Community Dental Health Flashcards - Quizlet

4/13/2021 Community Dental Health Flashcards | Quizlet
Community Dental Health

Terms in this set (121)
MUST KNOW Community Health Practice

What is this?
-Survey and Needs assessment
-Data analysis
-Program planning
-Program Operation
-Funding
-Appraisal or Evaluation
MUST KNOW Private Practice

What is this?
-Health History and
Examination
-Diagnosis
-Treatment Planning
-Treatment
-Payment
-Evaluation
What is an example of World Health Organization (WHO)

international government levels
of community dental health?
What level of government acts Federal

on oral health problems of
national significance?
https://quizlet.com/21157644/community-dental-health-ﬂash-cards/ 1/20
What level of government is Federal

primarily within the jurisdiction
of the deparment of health and
human services?
DHHS published what? Healthy People 2010
Centers for disease control and Atlanta, Georgia

prevention (CDC) is located
where?
What is the CDC an example Federal

of? (level of government)
What level of govt is Health federal

resources and services
administration?
What level of govt is the federal

national institute of health
What level of govt provides State

consultation services to local
health departments?
What level of govt directly state

administers some programs,
esp statewide programs
what level of govt directly Local

administers county and city
programs
What level of govt initiates local

dental health legislative
measures, such as fluoridation
The estimated population of Prevalence

people who are managing a
disease at any given time.
Refers to the annual diagnosis Incidence

rate or the number of new
cases of a particular disease
diagnosed each year
-Collecting data to describe Uses for epidemiology

normal biological processes
-Understanding the natural
history of a disease process
-measuring the distribution of a
disease in a given population
-identifying determinants of
disease
-testing hypotheses for
prevention and control of a
disease through studies
-planning and evaluating
health care services
An unexpectedly large number Epidemic

of cases of disease in a
particular population at a
particular place and time
A disease that occurs regularly Endemic

in a population as a matter of
course.
An outbreak of disease over a Pandemic

wide geographical area; often
worldwide
Designed to describe the Descriptive studies

extent of a disease or condition
within a population and its
relationship with other
variables. Determines who is
geting the disease and where
and when the disease is
occurring.
Tests hypotheses to establish experimental studies

cause.
Suggested explanation of a hypothesis

phenomenon
A hypothesis which a null hypothesis

researcher tries to disprove or
nullify.
An alternate way to explain the alternate hypothesis

phenomenon.
Experimental treatment is control group

withheld; test subjects receive
placebo
what is another name for null H0

hypothesis
What is another name for H1

alternate hypothesis?
Receives experimental treatment group

treatment
Researcher is unaware of blind study

whether test subject is in the
control or treatment group
during the study; helps prevent
bias.
Neither the researcher nor double blind study

subject knows who is receiving
experimental treatment; best
way to prevent bias
Examines whether a past retrospective (Case control) study

association exists between an
exposure of interest and
development of a present
condition
Study in which subjects are prospective study

observed and data is collected
over time to determine if a
disease or condition develops.
Group is studied over an longitudinal study

extended period of time
Every element in the random sample

population has an equal
chance of being selected;
reduces the chance of bias
Selecting an element stratified sample

according to certain
subgroups; accomplished by
selecting a proportionate
number of participants from
each subgroup for the sample
Select every nth to participate judgement sample
Sample group is chosen based convenience sample

solely on convenience
The outcome of interest. dependent variable

Should change in response to
some intervention. The
dependent variable depends
on the independent variable
Manipulated to produce a independent variable

response to the dependent
variable
Used to describe, summarize, descriptive statistics

and organize numerical data.
Measures of central tendency
Measures how often each frequency of distribution

score occurs.
Data is presented in ascending ungrouped scores

or descending order along
with the frequency of each
score. (ex: hatch marks)
Frequency of occurrence of cumulative scores

scores up to and including any
given value in the data set.
Grouping variables into grouped scores

consecutive intervals
Frequency of distribution is measures of central tendency

plotted out an x-y graph
resulting in a pictorial
representation of the data.
Mean, median, and mode.
When data is plotted using a
normal curve: the mean,
median, and mode are equal.
The arithmetic average of mean

scores. Most common measure
of central tendency. To
calculate: add all the scores
together and divide by the
number of scores.
Divides the distribution of median

scores into two equal parts. To
calculate: place scores in a
data matrix and locate
midpoint
The most frequently occurring mode

score within the data matrix. To
calculate: using an ungrouped
tally system, identify the score
that occurs most often.
Describes how wide the scores measures of dispersion

are around a central point (in a
normal curve, the central point
would be the mean, median,
and mode.
The difference between the range

high and low scores of a data
matrix; affected by extremely
high or low scores.
Represents the square root of standard deviation

the sample variance. The most
commonly used method of
dispersion in oral hygiene
research and reflects the range
within the data matrix; the
bigger the range or 'standard
deviation', the wider the
distribution curve.
This is a board alert: When data EQUAL!!!!!!!!!!!

