1.Slrb Design

SINGLE LANE BRIDGE ACROSS LOCAL STREAM NEAR ANDUGULPET (V) MANDAMARRI (M), MANCHIRYAL DIST.
NOTE ON DESIGN FEATURES
For crossing the local stream a SINGLE LANE BRIDGE is proposed.

1. THE HYDRAULIC PARTICULARS:
Sl.No Particulars Units

1 Discharge ( R ) Cusecs 229.000
12 Stream Bed Level metres 96.915
13 MFL metres 100.9
14 T.B.L metres 101.5
15 Existing road level @ crossing metres 101.5
16 Proposed formation level of road metres 102.400
2. VENT WAY:
Three vents of 7.50 m clear span are proposed at this crossing.
3. SUPER STRUCTURE:
A clear carriage width of 4.25 m is proposed between the kerbs as per IRC:5-1998. R.C.C deck slab of 7.50 m
clear span is proposed and designed for the Single Lane Road Bridge.
5. SUB STRUCTURE:
a. Pier
The height of pier above the top of foundation level to the bottom of P.C.C deck slab is 7.675 m. 0.90 m width
rectangular pier with cut and ease waters is proposed in R.C.C. M20 grade. The stability of the pier is checked
and the rienforcement steel is proposed as per IRC: 21-2000 and IRC: 78-2000.
a. Abutment & Return walls(us/ds)
The abutment & return wall proposed in C.C. M15 grade. The stability is checked and the stresses worked
out at the top of concrete and the foundation strata on soil are found to be with in the allowed limits.
6. FOUNDATIONS:
a. Pier : Foundation are proposed in VRCC M20 grade.
a. Abutment & Returns : Foundation are proposed in C.C. M15 grade.
7. BED BLOCKS:
Bed blocks of 0.3 m thick are proposed over abutment in R.C.C. M25 grade.
9. MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS:
Approach slab, Railing, Drainage Spouts, Expansion Joints, Approaches etc.., are proposed as per M.O.S.T.
Drawings and I.R.C. codes. The design is prepared most economically based on the relevant provision of IRC
and IS codes keeping in view the stability, feasibility and safety.
Calculation of Bed Fall
Level @ 0m U/S = 96.915

Level @ 80m D/S = 97.391
+ 96.915 - +97.391
Bed fall = = 0.00595
80
Say 1 in 168.07
Level @ -200m U/S = 98.455

Level @ 0m D/S = 96.915
+ 98.455 - +96.915
Bed fall = = 0.00770
200
Say 1 in 129.9
Average bed Fall = 0.00682

Say 1 in 147
3/4
Maximum Flood Discharge Q = CM
Where ,
Q = Maximum Flood Discharge in Cumecs
2
M = Catchment Area in Sq. Km = 26.750 KM
Catchment Area in Sq. Miles = 10.332 Sq.miles
C = Constant & value of C should be adopted as under
Value of C Catchment area in Sq. Miles

1400 Upto 1 Sq.miles
1200 1 to 30 Sq.miles
1060 More than 30 Sq.miles
3/4
Q= = CM 3/4
= 1400 ( 10.332 ) = 8068.1 Cusecs

= 228.463
3
= 229.00 M /sec
CALCULATION OF MFL AT CANAL CROSSING
1 Dicken's Formula:
229.00 Cumecs
Adopt a bed fall of 1 in 147 & the value of n as 0.030
MFL @ Crossing RLs

Chainage
-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
100
Elevation
95
6. M.F.L. Calculations
M.F.L at Crossing : Assuming the MFL as 100.856
Average Perimeter Cross
M.F.L. Depth Distance Area (Sq.m)
Stream bed levels Depth (m) Chainage
100.856
101.485 -0.63 0 0.00 0.00 -20
100.485 0.37 -0.13 5 5 -0.65 5.10 -15
99.300 1.56 0.96 5 5 4.82 5.14 -10
98.300 2.56 2.06 5 5 10.28 5.10 -5
96.915 3.941 3.25 5 5 16.24 5.19 0
98.480 2.38 3.16 5 5 15.79 5.24 5
99.450 1.41 1.89 5 5 9.45 5.09 10
100.985 -0.13 0.64 5 0 0.00 0.00 15
101.985 -1.13 -0.63 5 0 0.00 0.00 20
30 55.94 30.86
R2/3 = (A/P)2/3
=( 55.935 / 30.86 )2/3
= 1.487 m
V = (1/0.03) x 1.487 x 1/√ 147
= 4.094 m/sec
corresponding Q = AxV 0
= 55.935 x 4.094 -6506
= 229.0 cumecs = 229.0 cumecs
-26635
SINGLE LANE BRIDGE
Hydraulic Particulars of Stream
S.No. Particulars Value Units
1 Discharge(Required) 229.000 Cumecs

2 Discharge(Designed) 229.000 Cumecs
3 Bed Width 15.000 metres
4 F.S. Depth 3.941 metres
5 RBL 96.915 M
6 MFL 100.856 M
7 T.B.L. 101.500 M
13 Free board 0.90 metres
14 Road Level (Proposed) 101.500 M
Maximum Drain Discharge = 229.000 Cumecs
Lacey's Width (Wetted Perimeter) = 72.64 m
Drain Width(as per Lacey's Wetted Perimeter)= 43.58 m
Proposed Drain Width= 43.58 or say 44 m
Trial Pit Particulars :

96.915 G.L.
All Soils 1.415 95.500
SDR 1.800 93.700

HDR 0.700 93.000
SCOUR DEPTH CALCULATION FOR PIER
discharge (Q) = 229.000 Cumecs.
Width at MFL = 22.500 m
Silt factor (f) = 4.75
Canal discharge per metre

10.178 Cumecs.per meter width.
width (q) =
Scour depth (R) = = 1.346 (q2/f)1/3
= 3.761 m
Maxium scour depth (D)

= 2R
= 7.521 m
Scour Level at Point of Crossing
Scour Level = FSL - Scour Depth

100.856 - 7.521
= 93.335
Foundation Level for Piers
However provide pier
Foundation Levels = 93.000
Foundation Level for Abutments
Minimum depth of foundation
2
P 1-sinf
Mininum depth of foundation = g 1+sinf
where P = Soil Pressure in t/m^2 = 20 t/m^2

g =density of soil in t/m^3 = 1.8 t/m^3
f =Angle of Repose = 28 degrees
0.48869
Hence, minimum depth of foundation = 1.448 metres
Ground Level = 96.915
Foundation Level as per minimum depth of foundation =95.467
.: However provide
Foundation Level = 93.000 as per scour requirements
SCOUR DEPTH CALCULATION FOR ABUTMENT
discharge (Q) = 229.000 Cumecs.
Width at MFL = 30.000 m
Silt factor (f) = 4.75
Canal discharge per metre width (q) = 7.633 Cumecs.per meter width.
Scour depth (R) = 1.346 (q2/f)1/3
= 3.104 m
Maxium scour depth (D)

= 1.27R
= 3.942 m
Scour Level at Point of Crossing
Scour Level = FSL - Scour Depth

100.856 - 3.942
= 96.914
Foundation Level for Piers
However provide pier
Foundation Levels = 95.000
Foundation Level for Abutments
Minimum depth of foundation
2
P 1-sinf
Mininum depth of foundation = g 1+sinf
where P = Soil Pressure in t/m^2 = 20 t/m^2

g =density of soil in t/m^3 = 1.8 t/m^3
f =Angle of Repose = 28 degrees
0.48869
Hence, minimum depth of foundation = 1.448 metres
Ground Level = 96.915
Foundation Level as per minimum depth of foundation =95.467
.: However provide
Foundation Level = 95.000 as per scour requirements
DESIGN OF DECK SLAB
Clear span = 7500 mm

Assumed bearing = 450 mm
Assumed thickness of deck slab = 600 mm
As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 304.3.1, minimum clear cover is 40 mm
Clear cover = 40 mm
Dia of main reinforcement bar (assumed ) = 20 mm
Effective depth = 600 - 40 - 10
= 550 mm
As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 305.4.2, effective span shall be least of the ( clear span + effective depth ) or ( centre to
centre distance)
Clear span + effective depth = 7500 + 550

= 8050 mm
Centre to centre distance = 7500 + ( 2 x 450 / 2 )
betweensupports = 7950 mm
Effective span ( lo ) = 7950 mm
Width of carriageway = 4250 mm
Width of kerb = 225 mm
Thickness of kerb = 225 mm
Thickness of wearing coat = 75 mm
Width of deck slab = 4250 + 2 x 225
= 4700 mm
Live load = IRC Class 'A'
Grade of concrete = M 25
Grade of steel = Fe 500
As per IRC: 21-2000,clause 303.1, from tables 9, permissible flexural compressive stress ( σ cbc ) for M20 grade
concrete and from
2
σ cbc ( M 25 grade concrete ) = 8.5 N/mm
2
σ st ( Fe 415 grade steel ) = 240 N/mm
Design constants
As per IRC: 21-2000, from clause 303.1 for calculating stresses in section, a modular ratio ( E s /E c ) of 10 may be
adopted
m = 10
r = σ st / σ cbc
= 240 / 8.5
= 28.235
k = m / ( m + r )
= 10 / ( 10 + 28.235 )
= 0.262
j = 1 - k / 3
= 1 - 0.262 / 3
= 0.913
Q = ( 1 / 2 ) x σ cbc x k x j
= ( 1 / 2 ) x 8.5 x 0.262 x 0.913
= 1.015
Page 1 of 10
As per IRC: 6 -2000, clause 211.3, impact factor is calculated as follows
Impact factor ( I ) = 4.5 / ( 6 + lo )
= 4.5 / ( 6 + 7.95 )
= 0.323
Dead load & dead load bending moment calculations
Dead weight of deck slab = 0.60 x 2.5 x 1
= 1.50 t/m
Dead weight of wearing coat = 0.075 x 2.4 x 1
= 0.18 t/m
Dead weight of kerbs = 2 x 0.225 x 0.225 x 1.00 x 2.5
= 0.25313 t/M
Dead weight of parapet = 2 x 0.6 x 0.2 x 1x 2.5
= 0.6 t/M
Total dead load = 1.50 + 0.18 0.25 0.6
= 2.53 t/m
2
Bending moment due to dead load = W x lo / 8
2
= 2.53 x 7.95 / 8
= 20.01 t-m
Live load & live load bending moment calculations

