection against erosion is generally unavoidable for both up stream and dow2 strean portions. This increases the cost of stop dam Substantially and sometimes may be too costly and Proposal has to be dropped. Routinization of protection is not possible and decision may vary from site to site depending upon the hydraulic gradient and depth of flow, shape and depth of bank and type of soil. It is advised to provide the down stream bank protection up to the full léngth of bank. The protection may be made of conerets blocks Gr fs rock fragments both flexible. The average Gimension of which should not be less than o/s °s on ane gizections laid over the trimmed nalla’ pane” hue Proposal of constructing the wing walls can acy be considered. The height of such Protection should ee etary above the top of dam or twice the marsnac afflux under condition 3.5(ii) above. 3-13 Bank connections: The structure of the stop dam should be keyed in to the banks minimum two and half times the maximum head of water above foundation level in case of soil Sroutetthered rock. In case of sandy soil, keying fhould be minimum three and half tines’ the naximum head of water above foundation. 2-14 2% typical design along with drawing of stop dam on Permeable foundation is enclosed. DRAFT2. WPS. Page-63.15 This technical circular is mainly intended to introduce the field officers to a _ sct design procedure to fulfill the present day needs wherever required. Nothing herein need be taken as dogmatic and the implementing officers are absolutely free without making any reference to the higher up, to make such changes as the site conditions may warrant and to improve upon the design if they find that such changes will improve safety and quality of work along with achieving economy on the basis of their past engineering experiences. b— * A wee 693 Wer ape TS.P. PALT WAL) K. AMBAJ! ))" Chief Engineer ngineer-in-Cnief BODHI, Bhopal (M.P.) Water Resources Department Bhopal (M.P.)A_TYPICAL_DESIGN..OF..STOR_DAM ON PERYIOUS FOUNDATION STEP-1 DETERMINATION OF DESIGN FLOOD (i) As per clause 3.2 of 1.C. using Dicken's formula Qg = cH 3/4 Q = 19.4 (89.427)9/4 = 564.16 cumec sees (ii) As per clause 3.2(b) (i) of T.C. 89.427x1000x1000 Qe meee cece n beeen ten nenn= 100 60x60 = 372.61 cumec (iil) as per clause 3.2(C) using — Manning's equation at observed HFL i.e. 101.00 m (in present case) 1 Q = Ax v= aAx-- x 82/2 x (R)2/? n since s = .0018 and R = 3.08 (as worked out) 1 =188.50 x --x (0.0018) 2/2 x(3.08)?/3 0.03 =564.16 cumec tetris c value larger among A and B above should be approximately equal to the value C, In case it aiffers considerably change the HFL to match the discharge value by trial and error. STEP-2 DETERMINATION OF AFFLUX, (i) AT THE MAXIMUM FLOOD DISCHARGE. (All openings closed) 1 vow nex s2/2xR?/3 n = 2.9937 m/sec. Say 3 m/sec. + + (188.50)? 40.015 | }--— 2x9.81 + +(188.50-20)? Page-1(ii) At the discharge, when the flow in virgin nalla is at the’ devel of proposed stop-dam-crest and atl gates open. 1 R2/3g1/2 (flow in virgin nalla at the n level of proposed stop dam- crest) (1.5)2/3 (0, 0018) 1/2 0.03 = 1.85 m/sec. + (1.85)? won---= 40.015 2x9.82, Afflux toe nee + { } + = - 0.9945 m Say lm beeen ee AZ (iii) Afflux when the gates are closed for the discharge under condition when the flow in virgin nalla is at the level of proposed stop-dam-crest. Under this condition the stop dam may be assumed to behave as broad crested weir. Q = 1.85 x 20 = 37 cumec. 2 =cxLx H/2 1.6 x 12 x H9/2 = 37 Ho = 1.548 m Say 1.60 m bee ee ee eA Compare Al, A2 and A3 and adopt maximum value as afflux. Page-2Ser DRVERMINATION OF CUP-OFF DEP Flood Discharge per metre =q = 61.219 - 2 x 3.08 = 10.246 Cumec/m Design flood discharge per metré qd = 1.20 x 10.246 = 12.30 cumec/m Ds = ‘Scour depth Where f = 1.76 x(0.8) 1/2= 1.574 Ds = 6.29 m Say 6.50 m (i) u/s cut off = 1.2 x Ds = 1.2 x 6.50 = 7.8m Elevation of bottom of u/s cut off = 101 - 7.8 = 93.20 m Check: . {This level should be < (The minimum nalla bed level~ 2 m) i.e. 94,50 - 2.0 = 92.50 m Thus the bottom of u/s cut off is provided at BL 92.50 m (ii) d/s cut off = 1.5 x Ds 1.5 x6.5 = 9.75 m Elevation = 101.0 - 9.75 = 91.25 m check: This level should be < (The nalla bed level - 2 m) ise. 94.50 -2.0 = 92.50 m provide a/s cut off bottom at EL 91.25 m. ) » Page-3STEP-4 STEP-5 STEP-6 DEVERMINATLON OF FLOOR LENGTIL Find out the maximum operative head as follows: (4) Top level, of stop dam - lowest ‘a/s nalla’ bed level = 2.0 m (ii) Maximum afflux as worked out under STEP-2=1.60m Maximum Operating Head H = 2m H (i) Length of floor L =----- 0.11 2 = cn-- = 18,18 m O.11 al (ii) Length of floor L = cy,x H =12x2= 24m Provide length of floor larger of (i) and (ii) above. Thus length of floor provided= 24 m DETERMINATION OF FLOOR THICKNESS " = 4" © a Maximum Operating Head a Thickness of floor = 1.75 0 The floor thickness may be gradually reduced to 0.50 m as shown in the drawing. LENGTH OF LOOSE APRON (4) Scour depth = 6.5m" (i4i)Potal Length of opening = 4 x 1.5 = 6m Provide length of loose apron larger of (i) and (ii) above. Thus length provided = 6.50 m ~--###--~ Page-4FIN