is plotted using a NORMAL
curve, the mean... median.. and
mode are all...
When more scores fall in the positive skew

lower range
When more scores fall in the negative skew

higher range
Allows one to generalize inferential studies

findings from the sample study
to a larger population.
Degree that a study or Validity

procedure can be conclusive
yet sufficiently realistic. 'Does
the test measure what it claims
to be measuring?'
The extent to which the Reliability

method of measurement
CONSISTENTLY performs
Consistent performance by the INTRAexaminer reliability

same evaluator
Consistent performance INTERexaminer reliability

between different examiners; is
increased by calibration
The ability of a test to correctly sensitivity

identify the presence of a
disease
The ability of a test to identify specificity

the absence of a disease
Determines the strength of Correlation co-efficient

relationship between two
variables. Shows probable
cause and effect. Given as a
number between +1 and -1. The
closer the correlation is to
either +1 or -1 te stronger the
correlation
As the value of x increases, the Positive correlation

value of y increases. As the
value of x decreases, the value
of y decreases. Reflects a
direct association between the
variables.
As the value of x increases, the Negative correlation

value of y decreases; as the
value of x decreases, the value
of y increases. The score on
one scale's predicts an
opposite score on the other
scale.
Statistical measure used to test T-test

the hypothetical difference
between two mean scores
Used when comparing the ANOVA (analysis of variance)

statistical difference between
three or more mean scores.
Used when testing hypothesis. p-value (probability value)

Refers to the probability that a
condition or circumstance
would happen just by chance
without experimental
intervention. Standard
acceptability is 1 out of 20 or a
≤
p-value of 0.05; a p-value
greater than 0.05 will affect
study results.
Involves preventive therapies. primary services

Techniques are designed to
prevent, reverse, or arrest a
disease process. Common
examples include mechanical
plaque removal, dietary
restriction of sucrose, and
fluoride treatments.
Treating or controlling a secondary services

disease or condition after it
occurs. Examples include
periodontal therapy and
restorative procedures.
Involves replacing lost tissues tertiary services

in order to rehabilitate oral
structures. Examples include
implants and bridges.
Simple, valid, reliable, clear, Characteristics of an ideal index

sensitive, quantifiable,
objective, accepted
What general category of Reversible

indices measures conditions
that can be resolved or
reversed?
What general category of reversible

indices.... gingivitis indices are
example
What general category of Irreversible

indices measures cumulative
conditions that CANNOT be
resolved. Caries and
periodontal disease indices are
examples
What general category of Simple

indices measures the presence
or absence of a disease?
What general category of Cumulative

indices measures all the
evidence of a condtion (both
past and present)
Decayed, missing, filled DMFT/DMFS

teeth/decayed, missing filled
surfaces. --Irreversible
-Measures past and present
caries experience in
populations with adult
dentitions
Decayed, need for extraction, deft

filled teeth.
-Irreversible
-Measures observable caries
experience in deciduous teeth
-Does not take into account
teeth that have been extracted
or exfoliated due to past caries
experience
Decayed, filled teeth/decayed, dft/dfs

filled surfaces
-Irreversible
-Measures observable caries
experience in deciduous teeth
Root caries index RCI

-Irreversible
-Requires recession. Only takes
into consideration areas of root
exposure
Caries management by risk CAMBRA

assessment encompasses a
methodology of identifying the
cause of disease through
assessment of risk factors for
each individual patient and
then managing those risk
factors through behavioral,
chemical, and minimally
invasive procedures.
Gingival index GI
-Reversible
-Based on severity versus
extent of inflammation
-Can be used in individuals or
study participants
Sulcular bleeding index SBI

-Reversible
-Detects early signs of
gingivitis
-Useful in short-term trials
Periodontal Disease Index PDI

-Both irreversible and
reversible because if measures
gingivitis and periodontitis
separately
Periodontal Index PI
-Irreversible
-Looks at surrounding tissue
-Questionable for validity (no
CAL)
Periodontal Screening and PSR

Recording
-Rapidly assesses periodontal
health
-Requires a special probe
-Useful as a preliminary
screening technique and for
use in large populations
Community Periodontal Index CPITN

of Treatment Needs
-Determines periodontal needs
versus periodontal status
-Requires special probe
Simplifies Oral Hygiene Index OHI-S

-Reversible
-Measures oral hygiene status
by assessing sub- and
supragingival plaque and
calculus
-better for group versus
individual assessment
Plaque Index PlI

-Reversible
-Used in conjunction with the
Gingival Index
-Scores plaque according to its
thickness at the gingival margin
Patient Hygiene Performance PHP