As per IRC: 21-2000, from clause 305.16.2, for a single concentrated load, the effetctive width may be calculated in
accordance with the
bef = α x a x { 1 - a / lo } + b1
bef = The effective width of slab on which load acts
lo = The effective span
b = Width of the slab
a = The distance of the centre of gravity of the concentrated load from the nearer support
b1 = The breadth of concentrated area of the load, i.e., the dimension of the tyre or track contact area over
the road surface of the slab in a direction at right angles to the span plus twice the thickness of the
wearing coat or surface finish above the structural slab
α = A constant having the following values depending upon the ratio b / lo, where b is the
width of the slab
b / lo = 4700 / 7950
= 0.59
b / lo = 0.50 → α = 1.72
b / lo = 0.60 → α = 1.96
b / lo = 0.59 → α = 1.72 +( 0.24 / 0.10 ) x 0.091
= 1.94
2.70 2.70 11.40 11.40 6.80 6.80 6.80 6.80
1.10 3.20 1.20 4.30 3.00 3.00 3.00

P Q R S T U V W
Class ' A ' Train
For the maximum live load bending moment, the loads of 2.7 t, 11.4 t and 11.4 t should be kept such that the resultant
of the load system and the load under consideration should be equidistant from the centre of span, details as shown in
figure.
2.70 11.40 R 11.40
0.97 3.002 0.099 0.099 1.00 2.874

A D E F B
3.98 3.98
7.95
Page 2 of 10
I) Dispersion width under D
Dispersion width under D ( bef )
= α x a x { 1 - a / lo } + b1
= 1.94 x 0.97 x { 1 - 0.97 / 7.95 } + 0.35
= 2.01 m > 1.80 m → Dispersion widths are overlaping
Left Dispersion width = 2.01 / 2 = 1.003
Tyre Width = 0.20 m
Kerb width = 0.225 m
Kerb wheel gap = 0.15 m
Possible Dispersion on Left side from center of the left wheel of the vehicle
= 0.10 + 0.225 + 0.15
= 0.475 m
Possible Left dispersion width < Left Dispersion width
Hence Provide Left dispersion width = 0.475
Dispersion width = 1.800
Combined dispersion width = Left Dispersion + Dispersion width + Dispersion width/2
Combined dispersion width = 0.475 + 1.80 + 1.003
= 3.28 m
Combined dispersion width = 3.28 m
Intensity of load under D = Load(1+impact factor)/ combined dispersion width
Intensity of load under D = 2.70 x 1.323 / 3.28
= 1.09 t
II) Dispersion width under E

Dispersion width under E ( bef )
= α x a x { 1 - a / lo } + b1
= 1.94 x 3.975 x { 1 - 3.975 / 7.95 } + 0.65
Tyre Width = 0.50 m
= 0.25 + 0.225 + 0.15
= 0.625 m
= 4.677 m
Combined dispersion width = 4.68 m since dispersion width shall not be greater than width of slab
Intensity of load under E = Load(1+impact factor)/ combined dispersion width
Intensity of load under E = 11.40 x 1.323 / 4.68
= 3.22 t
IV) Dispersion width under F

Dispersion width under F ( bef )
= α x a x { 1 - a / lo } + b1 /2
= 1.94 x 2.874 x { 1 - 2.874 / 7.95 } + 0.65
Tyre Width = 0.50 m
Page 3 of 10
= 0.25 + 0.225 + 0.15
= 0.625 m
= 4.529 m
Intensity of load under E = Load(1+impact factor)/ combined dispersion width
= 3.33 t
1.09 3.22 R 3.33
0.97 3.002 0.115 0.115 1.20 2.874 B

A D E F
3.98 3.98
7.95
Taking moments about B
Ra x 7.95 = 3.33 x 2.87 + 3.22 x 4.30 + 1.09 x 7.31
= 31.403
Ra = 31.403 / 7.95
= 3.95 t
Rb = 1.09 + 3.22 + 3.33 - 3.95
= 3.69 t
Max.live load bending moment = Rb x 3.860 - 3.33 x 1.20

= 3.69 x 3.860 - 3.33 x 1.20
= 10.258 t-m
Total bending moment = Dead load BM + Live load BM
= 20.01 + 10.26
= 30.27 t-m
Effective depth required ( de ) = √ (M/(Qxb))
7
= √ 30.27 x 10 / ( 1.015 x 1000
= 546.20 mm < 550 mm
Design of main reinforcement

Area of main reinforcement required ( Ast ) = M / ( σ st x j x de )
7
= 30.27 x 10 / ( 240 x 0.913 x 550 )
2
= 2512.21 mm
As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 305.19, minimum area of tension reinforcement is 0.12 % of total cross sectional area
Minimum area of tension reinforcement = 0.12% of total cross sectional area
Page 4 of 10
= ( 0.12 / 100 ) x 1000 x 600
2 2
= 720.00 mm < 2512.21 mm
Providing 20 mm dia of bars

2
Area of one reinforcing bar ( ast ) = ( π / 4 ) x 20
2
= 314.29 mm
Spacing of main reinforcement = ( ast / Ast ) x 1000
= ( 314.29 / 2512.21 ) x 1000
= 125.10 mm
However provide mm dia of bars at 100 mm c/c
20
Area of main steel provided = ast x 1000 / spacing
= 314.29 x 1000 / 100

2 2
= 3142.86 mm > 2512.21 mm
Design of distribution reinforcement

As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 305.18.1, distribution steel is to be provided for the resisting moment equals to
0.3 times the moment due
Resisting moment = 0.3 x LLM + 0.2 x DLM
= 0.30 x 10.26 + 0.20 x 20.01
= 7.08 t-m
Efeective depth = 600 -534 40 - 20 - 6
= 534 mm
Area of distribution steel required = M / ( σ st x j x de )
7
= 7.08 x 10 /( 240 x 0.913 ) x 534
2
= 605.18 mm
Min.area of distribution reinforcement in one face
= ( 0.06 / 100 ) x 1000 x 600

2 2
= 360.00 mm < 605.18 mm
2
Hence provide minimum distribution reinforcement of = 605.18 mm

2
2
= 113.14 mm

= ( 113.14 / 605.18 ) x 1000
= 186.96 mm
However provide 12 mm dia of bars at 150 mm c/c
Area of distribution steel provided = ast x 1000 / spacing

= 113.14 x 1000 / 150
2 2
= 754.29 mm > 605.18 mm
Top reinforcement
Page 5 of 10
2
As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 305.10, shrinkage and temparature reinforcement of 250 mm is to be provided in each
direction
2
Area of steel required for top reinforcement = 250 mm

2
2
= 78.57 mm
Spacing of top reinforcement = ( ast / Ast ) x 1000
= ( 78.57 / 250.00 ) x 1000
= 314.29 mm
Provide 10 mm dia bars at 300 mm c/c at top to take care of temparature and shrinkage in either direction
And Provide distribution steel of 10 mm dia bars at 300 mm c/c at top
Check for shear
As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 305.16.3, dispersion of load along the span equal to the dimension of the tyre
contact area over the
Longitudinal dispersion width = 250 + 2 x ( 600 + 75 )

= 1600 mm
For maximum shear, the load is kept at a distance of ' d ' from the support
d = 1600 / 2
= 800 mm
Case I 2.70 2.70 11.40 11.40
1.65 1.10 3.20 1.20 0.80

A C D E F B
3.98 3.98
7.95
Dispersion width under C

Dispersion width under C ( bef )
= α x a x { 1 - a / lo } + b1
= 1.94 x 1.65 x { 1 - 1.65 / 7.95 } + 0.35
= 2.89 m > 1.80 m → Dispersion widths overlaping
Tyre Width = 0.20 m
= 0.10 + 0.225 + 0.15
= 0.475 m
= 3.718 m
Page 6 of 10
Intensity of load under C = 2.70 x 1.323 / 3.72
= 0.96 t
Dispersion width under D
= α x a x { 1 - a / lo }+ b1
= 1.94 x 2.75 x { 1 - 2.75 / 7.95 }+ 0.35
Tyre Width = 0.20 m
= 0.10 + 0.225 + 0.15
= 0.475 m
= 4.194 m
= 0.85 t
Dispersion width under E
= α x a x { 1 - a / lo } + b1
= 1.94 x 2.00 x { 1 - 2.00 / 7.95 } + 0.65
Tyre Width = 0.50 m
= 0.25 + 0.225 + 0.15
= 0.625 m
Combined dispersion width =
= 4.201 m
= 3.59 t
Dispersion width under F
Dispersion width under F ( bef )
= α x a x { 1 - a / lo } + b1
= 1.94 x 0.80 x { 1 - 0.80 / 7.95 } + 0.65
Tyre Width = 0.50 m
= 0.25 + 0.225 + 0.15
= 0.625 m
Page 7 of 10
Combined dispersion width =
= 3.448 m
= 4.37 t
0.96 0.85 3.59 4.37
1.65 1.10 3.20 1.20 0.80

