Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The correct answer is c—The use of specific observations to develop general principles
C. Answer c is correct. Inductive reasoning represents the synthesis of information to
form a possible explanation (hypothesis) that will apply to all cases.
The correct answer is d—It demonstrated that cells can only arise from other cells.
D. Answer d is correct. The germ hypothesis proposed that life only comes from life—or
in this case, cells come from preexisting cells.
The correct answer is b—a statement of how the world works that is supported by experimental
data
B. Answer b is correct. Scientific theories are based on evidence and are open to revision
as new evidence is gathered through the process of scientific discovery.
8. How is the process of natural selection different from that of artificial selection?
a. Natural selection produces more variation.
b. Natural selection makes an individual better adapted.
c. Artificial selection is a result of human intervention.
d. Artificial selection results in better adaptations.
9. How does the fossil record help support the theory of evolution by natural selection?
a. It demonstrates that simple organisms predate more complex organisms.
b. It provides evidence of change in the form of organisms over time.
c. It shows that diversity existed millions of years ago.
d. Both a and b.
The correct answer is a—It demonstrates that simple organisms predate more complex
organisms.
A. Answer a is correct. The fossil record does show the change from simpler to more
complex forms over time. This supports a prediction of evolution by natural selection.
10. The theory of evolution by natural selection is a good example of how science proceeds
because—
a. it rationalizes a large body of observations
b. it makes predictions that have been tested by a variety of approaches
c. it represents Darwin’s belief of how life has changed over time
d. Both a and b
11. How does the field of molecular genetics help support the concept of evolution?
a. Comparisons of genes demonstrate a relationship between all living things.
b. Different organisms have different genomes.
c. Sequencing allows for the identification of unique genes.
d. The number of genes in an organism increase with the complexity of the
organism.
The correct answer is a—Comparisons of genes demonstrate a relationship between all living
things.
A. Answer a is correct. The evolutionary distance between organisms is reflected in the
divergence in the DNA sequence of certain important genes.
The correct answer is d—Answer c is incorrect. At least three different basic cell types are
represented by the three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
The correct answer is b—it encodes the information for making a new individual
B. Answer b is correct. The transfer of information between generations is critical for the
continuity of life.
14. In which domain of life would you find only single-celled organisms?
a. Eukarya
b. Bacteria
c. Archaea
d. Both b and c
1. Exobiology is the study of life on other planets. In recent years, scientists have sent
various spacecraft out into the galaxy in search for extraterrestrial life. Assuming that
all life shares common properties, what should exobiologists be looking for as they
explore other worlds?
2. The classic experiment by Pasteur (see figure 1.4) tested the hypothesis that cells arise
from other cells. In this experiment cell growth was measured following sterilization
of broth in a swan-neck flask or in a flask with a broken neck.
Answer—The variables that were held the same between the two experiments include the broth,
the flask, and the sterilization step.
Answer—The shape of the flask influences the experiment because any cells present in the air
can enter the flask with the broken neck, but they are trapped in the neck of the other flask.
Answer—If cells can arise spontaneously, then cell growth will occur in both flasks. If cells can
only arise from preexisting cells (cells in the air), then only the flask with the broken neck will
grow cells. Breaking the neck exposes the broth to a source of cells.
Answer—If the sterilization step did not actually remove all cells, then growth would have
occurred in both flasks. This result would seem to support the hypothesis that life can arise
spontaneously.