-Reversible
-Measures plaque after
toothbrushing
Volpe-Manhold Index VMI

-Reversible
-Used to test agents for plaque
control and calculus inhibition
-Measures supragingival
calculus formation following
prophylaxis
What is the first step in Needs assessment

planning a program?
What is the reason for a needs Collects baseline data

assessment?
What way of conducting needs direct observation

assessment is ... time
consuming, not cost effective,
and not recommended for
large groups
What way of conducting needs interview

assessment is ... not time or
cost effective, not
recommended for large
groups
What way of conducting needs questionnaire

assessment is ... a good choice
for large groups, and must be
well written and
understandable
What way of conducting needs survey

assessment is ... the best choice
for large groups and must be
well written and
understandable
What way of conducting needs epidemiological survey

assessment is ... research based
What way of conducting needs records, documents, charts

assessment is ... time
consuming and access
dependent
Comprehensive examination Type I examination method

using mouth mirror, explorer,
lighting, radiographs, study
models, and any other
diagnostic tests that may be
warranted; not practical for
most community programs due
to cost, time constraints, and
equipment needs.
Limited examination including Type II examination method

mouth mirror, explorer,
lighting, and limited
radiographs; access to
radiology equipment limits use
in community programs.
Examination using mouth mirror Type III examination method

and lighting only
Examination using tongue Type IV examination method

depressor and lighting only
The Consolidated Omnibus COBRA

Budget Reconciliation Act of
1985 requires most employers
with group health plans to offer
employees the opportunity to
continue temporarily their
group health care coverage
under their employer's plan if
their coverage otherwise
would cease due to
termination, layoff, or other
change in employment status.
Health insurance for elderly Medicare

and disabled
Health insurance for the poor Medicaid
Both medicare and medicaid social security act of 1965

were created by the
A lump sum of money given to block grant

a group to use at their
discretion to meet a need.
specifies where monies are to line item grant

go
rank the problems of the needs of the target

establishment of priorities
population
objectives Must be measureable
When drafting a plan, you FALSE... use ones that have been successful in the
should choose activities that past!
have not been used in the past.
Unawareness
Awareness
Self Interest
Stages of Learning
Involvement
Action
Habit
Evaluation must be continuous TRUE

from the beginning of the
program
Outcome evaluation; measure Summative evaluation

impact of program/teaching
Conducted during the Formative

program; making sure audience
is engaged
Treatment planning in the program planning in the community setting

dental setting is comparable to
A longitudinal study MAY be retrospective and prospective

considered both
The majority of scores (68%) on +1 and -1 standard deviation

a NORMAL curve will fall
between
Any index that examines sensitive

surfaces instead of affected
teeth is more

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4/13/2021 Community Dental Health Flashcards | Quizlet

Community Dental Health

MUST KNOW Community Health Practice

MUST KNOW Private Practice

What is an example of World Health Organization (WHO)

What level of government acts Federal

What level of government is Federal

DHHS published what? Healthy People 2010

Centers for disease control and Atlanta, Georgia

What is the CDC an example Federal

What level of govt is Health federal

What level of govt is the federal

What level of govt provides State

What level of govt directly state

what level of govt directly Local

What level of govt initiates local

The estimated population of Prevalence

Refers to the annual diagnosis Incidence

-Collecting data to describe Uses for epidemiology

An unexpectedly large number Epidemic

A disease that occurs regularly Endemic

An outbreak of disease over a Pandemic

Designed to describe the Descriptive studies

Tests hypotheses to establish experimental studies

Suggested explanation of a hypothesis

A hypothesis which a null hypothesis

An alternate way to explain the alternate hypothesis

Experimental treatment is control group

what is another name for null H0

What is another name for H1

Receives experimental treatment group

Researcher is unaware of blind study

Neither the researcher nor double blind study

Examines whether a past retrospective (Case control) study

Study in which subjects are prospective study

Group is studied over an longitudinal study

Every element in the random sample

Selecting an element stratified sample

Select every nth to participate judgement sample

Sample group is chosen based convenience sample

The outcome of interest. dependent variable

Manipulated to produce a independent variable

Used to describe, summarize, descriptive statistics

Measures how often each frequency of distribution

Data is presented in ascending ungrouped scores

Frequency of occurrence of cumulative scores

Grouping variables into grouped scores

Frequency of distribution is measures of central tendency

The arithmetic average of mean

Divides the distribution of median

The most frequently occurring mode

Describes how wide the scores measures of dispersion

The difference between the range

Represents the square root of standard deviation

This is a board alert: When data EQUAL!!!!!!!!!!!

When more scores fall in the positive skew

When more scores fall in the negative skew

Allows one to generalize inferential studies

Degree that a study or Validity

The extent to which the Reliability

Consistent performance by the INTRAexaminer reliability

Consistent performance INTERexaminer reliability

The ability of a test to correctly sensitivity