A C D E F B
3.98 3.98
7.95
Ra x 8 = 4.37 x 0.80 + 3.59 x 2.00 + 0.85 x 5.20

+ 0.96 x 6.30
= 21.1559
Ra = 21.16 / 7.95
= 2.66 t
Rb = 0.96 + 0.85 + 3.59 + 4.37 - 2.66
= 7.11 t
Case II
11.40 11.40 6.80
0.80 1.20 4.30 1.65

A C D E B
3.98 3.98
7.95
Dispersion width under C

Dispersion width under C ( bef )
= α x a x { 1 - a / lo } + b1
= 1.94 x 0.80 x { 1 - 0.80 / 7.95 } + 0.65
Tyre Width = 0.50 m
= 0.25 + 0.225 + 0.15
= 0.625 m
= 3.448 m
Intensity of load under C = 11.40 x 1.323 / 3.45
= 4.37 t
Dispersion width under D

= α x a x { 1 - a / lo } + b1
= 1.94 x 2.00 x { 1 - 2.00 / 7.95 } + 0.65
Tyre Width = 0.50 m
Page 8 of 10
= 0.25 + 0.225 + 0.15
= 0.625 m
= 4.201 m
= 3.59 t
Dispersion width under E

= α x a x { 1 - a / lo } + b1
= 1.94 x 1.65 x { 1 - 1.65 / 7.95 } + 0.53
Tyre Width = 0.38 m
= 0.19 + 0.225 + 0.15
= 0.565 m
= 3.898 m
= 2.31 t
4.37 3.59 2.31
0.80 1.20 4.30 1.65

A C D E B
3.98 3.98
7.95

Ra x 8 = 4.37 x 7.15 + 3.59 x 5.95 + 2.31 x 1.65
= 56.431419
Ra = 56.431419 / 7.95
= 7.10 t
Rb = 4.37 + 3.59 + 2.31 - 7.10
= 3.17 t
Shear force due to live load = 7.11 t
Shear force due to dead load = 2.53 x 7.95 / 2
= 10.07 t
Total shear force = LL shear force + DL shear force
= 7.11 + 10.07
= 17.18 t
As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 304.7.1, the design shear stress is caculated as follows
Design shear stress ( τ ) = V / ( b x d )
= 17.18 / (1 x 0.55 )
2
= 31.24 t/m
2
Area of main steel provided = 3142.86 mm
100 ( Ast / b d ) = 100 x 3142.86 / ( 1000 x 550 )
= 0.57
As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 304.7.1.3.1, from table 12B
Page 9 of 10
2
100 ( Ast / b d ) = 0.50 → τc = 0.30 N / mm
2
100 ( Ast / b d ) = 0.75 → τc = 0.35 N / mm
100 ( Ast / b d ) = 0.57 → τc = 0.30 + ( 0.05 / 0.25 ) x 0.07
2
= 0.314 N / mm
As per IRC: 21-2000, from clause 304.7.1.3.2 and table 12c

Perimissible shear stress in concrete = k x τc (vide table 12C of IRC: 21-2000)
= 1.00 x 0.31428571
2
= 0.314 N / mm
2 2
= 31.43 t/m > 31.24 t/m
Design of kerb reinforcement

Width of kerb including parapet = 225 + 200
= 425 mm
Thickness of kerb = 225 mm
Width of parapet = 200 mm
Depth of parapet = 600 mm
Dead weight of kerb = 0.425 x 0.225 x 2.5
= 0.24 t/m
Dead weight of parapet = 0.20 x 0.60 x 2.4
= 0.29 t/m
Live load on kerb = 0.425 x 0.40
= 0.17 t/m
Total load on kerb = 0.24 + 0.29 + 0.17
= 0.70 t/m
2
Bending moment due to total load = W x lo / 8
2
= 0.70 x 7.95 / 8
= 5.51 t-m
Effective depth required ( de ) = √ ( M/ (Qxb))
7
= √ 5.51 x 10 / ( 1.015 x 425 )
= 357.36 mm
However provide over all depth of kerb = 287.50 mm
Depth upto the bottom of the deck slab = 887.50 mm
Effective depth provided = 287.50 - 40 - 8

= 239.50 mm
Area of distribution steel required = M / ( σ st x j x de )
7
= 5.51 x 10 / ( 240 x 0.913 x 239.50 )
2
= 1049.58 mm
2
2
= 201.14 mm
No. of bars = 1049.58 / 201.14
= 5.22 say 6 Nos.
Area of steel provided = 6 x 201.14
2 2
= 1206.86 mm > 1049.58 mm
Distribution reinforcement
Nominal reinforcement = ( 0.12 / 100 ) x 425 x 287.50

2
= 146.63 mm
2
2
= 50.29 mm
= ( 50.29 / 146.63 ) x 1000
= 342.95 mm
Area of distribution steel provided = ast x 1000 / spacing

= 50.29 x 1000 / 300
2 2
= 167.62 mm > 146.63 mm
Page 10 of 10
PIER- LIVE LOAD REACTION CALACULATIONS
Width of pier = 900 mm

Height of the pier = 7.975 mm
Clear span = 7500 mm
Effective span = 7950 mm
Live load
For class A train of vehicles, the following are the cases considered for the maximum live load reaction
Case I
2.70 2.70 11.40 11.40 6.80 6.80
4.10 1.10 3.20 1.20 4.30 2.45
7.95 0.45 7.95

C A B D
Taking moments about C
RA x 7.95 = 2.70 x 4.10 + 2.70 x 5.20

= 25.11
RA = 25.11 / 7.95
= 3.16 t
Taking moments about D
RB x 7.95 = 6.80 x 2.45 + 11.40 x 6.75 + 11.40 x 7.95 + 6.80 x 0.00

= 184.24
RB = 184.24 / 7.95
= 23.17 t
RA + RB = 3.16 + 23.17
= 26.33 t
RA - RB = 3.16 - 23.17
= 20.02 t
Case II
2.70 2.70 11.40 11.40 6.80 6.80
2.90 1.10 3.20 1.20 4.30 3.00 0.65
7.95 0.45 7.95

C A B D
RA x 7.95 = 2.70 x 2.90 + 2.70 x 4.00 + 11.40 x 7.20

= 100.71
RA = 100.71 / 7.95
= 12.67 t
RB x 7.95 = 6.80 x 3.65 + 11.40 x 7.95 + 6.80 x 0.65

= 119.87
RB = 119.87 / 7.95
= 15.08 t
RA + RB = 12.67 + 15.08
= 27.75 t
RA - RB = 12.67 - 15.08
= 2.41 t
Case III
2.70 2.70 11.40 11.40 6.80 6.80
2.45 1.10 3.20 1.20 4.30 3.00 1.10
7.95 0.45 7.95

C A B D
RA x 7.95 = 2.70 x 2.45 + 2.70 x 3.55 + 11.40 x 6.75 + 11.40 x 7.95

= 183.78
RA = 183.78 / 7.95
= 23.12 t
RB x 7.95 = 6.80 x 1.10 + 6.80 x 4.10

= 35.36
RB = 35.36 / 7.95
= 4.45 t
RA + RB = 23.12 + 4.45
= 27.56 t
RA - RB = 23.12 - 4.45
= 18.67 t
Case IV
2.70 2.70 11.40 11.40 6.80
3.65 1.10 3.20 1.20 4.30 2.90
7.95 0.45 7.95

C A B D
RA x 7.95 = 2.70 x 3.65 + 2.70 x 4.75 + 11.40 x 7.95

= 113.31
RA = 113.31 / 7.95
= 14.25 t
RB x 7.95 = 6.80 x 2.90 + 11.40 x 7.20

= 101.8
RB = 101.80 / 7.95
= 12.81 t
RA + RB = 14.25 + 12.81
= 27.06 t
RA - RB = 14.25 - 12.81
= 1.45 t
As per IRC: 6-2000, clause 211.7, if height of pier below the bed block is more than 3.0 m, then the impactor
percentage is zero.
RA + RB ( MAX ) = 27.75 t
RA - RB ( MIN ) = 20.02 t
3
DESIGN OF PIER
Longitudinal section of pier Cross section of pier
deck at centre
5.100 m + 102.400 m
0.075 + 102.325 m
0.600 + 101.725 m
4.250 m 0.000 + 101.725 m
0.3 4.700 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.90 101.425
0.000 101.425 m
0.000 101.425 m
5.60 m + 100.856 MFL
4.70 m 0.90
7.975 3.941 FSD
0.75 5.60 0.75 96.915 RBL
3.165 93.750
0.750 0.90 93.750
0.75 93.000
7.10 m 3.80
Width of slab in the normal direction = 5.100 m

Carriageway width = 4.250 m
width of piercap = 0.900 m
Length of pier cap = 4.700 m
Depth of pier cap at edge = 0.300 m
Depth of pier cap at pier face = 0.300 m
Width of pier = 0.900 m
4
Length of pier = 4.700 m

Width of foundation = 2.600 m
Depth of foundation at pier face = 0.750 m
Depth of foundation at edge = 0.750 m
Total Length of span = 8.500 m
Length of clear span = 7.600 m
Effective span ( c/c of bearings) = 8.050 m
Allowable free board ( as per IRC 5-1998) = 0.900 m
For M20 grade concrete
Maximum direct commpressive permissible stresses ( as per IRC-21-2000) = 500 t/sqm
Maximum flexural compressive stresses ( as per IRC-21-2000) = 667 t/sqm
Maximum tensile stresses for M20 concrete ( as per IRC-21-2000) = 61 t/sqm
Unit weight of concrete
( as per IRC-6-2014) = 2.5 t/cum
SECTIONAL PROPERTIES OF PIER:
0.900
0.450 4.70 0.450
Length of pier = 5.600 m

Area of cut and ease waters = 0.636 m2
Area of straight portion = 4.230 m2
Total cross section area = 4.866 m2
Equivalent length = 5.407 m
Modulus of section of pier at base ie at +93.75 m
Area of pier at base = 5.407 x 0.900 = 4.866 m2
2
Zxx of pier at base (road way dir) = 1/6 x 5.407 x 0.900 = 0.730 m3
5
2
Zyy of pier at base (canal flow dir.) = 1/6 x 5.407 x 0.900 = 4.385 m3
3
M.I xx of pier at base (road way dir) = 1/12 x 5.407 x 0.900 = 0.328 m3
3
M.I yy of pier at base (canal flow dir.) = 1/12 x 5.407 x 0.900 = 11.855 m3
Modulus of section of foundation concrete ie at +93 m

Area of foundation = 7.100 x 3.800 = 26.980 m2
2
Zxx of foundation (road way dir.) = 1/6 x 7.100 x 3.800 = 17.087 m3
2
Zyy of foundation ( canal flow dir.) = 1/6 x 7.100 x 3.800 = 31.926 m3
LOADS COMING ON TO PIER :

a. Dead load:
1 Dead load from super structure
0.675 X 4.900 X 8.500 X 2.500 = 70.28 t
2 Dead load from railing
Add 10% = 7.028 t
3 Dead load from pier cap
[( 4.700 + 5.60 ) / 2 x 0.000 +
( 4.700 x 0.300 )]x 0.90 x 2.500 = 3.173 t
2 Dead load from pier bed block(rectangular portion at top)
5.60 x 0.900 x 0.30 x 2.500 = 3.780 t
3 Weight of pier ( with semi circular cut and ease waters)
I Above pier base 4.866 x 7.675 x 2.5 = 93.370 t
ii Below MFL 4.866 x 4.841 x 2.5 = 58.893 t
iii Below RBL 4.866 x 3.165 x 2.5 = 38.504 t
4 Weight of pier with 100% buoyancy
93.37 -( 58.89 / 2.5 )x 1.00 = 69.81 t
6
5 Weight of pier with 15% buoyancy

69.81 -( 38.50 / 2.5 )x 0.15 = 67.50 t
6 Weight of foundation
7.100 x 3.800 x 0.750 x 2.5 -
2 x 1/2 x 7.100 x 1.450 x 0.000 x 2.5 = 50.588 t
7 Weight of foundation with 15% buoyancy
50.588 x 2.35 / 2.5 = 47.552 t
b. Live load Reactions :
Live load (with out impact) = 27.75 t

Impact cann be neglected as the height of pier is more than 3.00m (vide cl 211.7© of IRC: 6-2000)
Maximum live load reaction on pier reaction = 27.746 t
HORIZONTAL FORCES :
Tractive force or Braking force on pier due to class- A train of vehicles :
The Braking force for this loading is the maximum that is coming on the span
I.e., 35.00 t for one lane of class 70R loading
Braking force at each end 35.000 x 1 x 20% = 7.000 t
acting at 1.20 m above road level = 1.2+ 102.400 = 103.600 m
Change in vertical reaction due to braking force
= 7.000 ( 1.2 + 0.675 ) / 8.05 = 1.630 t
Moment at the base of pier due to braking force = 7.000 x 7.975 = 55.825 t.m
Moment about top of soil due to braking force= 7.000 x 8.725 = 61.075 t.m
Moment due to live load eccentricity :-

a) Eccentricity perpendicular to road way ( canal flow direction )
7
(longitudinal) :-
One lane of class 70R

Two lanes of class A Loading Loading
Distance of C.G of L .L from the edge of the kerb 0.15+0.5/2+1.8+0.5/2+1.2/2 1.2+2.79/2
3.05 m 2.595 m
Eccentricity of loads from the centre line of bridge -0.925 m -0.470 m
Max.liveload 55.841 t 62.532 t
Moment -51.653 t.m -29.390 t.m
Moment to be considered in the design -29.3899 tm
b) Transverse eccentricity :-
Moment due to Live load eccentricity for (one span)
Ra-Rb (Max) = 20.016 t
Eccentricity = 0.450 / 2 = 0.225 m
Moment = 20.016 x 0.200 = 4.003 t.m
Moment due to Dead load eccentricity :- ( for one span condition)
Max.Dead load = 70.28 / 2 = 35.142 t
ecccentricity = 0.450 / 2 = 0.225 m
Moment = 35.142 x 0.225 = 7.907 t.m
Moment due to frictional resistance :-
Dead load from super structure = 70.284 t

friction force = µ x Rg
= 0.5 x 35.142
= 17.571 t
Right side bearing resistance (10 % variation from left side) = 0.9 x 17.571
= 15.814 t
8
Unbalanced force per meter span = 0.218 t

Moment due to frictional force at base of the pier = 0.218 x 7.675
= 1.675 tm
Moment due to frictional force about top of soil = 0.218 x 8.425
= 1.839 tm
Force due to water currents (para 213.2 of I.R.C )
Intensity of pressure due to water currents p=52 Kv²

where K= 0.66 (for semi-circular) and 1.5 for flat surfaces
velocity in the canal under the bridge= 229.00 / 111.97 = 2.045 m/s
Max.velocity(V)= 1.414 x mean velocity = 1.414 x 2.045 = 2.892 m/s
Max.velocity(V)² = = 8.363 m/s
velocity at the canal bed level is considered as zero as the velocity in the canal is assumed as
non silting and non scouring.
In the direction of canal flow :- In the direction of road way :-
Intensity of pressure at F.S.L:100.856m p=52 Kv²cos20 = 269.699 kg/m² p=52 kV² sin 20 = 223.194 kg/m²
Area 3.941 x 0.9 / 2 = 1.773 m² 3.941 x 5.6 / 2 = 11.035 m²
Total force on peir 478.298 kgs 2462.90 kgs
Force Leverarm Moment Force Leverarm Moment
moment at base of pier 0.478 5.792 2.770 tm 2.463 5.792 14.266 tm
moment on the top of soil 0.478 6.542 3.129 tm 2.463 6.542 16.113 tm
Case (ii) :- The moment obtained in case (I) should not be less than the moments due to
net hydrostatic pressure with a diffference of 250 mm in water levels on oppposite faces
of the pier ( para 213.6 of I.R.C Bridge code ) Case (I) is considered even through Check
Case(ii) produces max.moment as the flow is regulated in the canal.
(b) In road way direction:

9
Water force in road way direction due to 250mm difference in water levels between the opposite
faces of the pier.
From clause 213.6 of IRC: 6-2000
FSL + 250 mm
100.856
100.606
CBL + 3.941 3.691
96.915
+ 96.415
+ 93.000
Depth of flow in canal = 3.941 m

Equivalent length of peir = 5.407 m =
Depth of pier from CBL to the top of foundation = 0.500 m
2
Moment at + 96.415 = 1/2 x ( 3.941 ) ( 3.941 /3 + 0.50 )x 5.407
M1 = 76.153 t-m 2
M2 = 1/2 x ( 3.69 ) ( 3.69 /3+ 0.50 )x 5.407
= 63.728 t-m
M1-M2 = 12.424 t-m
Depth of flow in canal = 3.941 m
Depth of pier from CBL to the bottom of foundation = 3.915 m
2
Moment at + 93.000 = 1/2 x ( 3.941 ) ( 3.941 /3 + 3.92 )x 5.407
M1 = 219.5 t-m 2
M2 = 1/2 x ( 3.69 ) ( 3.69 /3+ 3.92 )x 5.407
= 189.503 t-m
M1-M2 = 30.039 t-m
10
Abstract of loads
Direct loads :- without buoyancy with 15% buoyancy
Dead load from super structure 70.28 t 70.28 t
Dead load from pedestals on pier cap 7.03 t 7.03 t
Dead load from piercap 3.17 t 3.17 t
Dead load from pier bed block 3.78 t 3.78 t
Total Dead load on to pier 84.27 t 84.27 t
Weight of pier 93.37 t 67.50 t
live load 27.75 t 27.75 t
Change in ver. Reaction due to braking force 1.63 t 1.63 t
Total direct loads at base of piers 207.01 t 181.14 t
weight of footing 50.588 t 47.552 t
Total direct loads at footings 257.60 t 228.70 t
Tabulation of loads and moments due to Single Span condition

at base of pier on top of soil
loads Loads- t Moments- t.m Loads- t Moments- t.m
& moments Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Transverse
Service condition road way dir. canal flow dir. road way dir. canal flow dir.
Dead load without buoyancy 207.011 257.599
Dead load with buoyancy 181.144 228.696
Live load 27.746 27.746
Braking force 55.825 61.075
Effect of Liveload ecc 4.003 -29.390 4.003 -29.390
Frictional resistance 1.675 1.839
Water forces 14.266 2.770 30.039 3.129
wind force in canal full cond. -11.285 5.571 22.590 -11.285 6.376 25.860
Wind force in canal empty cond. -11.285 5.571 23.488 -11.285 6.376 27.064
Seismic in Canal full condition 110.233 117.631 168.237 178.976
11
Seismic in Canal empty condition 123.793 131.192 190.163 200.902
One span dislodged condition

Seismic in Canal full condition 62.549 62.549 99.020 123.774
Seismic in Canal empty condition 76.110 76.110 120.946 120.946
Dead load ecc(one span condition)
135.502 7.907 135.502 7.907
Check for pier height:

Pier in water way dir Pier in road way dir
Height of pier h 7.975 7.975
Effective Height of pier = 1.2 x h heff 9.570 9.570
Moment of inertia I 11.855 0.328
Area A 4.866 4.866
Radius of gyration = ( I / A )1/2 r 1.561 0.260
Eff. Height/ Radius of gyration heff / r 6.131 36.835
< 50, hence short column < 50, hence short column
Stresses at the base of pier in t/m 2 A= 5.192 m
2
Zxx(road way dir)= 0.846 m
3
Zyy(canal flow dir.)= 5.233 m3
Direct/Allow.
Load Load Moment inMoment in Direct Bending Max Min stress
case. Load combination Road way Canal flow Stress Stress Stress Stress +
Bending
P ML MT P/A S M/Z P/A+M/Z P/A-M/Z /Allow.stress
Service Condition
12
Dl+LL+impact+trac 181.14 74.09 -26.62 34.89 87.62 122.51 -52.73 0.201 < 1
tive+Brak+fri+Bou+
Case1 Water
Dl+LL+impact+trac 140.48 75.77 25.36 27.06 89.60 116.66 -62.54 0.142 < 1
tive+Brak+fri+Bou+
Water+temp+seco
ndary+wind
Case2
Dl+LL+impact+trac 140.48 61.50 26.26 27.06 72.73 99.79 -45.67 0.123 < 1
tive+Brak+fri+Bou+
Water+temp+seco
ndary+wind
Case2a
Construction Condition
DL+wind+water+fri
Case5 ction +bou 109.63 22.17 25.36 21.12 31.07 52.18 -9.95 0.067 < 1
Maximum
Load combination Max Allowable Min Allowable compressive
Stress stresses Stress stresses stress > 0.35
P/A+M/Z factor Stress P/A-M/Z factor Stress times Resultant
Service Condition tensile stress
Dl+LL+impact+tract 122.51 1 667.00 OK -52.73 1 -61.00
ive+Brak+fri+Bou+
Water OK Check
Dl+LL+impact+tract 116.66 1.15 767.05 OK -62.54 1.15 -70.15
ive+Brak+fri+Bou+
Water+temp+secon
dary+wind
OK Check
13
Dl+LL+impact+tract 99.79 1.15 767.05 OK -45.67 1.15 -70.15

ive+Brak+fri+Bou+
Water+temp+secon
dary+wind
OK Check
DL+wind+water+fric 52.18 1.5 1000.50 OK -9.95 1.25 -76.25
tion +bou
OK OK
Max. stress (compression) = 122.51 '< allowable comp. Stress of concrete for M20grade: 500 t/m2'
Min. stress (tension) = -62.54 '>allowable tensile. Stress of concrete for M20 grade: 61 t/m2'"
Section as cracked section as per provisions of IRC 21-2000
Stresses on Foundation in t/m 2 A= 26.980 m

2
Zxx(road way dir)= 17.087 m
3
Zyy(canal flow dir.)= 31.926 m3

Load Load Moment inMoment in Direct Bending Max Min
case. Load combination Road way Canal flow Stress Stress Stress Stress
P ML MT P/A S M/Z P/A+M/Z P/A-M/Z
Service Condition
Dl+LL+impact+trac
tive+Brak+fri+Bou+
Case1 Water 228.70 95.12 -26.26 8.48 4.74 13.22 3.73
14
Dl+LL+impact+trac
tive+Brak+fri+Bou+
Water+temp+seco
Case2 ndary+wind 188.03 96.96 28.99 6.97 6.58 13.55 0.39
Dl+LL+impact+trac
tive+Brak+fri+temp
Case2a +secondary+wind 216.94 66.92 27.06 8.04 4.76 12.80 3.28
DL+wind+water+fri
Case4 ction +bou 157.19 44.32 3.13 5.83 2.69 8.52 3.13
Max. stress (compression) = 13.55

Min. stress (tension) = 0.39
Section is cracked section as per provisions of IRC 21-2000
Reinforcement
The main steel is provided as minimum steel as given below
As per IS-456, the min percentage of steel shall not be less than 0.8% of actual area
Case i) to resist the vertical loads including pier.
Total load = 183.51 t
Allowable direct stress for M20 = 500 t/m²
Area to resist the direct load = 183.51 / 500 x 10000 = 3670 cm²
Minimum steel = 0.8 x 3670 / 100 = 29.36 cm²
Case ii) As per IRC - 21, 2000 the minimum steel shall not be in any case less than
0.2% of gross area
Minimum steel = 0.2 x 4.866 x 10000 / 100 = 97.32 cm²
15
Case iii) Area of steel as per tension in pier:

Max tension in pier = -62.54 t/m²
Corroesponding compressive stress in pier = 122.51 t/m²
0.9 - a
-62.54
122.51 a
0.900
122.51 / 0.9 - a = 62.54 / a
a = 0.304 m
Tensiel force at base = 1/2 x 62.54 x 0.304 300.00
= 9.506 Tonns
Area of steel required = 9.506 x 10000 / 130
= 731.231 mm2
= 7.312 cm2
Max of above are = 97.32 cm2
Case ii is requiring maximum steel Area of steel as per case ii is:
No of 12 f bars = 97.32 / 1.131 = 86.05 say 90 Nos
provide 12 f 80 Nos in allround = 101.79 cm²
Transverse reinforcement :
As per clause 306.3.2 of IRC-21 the diameter of lateral ties works
8 mmoutminimum
to
As per clause 306.3.2 of IRC-21 the spacing of lateral ties works
144 mm
out to =
However provide 8 f lateral ties at 200 mm c/c
16
1.45 0.90 1.45
Data 0.75
Grade of concrete : M 20 0.75
Stress in concrete := 66.7 kg/cm² k = 0.250 3.80
Stress in steel = 2000 kg/cm² j = 0.917
modular ratio = 10 R = 7.645
Considering uniform pressure under foundations

13.552
= T / sqm
P1 P2
0.847
using 10 f bars and clear cover of 75 mm
effective depth = 0.670 m
Stress at the distance 'd' from face of the pier = 27.510 t/m²
7.10
Moment and shear:
Moment in traffic direction
27.510 x 1.45 2 / 2 = 28.920 tm

Shear in traffic direction at dist of eff depth= P3 3.800 P4
0.780 x 27.510 = 21.4581 t
Downward force = 0.780 x 2.5 = 1.95 t
Unbalanced Shear = 21.4581 - 1.95 = 19.508 t 29.117

Moment in canal flow direction
= 27.510 x 0.85 2 / 2 = 9.858 tm
17
Effective depth :
Eff. Depth required = 28.920 x 105 = 61.504 cm
7.645 x 100
< 67 cm
Hence O.K.
Reinforcement requirement:
Area of steel in traffic dir 28.920 x 105 = 23.55 Cm²
2000 0.917 67.00
Provide 20 f bars at 120 mm c/c Ast = 26.19 Cm²
Min steel = 0.15 / 100 x 100 x 67.00 = 10.05 Cm²

5
Area of steel in CANAL FLOW dir
= 9.858 x 10 = 8.27 Cm²
2000 0.917 65.00
Provide dist steel 12 f bars at 120 mm c/c Ast = 9.43 Cm²
Check for shear

One way shear: Critical section is at 'd' from face of the pier
Depth at a distance 'd' from the face of pier with 0.75m depth at edge = 0.6700 m
Percent of steel Pt = 100 x 26.19 /( 100 x 67.00 ) = 0.391 %
for Pt 0.391 % allowable shear stress in concrete = 2.65 Kg/cm²
Shear strength = 2.65 x 100 x 67.00 /1000 = 17.761 t
Which is more than 19.508 t , Hence not ok
Two way shear: Critical section is at 'd/2' from face of the pier
Axial force from pier = 183.51 t
Design shear = 1.115 x 27.510 = 30.67 t

Unbalanced force = 183.51 - 30.67 = 152.84
18
Perimeter at 'd/2' critical section

= 2x( ( 0.900 + 0.670 )+( 5.41 + 0.67 = 15.294 m
Area = 15.294 x 0.670 = 10.247 m²
Shear force at d/2 distance = ( 27.51 + 0) / 2 x 10.247 = 140.947 t
Unbalanced shear force = 183.51 - 140.947 = 42.564 t

5
Shear resistance = 10.24679 x 10 x 0.16 x sqrt 20 = 733.20 t
Which is more than 42.56 t , design shear and hence safe
Wind load calculations: (As per Cl. 209 of IRC:6 - 2014)
* This clause is applicable to normal span bridges with individual span length up to 150 m
or for bridges with height of pier up to 100 m.
Table no 5 : Hourly mean wind speed and Wind pressure(For a basic wind speed of 33 m/sec )
Bridge situated in
Terrain with
Plain terrain obstuctions
2 2
H (m) VZ (m/s) PZ (N/m ) VZ (m/s) PZ (N/m )
up to 10 27.800 463.700 17.800 190.500
15 29.200 512.500 19.600 230.500
20 30.300 550.600 21.000 265.300
30 31.400 590.200 22.800 312.200
50 33.100 659.200 24.900 375.400
60 33.600 676.300 25.600 392.900
70 34.000 693.600 26.200 412.800
80 34.400 711.200 26.900 433.300
90 34.900 729.000 27.500 454.200
100 35.300 747.000 28.200 475.600
Where H = The average height in meters of exposed surface above the
mean retarding surface (Ground or bed or water level)
VZ = Hourly mean speed of wind in m/s at height H
2
PZ = Horizontal wind pressure in N/m at height H
Notes:
1) Intermediate values may be obtained by linear interpolation
2) Plain terrain refers to open terrain with no obstrcution or with very well scattered obstrcutions
having height up to 10 m. Terrain with obstructions refers to a terrain with numerous closely
spaced structures, Forest, or trees up to 10 m in height with few isolated tall structures or terrain
with large number of high closed spaced obstrcution like structures, trees forests etc.
3) For other values of basic wind speed as indicated in Fig. 6, The hourly mean wind speed shall be
obtained by multiplying the corroesponding wind speed value by the ratio of basic wind speed at
the locaion of bridge to the value corroesponding to table 5 (i.e.. 33 / sec).
4) The hourly mean wind pressure at an appropriate height and terrain shall be obtained by
multiplying the corroesponding presssure value for base wind speed as indicated in table 4 by the
ratio of square of basic wind speed at the location of wind to square of base wind speed
corroesponding to table 5 (i.e., 33 m/ sec)
5) If the topography (hill, ridge escarpement or cliff) at the structure site can cause acceleration or
funneling of wind, the wind pressure shall be increased by 20 percent as stated in Note 4.
6) For construction stages, the hourly mean wind pressure shall be taken as 70 percent of the value
calculated as stated in note 4 and 5.
Basic wind speed as per table 5 of IRC:6 - 2014 = 33 m/sec
Basic wind speed for area as per Fig no 6 of IRC :6 - 2014 = 44 m/sec
(Based on area shown from fig no 6 of IRC 6 - 2014)
The model calculation for hourly mean wind speed as per note 3 cited above
VZ (m/s) = 27.8 x (44 / 33) = 20.85 m/sec
The model calculation for Horizontal wind pressure as per note 4 cited above
2 2
PZ (N/m ) = 463.7 x (44² / 33²) = 824.356 N/m
The updated values of Table 5 of Hourly mean wind speed and Wind pressure
(For a basic wind speed of 33 m/sec as shown in Fig. 6)
Bridge situated in
Terrain with
Plain terrain obstuctions
2 2
H (m) VZ (m/s) PZ (N/m ) VZ (m/s) PZ (N/m )
up to 10 37.067 824.356 23.733 338.667
15 38.933 911.111 26.133 409.778
20 40.400 978.844 28.000 471.644
30 41.867 1049.244 30.400 555.022
50 44.133 1171.911 33.200 667.378
60 44.800 1202.311 34.133 698.489
70 45.333 1233.067 34.933 733.867
80 45.867 1264.356 35.867 770.311
90 46.533 1296.000 36.667 807.467
100 47.067 1328.000 37.600 845.511
Design wind force on super structure: As per Cl. No. 209.3 of IRC:6 -2014
For transevese wind force on super strcuture: As per Cl. 209.3.3 of IRC:6 - 2014
FT = P Z x A1 x G x CD FT = PZ x A1 x G x CD
Where
FT = Transeverse wind force on super structure (in N)
2
PZ = Hourly mean wind pressure in N/m at height H
2
A1 = is the solid area in m (See Cl 209.3.2)
G = Gust factor
= 2 (as per Cl 209.3.2)
CD = 1.5 (For slab supported by single beam / girder fro b/d <=2)
= 1.3 (For slab supported by single beam / girder fro b/d >=6)
= 1.50 CD (For slab supported by two or more beams or box girder, it
shall be taken as 1.50 CD for slab on single girder). How ever
the value shall not be less than 1.30)
Here b = 8.45 m
d = 0.865 m
b/d = 8.45 / 0.865 = 9.769 < 6
1.11155
Therefore CD = 1.3
Wind force on deck slab & live load
Exposed height Deck slab + girders = 0.865 m Considering
Kerb = 0.225 m 50% of
Railing = 0.6 m openings
Span = 10.8 m
Road level = + 309.874
Bottom of slab = + 309.009
MFL = + 308.109
Steam BL = + 303.309
Bottom of pier = + 302.809
Foundation Level = + 301.809
Case A : Wind force on hand rails & Deck slab
Drain empty condition
Mome
Lever nt
arm at about
FT = PZ x Lever Moment base base
exposed area Pressure A1 x G x arm at about base of of
centre above PZ (in CD base of of pier founda founda
2 2
Item Area (in m ) CBL N/m ) (In Tonn) pier (Tonn - m) tion tion
Hand rails 3.24 7.090 824.356 0.694 7.590 5.267 8.590 5.961
Deck slab 11.772 6.245 824.356 2.523 6.745 17.018 7.745 19.54
incl kerbs 22.285 25.5
Drain full condition
Lever Mome
arm at nt
FT = PZ x Lever Moment base about
exposed area Pressure A1 x G x arm at about base of base
centre above PZ (in CD base of of pier founda of
2 2
Item Area (in m ) MFL N/m ) (In Tonn) pier (Tonn - m) tion founda
Hand rails 3.24 2.290 824.356 0.694 7.590 5.267 8.590 5.961
Deck slab 11.772 1.445 824.356 2.523 6.745 17.018 7.745 19.54
incl kerbs 22.285 25.5
Case B : Wind force on live load
As per Cl. 209.3.6 of IRC:6 - 2014
Max transverse wind force on Love load FT = P Z x A1 x G x CD
Taking maximum length of vehicle permitted in one span, 20.3 m for Class A loading
The Max force will act on deck slab for a length of 10.8 m
The height of exposed area for live load = 3.0 m (Cl. 209.3.6 of
The above load will act at 1.5 m above road, i.e.,at 311.374 IRC:6 - 2014)
2
A1 = 10.8 x 3 = 32.4 m
G = 2
CD = 1.2 (As per Cl. 209.3.6 of IRC:6 - 2014)

Lever Mome
arm at nt
On live centre above PZ (in CD base of of pier founda of
2 2
load Area (in m ) CBL N/m ) (In Tonn) pier (Tonn - m) tion founda
onLive load 32.4 8.065 824.356 6.41 8.565 54.902 9.565 61.31

Lever Mome
arm at nt
2 2
load Area (in m ) MFL N/m ) (In Tonn) pier (Tonn - m) tion founda
onLive load 32.4 3.265 824.356 6.41 8.565 54.902 9.565 61.31
* As per Cl. No. 209.3.7 of IRC 6:2014, The bridges Shall not be considered to be carrying any live
load when wind speed at deck level is exceeds 36 m/s.
Empty condition
Height of deck level = Road level - CBL
= 309.874 - 303.309
= 6.565 m
Wind speed at 6.565 m from table 5 of IRC 6:2014 are= 37.07 m/sec
Since the wind velocity at deck level is more than 36 m/sec, As per Cl. 209.3.7 of IRC 6:2014, No live load is
considered to act on the deck slab and The moment due to live load need not to be considered.
moment due to live load at base of pier = 0 t-m
moment due to live load at base of foudation = 0 t-m
Full condition
Height of deck level = Road level - FSL
= 309.874 - 308.109
= 1.765 m
Wind speed at 1.765 m from table 5 of IRC 6:2014 are= 37.07 m/sec
Since the wind velocity at deck level is more than 36 m/sec, As per Cl. 209.3.7 of IRC 6:2014, No live load is
considered to act on the deck slab and The moment due to live load need not to be considered.
moment due to live load at base of pier = 0 t-m
moment due to live load at base of foudation = 0 t-m
Case A + Case B Total moment on super structure
* Transverse moment on super structure as calculated above
* Longitudinal moment on super structure is taken as 25% of transevere moment
(As per Cl no. 209.3.4 of IRC:6-2014)
Case A Case B Transeverse (FT) Longitudinal
Moment about base of pier 22.285 0 22.285 5.571
Moment about base of foundatio 25.502 0 25.502 6.376
Drain Full condition

Case A Case B Transeverse (FT) Longitudinal
Moment about base of pier 22.285 0 22.285 5.571
Moment about base of foundatio 25.502 0 25.502 6.376
Case C : Wind force on Sub structure
(As per Cl. 209.4 of IRC:6 - 2014)
Max transverse wind force on sub structure FT = P Z x A1 x G x CD
Empty condition
Length of pier (Straight length of pier) = 7.90 m
Thickness of pier = 0.9 m
Radius of cut & Ease waters = 0.45 m
Exposed height of pier in empty condition = CBL - Bottom of slab
= 309.009 - 303.309
= 5.700 m
Exposed area of pier in empty condition = 0.9 x 5.7
2
A1 = 5.130 m
G = 2
CD = Calculated from table 6 of IRC 6: 2014
CD value for pier is depends on the Height / Breadth & Length / breadth ratios
H/B = 5.7 / 0.9 = 6.333
L/B = 7.9 / 0.9 = 8.77778
For above calculated H/B & L/B, the value of C D from table 6 of IRC 6 : 2014
CD = 0.85
For rectangular piers with rounded corners with radius r, The value of C D derived from table 6 shall be
multiplied by (1-1.5 r / b) or 0.5 which ever is grater
1 - 1.5 r / b = 0.25 or 0.5 which ever is greater
Max of above = 0.5
There fore CD = 0.5 x 0.85 = 0.425
Lever Mome
arm at nt
On exposed area Pressure A1 x G x arm at about base of base
substruct centre above PZ (in CD base of of pier founda of
2 2
ure Area (in m ) CBL N/m ) (In Tonn) pier (Tonn - m) tion founda
On pier 5.130 2.850 824.356 0.359 3.350 1.203 4.350 1.562
Full condition
Length of pier (Straight length of pier) = 7.90 m
Thickness of pier = 0.9 m
Radius of cut & Ease waters = 0.45 m
Exposed height of pier in empty condition = MFL - Bottom of slab
= 309.009 - 308.109
= 0.900 m
Exposed area of pier in empty condition = 0.9 x 0.9
2
A1 = 0.810 m
G = 2
CD = Calculated from table 6 of IRC 6: 2014
CD value for pier is depends on the Height / Breadth & Length / breadth ratios
H/B = 0.9 / 0.9 = 1
L/B = 7.9 / 0.9 = 8.77778
For above calculated H/B & L/B, the value of C D from table 6 of IRC 6 : 2014
CD = 0.8
For rectangular piers with rounded corners with radius r, The value of C D derived from table 6 shall be
multiplied by (1-1.5 r / b) or 0.5 which ever is grater
1 - 1.5 r / b = 0.25 or 0.5 which ever is greater
Max of above = 0.5
There fore CD = 0.5 x 0.8 = 0.4
Lever Mome
arm at nt
2 2
load Area (in m ) MFL N/m ) (In Tonn) pier (Tonn - m) tion founda
0.810 0.450 824.356 0.053 5.750 0.305 6.750 0.358
Case D : Upward of Down ward Vertical wind load (FV)
(As per Cl. 209.3.5 of IRC:6 - 2014)
Upward or Down ward wind load FV = PZ x A3 x G x CL
FV = Upward or Down ward wind load on super structure (in N)
2
PZ = Hourly mean wind pressure in N/m at height H (See tabel 5 of IRC:6 -2014)
2
A3 = is the area in plan m
G = Gust factor
= 2 (as per Cl 209.3.2)
CL = 0.75 (as per Cl 209.3.5)
Plan area of slab = 10.8 x 8.45 m
2
= 91.26 m
Bottom level of slab on which wind force acts = 309.009
Uplift FV = PZ x
wind Pressure A3 x G x
force exposed height PZ (in CL
2 2
condition Area (in m ) (H) above CBL N/m ) (In Tonn)
drain empty 91.26 5.700 824.356 11.285
FT = PZ x
exposed area Pressure A1 x G x
On live centre above PZ (in CD
2 2
load Area (in m ) MFL N/m ) (In Tonn)
onLive load 91.26 0.900 824.356 11.285
Tabulation of moments due to wind:
Drain empty condition: Transverse moment Longitudinal
(Tonn - m) moment (tonn - m)
at
at base of at base of at base of base
pier footing pier of
from super structure = 22.285 25.502 5.571 6.376
From Sub structure = 1.203 1.562 0 0
23.488 27.064 5.571 6.376
Drain Full condition: Transverse moment Longitudinal

(Tonn - m) moment (tonn - m)
at
at base of at base of at base of base
pier footing pier of
from super structure = 22.285 25.502 5.571 6.376
From Sub structure = 0.305 0.358 0 0
22.590 25.860 5.571 6.376
16
DESIGN OF ABUTMENT
VR
+ 102.400
+ 102.325 W9 W6
+ 101.725
+ 101.725 W7
+ 101.425 W1
W8 W4
3
Density of soil : 2.10 t/m 6125
3
Density of concrete : 2.50 t/m
3
Density of Rcc : 2.50 t/m W10 W5 W3 W2
Live load surcharge : 1.20 m 1000
400 2500 450 450 400
95.600 A
95.000 W11 B 600

4400
5200
1) REACTION ON ABUTMENT;
Dead load : Length of abutment = = 5.2 m
As calculated in pier design = 77.31 t
Load on abutment = 77.313 / 2 = 38.656 t
Load coming on to abutment per m length = 38.656 / 5.2 = 7.434 t/ m
Live load :
Live load maximum = 27.746 t
Impact factor = 4.5 = 4.5 = 0.283
6+L 6+ 9.90
As the impact factor reduces to zero at 3.00 m below bed block and 0.5 times the
factor at bottom of bed block, the above factor comes down to
= 0.283 x 0.00 = 0.000 on top of concrete
2 3.00
Live load including impact per m length = 27.746 x 1.000 = 5.336 t/m
5.20
Total load coming on abutment = 7.434 + 5.336 = 12.770 t/m
2) Force due to braking effect ;
20 % of max train load on span

The Braking force for this loading is the maximum that is coming on the span = 35 ( from pier design )
Braking force = ( 35 ) 20 /( 100 ) = 7.000 t
acting at 1.20 m above road level I.e.,
Force per running m = 7.000 / 5.20 = 1.346 t/m
3) Frictional force due to bearings
Force( from pier design ) = 1 x 0.218 = 0.218 t

Force per running m = 0.218 / 5.20 = 0.042 t/m
4) Seismic Moment on concrete
Moment due to seismic force = 0 t-m

Longitudinal Direction ML
Moment due to seismic force = 0.00 t-m
Transverse Direction MT
Section Modulus in X-X dir = 0 cum
Section Modulus in Y-Y dir = 0 cum
17
5) Seismic moment at foundation level
Moment due to seismic force = 0 t-m

Longitudinal Direction ML
Moment due to seismic force = 0.00 t-m
Transverse Direction MT
Section Modulus in X-X dir = 0 cum
Section Modulus in Y-Y dir = 0 cum
STRESS ON CONCRETE: ( Taking moments about 'A' )
S.NO Description Load LA Moment

in Tons in mts in T.m
1 VR : Vertical loads 12.770 1.225 15.643
2 W1 : 0.450 x 0.300 x 2.500 0.337 1.225 0.413
3 W2 : 0.5 x 1.000 x 5.825 x 2.500 7.281 0.667 4.857
4 W3 : 0.450 x 5.825 x 2.500 6.553 1.225 8.028
5 W4 : 0.450 x 6.800 x 2.500 7.650 1.675 12.814
6 W5 : 0.5 x 2.500 x 6.125 x 2.500 19.141 2.733 52.318
7 W6 : 2.500 x 0.675 x 2.500 4.219 3.150 13.289
W7 2.500 x 0.900 x 2.100 4.725 3.150 14.884
8 W8 : 0.5 x 2.500 x 5.825 x 2.100 15.291 3.567 54.537
9 Pv : 0.0395 x ( 8.000 ²- 1.200 ²)x 2.100 5.19 4.400 22.8
V= 83.156 199.614
10 Ph : 0.1584 x ( 8.000 ² - 1.200 ²)x 2.100 20.81 2.856 (-) 59.433
11 Braking force 1.346 6.125 (-) 8.245
12 Frictional force 0.042 6.125 (-) 0.257
M= 131.679
Lever arm = M/V = 131.679 / 83.156 = 1.5835 m
Eccentricity = 1.58352 - 4.400 /2 = 0.616 m
B/6 = 4.40 /6 = 0.733 m> 0.616 m Hence No Tension
Max. Stress = ( 83.156 / 4.400

) x { 1 + (6 x 0.616 ) / 4.400 } + 0 + 0.00
2
= 34.79 t/m ( Compression ) 0 0
Min. Stress = ( 83.156 / 4.400
) x { 1 - (6 x 0.616 ) / 4.400 } - 0 - 0.00
2
STRESS ON SOIL: ( Taking moments about 'B' )
S.NO Description Load LA Moment

in Tons in mts in T.m
1 Item 1 to 8 same as on concrete 77.967 176.781
2 Item 1 to 8 same as on concrete 77.967 0.400 31.187
3 W9 : 1 x 0.400 x 0.675 x 2.500 0.675 5.000 3.375
4 W10 : 1 x 0.400 x 6.125 x 2.100 5.145 5.000 25.725
5 W11 : 1 x 5.200 x 0.600 x 2.500 7.800 2.600 20.280
6 Pv : 0.0395 x ( 8.600 ² - 1.200 ²)x 2.100 6.02 5.200 31.3
V= 97.602 288.629
7 Ph : 0.1584 x ( 8.600 ² - 1.200 ²)x 2.100 24.12 3.108 (-) 74.974
8 Braking force 1.346 6.725 (-) 9.053
9 Frictional force 0.042 6.725 (-) 0.282
M= 204.319
Lever arm = M/V = 204.319 / 97.602 = 2.0934 m

Eccentricity = 2.09339 - 5.200 /2 = 0.5066 m
B/6 = 5.200 /6 = 0.867 m> 0.5066 m Hence No Tension
Max. Stress = ( 97.6021 / 5.200

) x { 1 + (6 x 0.507 ) / 5.200 } + 0 + 0.00
2
= 29.74 t/m ( Compression ) 0.000 0
Min. Stress = ( 97.602 / 5.200
) x { 1 - (6 x 0.507 ) / 5.200 } - 0 - 0.00
2
18
DESIGN OFRETURN WALL

200
103.260
860
102.400 W1
Grade of concrete : M15

3
Density of RCC : 2.5 t/m
3
Density of Concrete : : 2.5 t/m W6
3
Density of Soil : 2.1 t/m W5 W3 6800
Live load : 1.2 m
Surcharge W4 W2
400
475 95.600 400 1600 500 1200
8.45 A W7
95.000 B 600
3300
4100
STRESS ON CONCRETE: ( Taking moments about 'A' )
Load Description Load-t L.A -m Moment-tm
W1 0.860 x 0.200 x 2.500 0.430 2.000 0.860
W2 0.50 x 1.200 x 6.800 x 2.500 10.200 2.500 25.500
W3 0.500 x 6.800 x 2.500 8.500 1.850 15.725
W4 0.50 x 1.600 x 6.800 x 2.500 13.600 1.067 14.51
W5 0.50 x 1.600 x 6.800 x 2.100 11.424 0.533 6.09
Pv 0.0395 x ( 8.000 ² - 1.200 ²)x 2.100 5.19 0.000 0.000
Total Load 49.34
Ph 0.1584 x ( 8.000 ² - 1.200 ²)x 2.100 20.81 2.856 59.43
Total Moment 122.12
Leverarm =
122.12 / 49.34 = 2.475 m
Eccentricity =
1.650 - 2.47 = 0.825 m
B/6 = 3.300 /6 = 0.550 m < 0.825 m Tension
Max. Stress = ( 49.343 / 3.300
) x { 1 + (6 x 0.825 )/ 3.300 } +
2
= 37.38 t/m ( Compression )
Min. Stress = ( 49.343 / 3.300
) x { 1 - (6 x 0.825 )/ 3.300 } -
2
= -7.47 t/m ( Tension )
STRESS ON SOIL: ( Taking moments about 'B' )
Load Description Load-t L.A -m Moment-tm

W1 0.200 x 0.860 x 2.500 0.430 2.400 1.03
W2 0.5 x 1.200 x 6.800 x 2.500 10.200 2.900 29.58
W3 0.500 x 6.800 x 2.500 8.500 2.250 19.13
W4 0.5 x 1.600 x 6.800 x 2.500 13.600 1.467 19.95
W5 0.5 x 1.600 x 6.800 x 2.100 11.424 0.933 10.66
W6 0.400 x 6.800 x 2.100 5.712 0.200 1.14
W7 4.100 x 0.600 x 2.500 6.150 2.050 12.61
Pv 0.0395 x( 8.600 ² - 1.200 ²)x 2.100 6.02 0.000 0.00
Total Load 62.03
Ph 0.1584 x( 8.600 ² - 1.200 ²)x 2.100 24.12 3.108 74.97
Total Moment 169.07
Leverarm = 169.07 / 62.03 = 2.726 m
Eccentricity = 2.050 - 2.73 = 0.676 m
B/6 = 4.100 /6 = 0.683 m > 0.676 m Hence No Tension
Max. Stress = ( 62.032 / 4.100

) x { 1 + (6 x 0.676 ) / 4.100 } +
2
Min. Stress = ( 62.032 / 4.100
) x { 1 - (6 x 0.676 ) / 4.100 } -
2
12
DESIGN OF PIER BED BLOCK
Size 100 x 30 cm Grade of Concrete M25
Total Area of steel = 1 % Grade of Steel Fe 415
Total Ast = 30 cm² Cover to Reinf. 40
Area of Longitudinal
Reinforcement at top and Bottom = 7.50 cm²
provide 8 nos 12 f bars top and bottom ,Ast = 9.04 cm²

3
Area of Stirrups = 15 cm² Volume of steel/rm = 1500 cm
Length of each stirrup 316 cm

3
Adopting 10 mm diastirrups = 248.06 cm
No. of Stirrups/rm = 6.05 Spacing = 16.54 cm
Hence Provide 10 f bars 150 c/c, Ast = 5.233 cm²
DESIGN OF DIRT WALL

(Designed as Flexural member) Grade of Concrete M25
Size 5200 x 500 Grade of Steel Fe 415
Cover to Reinf.wall 40 mm
Calculation of moments at base of Dirt wall :
(a) due to Earth pressure Ka = 0.279 g= 2.1
h = Ht. of wall 0.675 m Leverarm=
0.42 h
3
BM = 0.42 Ka g h / 2 = 0.038 tm/m
(b) due to Live load surcharge
Pressure ht. of 1.2 m
BM = 0.160 tm/m
(c) due to Braking force
(class 70 R bogie load is critical for design)
BF = 20%x20 = 4.00 t
effective width of dispersion = 5.20 m
BF/m = 0.769 t
BM = 1.44 tm/m
Total BM at bottom of wall = 1.640 tm/m
deff. Provided = 452 mm
Depth check d = 122 mm < Deff. Provided , Hence OK
Ast = 207 sqmm/m 1054
ie Provide 10 f bars at 200 c/c, Ast = 392.5 mm²
Distribution steel 0.3 x Ast = 62 sqmm
ie Provide 8 f bars at 200 c/c, Ast = 251.2 mm²
13
DESIGN OF ABUTMENT BED BLOCK
Size 100 x 30 cm Grade of Concrete M25
Total Area of steel = 1 % Grade of Steel Fe 415
Total Ast = 30 cm² Cover to Reinf. 40
Area of Longitudinal
Reinforcement at top and Bottom = 15.00 cm²
provide 8 nos 16 f bars top and bottom ,Ast = 16.09 cm²

3
Area of Stirrups = 15 cm² Volume of steel/rm = 1500 cm
Length of each stirrup 244 cm

3
Adopting 10 mm diastirrups = 275.82 cm
No. of Stirrups/rm = 5.44 Spacing = 18.39 cm
Hence Provide 12 f bars 150 c/c, Ast = 7.54 cm²

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SINGLE LANE BRIDGE ACROSS LOCAL STREAM NEAR ANDUGULPET (V) MANDAMARRI (M), MANCHIRYAL DIST.

NOTE ON DESIGN FEATURES

For crossing the local stream a SINGLE LANE BRIDGE is proposed.

Sl.No Particulars Units

Three vents of 7.50 m clear span are proposed at this crossing.

a. Abutment & Return walls(us/ds)

a. Pier : Foundation are proposed in VRCC M20 grade.

a. Abutment & Returns : Foundation are proposed in C.C. M15 grade.

Level @ 0m U/S = 96.915

Level @ -200m U/S = 98.455

Average bed Fall = 0.00682

Value of C Catchment area in Sq. Miles

= 1400 ( 10.332 ) = 8068.1 Cusecs

Adopt a bed fall of 1 in 147 & the value of n as 0.030

MFL @ Crossing RLs

Hydraulic Particulars of Stream

S.No. Particulars Value Units

1 Discharge(Required) 229.000 Cumecs

Maximum Drain Discharge = 229.000 Cumecs

Lacey's Width (Wetted Perimeter) = 72.64 m

Drain Width(as per Lacey's Wetted Perimeter)= 43.58 m

Proposed Drain Width= 43.58 or say 44 m

Trial Pit Particulars :

All Soils 1.415 95.500

SDR 1.800 93.700

discharge (Q) = 229.000 Cumecs.

Width at MFL = 22.500 m

Silt factor (f) = 4.75

Canal discharge per metre

Scour depth (R) = = 1.346 (q2/f)1/3

Maxium scour depth (D)

Scour Level = FSL - Scour Depth

where P = Soil Pressure in t/m^2 = 20 t/m^2

discharge (Q) = 229.000 Cumecs.

Width at MFL = 30.000 m

Silt factor (f) = 4.75

Scour depth (R) = 1.346 (q2/f)1/3

Maxium scour depth (D)

Scour Level = FSL - Scour Depth

where P = Soil Pressure in t/m^2 = 20 t/m^2

Clear span = 7500 mm

As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 304.3.1, minimum clear cover is 40 mm

Clear span + effective depth = 7500 + 550

Live load & live load bending moment calculations

2.70 2.70 11.40 11.40 6.80 6.80 6.80 6.80

1.10 3.20 1.20 4.30 3.00 3.00 3.00

Class ' A ' Train

0.97 3.002 0.099 0.099 1.00 2.874

II) Dispersion width under E

IV) Dispersion width under F

1.09 3.22 R 3.33

0.97 3.002 0.115 0.115 1.20 2.874 B

Taking moments about B

Ra x 7.95 = 3.33 x 2.87 + 3.22 x 4.30 + 1.09 x 7.31

Max.live load bending moment = Rb x 3.860 - 3.33 x 1.20

Total bending moment = Dead load BM + Live load BM

= 546.20 mm < 550 mm

Design of main reinforcement

Minimum area of tension reinforcement = 0.12% of total cross sectional area

Providing 20 mm dia of bars

Spacing of main reinforcement = ( ast / Ast ) x 1000

= ( 314.29 / 2512.21 ) x 1000

Area of main steel provided = ast x 1000 / spacing

= 314.29 x 1000 / 100