LAGUNA UNIVERSITY

Laguna Sports Complex, Bubukal,

Santa Cruz,4009, Laguna

Design Computation

The researchers come up with the design requirements by consulting the

thesis adviser. The capacity will not matter at all as long as the production of

potable water from salt water will not take too long, in any case that the

production is low and takes too long the system will be inefficient and the study

will not be valued and meaningless at all. The first desired capacity of the

researcher for the boiler is 1000 liters of salt water, due to the cost of materials

for the boiler, the researchers cut it to only 100 liters, in that way it will be efficient

and cost effective for the design and system.

The researcher choosed the solution to obtain the amount of potable

water generated by the converter for eight (8) working hours of an individual.

Boiler Dimensions

D=40 cm L=85 cm

Where:

D = Diamter

L = Length or height

V = Volume

V =π r 2 L=π (20 )( 20 )( 85 )

V =0.10681m 3

Since boiler capacity > Salt Water Volume, design is safe.

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 LAGUNA UNIVERSITY
Laguna Sports Complex, Bubukal,
Santa Cruz,4009, Laguna

Cooling chamber design

D=50 cm L=50 cm

Where:

D = Diamter

L = Length or height

V = Volume

V =π r 2 L=π (25 )( 25 )( 50 )

V =0.0982m3

Burner/Heater Dimension

W = 40cm L = 85cm H = 70cm

Where:

W = width L = length H = Height

The burner/heater length and width is proportional to the boiler diameter

and length to make the best fit

Boiling Point Elevation for 200 liters of Salt Water

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 LAGUNA UNIVERSITY
Laguna Sports Complex, Bubukal,
Santa Cruz,4009, Laguna

ΔT =( k B ) ( m )( ⅈ )

Where:
0
k B = Base dissociation constant 0.512 C
m

m = Molality of solution

ⅈ = Van’t Hoff factor for Salt NaCl = 2

ΔT = T solution - T H 2 O

T solution = Boiling point of salt water

T H 2 O = Boiling Point of Water

Molality Equation

i. On average there are 35 grams of salt in 1 kg of seawater

( 351liter
grams
)( 100 liter )=3500 grams NaCl
ii. Converting mass of NaCl to moles

1 mol of NaCl
( 3500 grams NaCl ) ( 58.44 grams NaCl )
=59.89 mol of NaCl

iii. Converting solvent (water in kg)

100 liter = 100 kg of H 2 O

iv. Solving Molality Equation

moles of solute 59.89 mol mol

m= = =0.5989
kg of solvent 100 kg kg

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 LAGUNA UNIVERSITY
Laguna Sports Complex, Bubukal,
Santa Cruz,4009, Laguna

We can write the 0.5989m for unit cancellation for boiling point elevation

equation.

Solving for Boiling point elevation

T solution=T H 2 O+(k ¿¿ b)(m)(ⅈ)¿

C
T solution=100 C+ 0.512 ( m )
( 0.5989 m) ( 2 )

T soulution=100.6133C

Heat Transfer Rate

Q=(m w )(C p )( ΔT ) for temperature change

Q=(m w ) LV for phase change from liquid to gas

Q=mw [ ( C p ) ( ΔT ) + LV ]

Where:

m = Mass of Salt Water

3.8145 Kj
Cp = Specific heat of salt water ( )
kg−C

Δ T =T 2−T 1

T2 = Boiling point of water

T1 = Temperature of water before boiling

LV =¿Latent heat of evaporation 2260 KJ /kg

Q=100 [ ( 3.85 )( 100.6133−25 )+ 2260]

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 LAGUNA UNIVERSITY
Laguna Sports Complex, Bubukal,
Santa Cruz,4009, Laguna

Q=255,111.1205 KJ

Assume it takes 2 hours (7200 seconds) to boil the 100 liters of salt water

Power Generated is:

P = Q/ t

255,111.1205 KJ
P=
7200 s

P= 35.4321 KW

Solving for Pressure

PV = mRT

Where:

P = Pressure

m = mass of water

R = Universal Gas constant

T = Change in Temperature

V = volume of the tank

P = mRT/ V

J
P= (
( 100 kg ) 8.3145
kg−C )
( 100.6133−25 ) C
3
0.10681m

P = 588,602.9237 Pa = 0.5886 MPa

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 LAGUNA UNIVERSITY
Laguna Sports Complex, Bubukal,
Santa Cruz,4009, Laguna

From Steam Table at Saturation Pressure P = 0.59 MPa

KJ
h fg=2088.4 steam will occur at evaporation process
kg

Amount of Steam ( 1 kg = 1 liter )

Power
mw =
hfg

35.4321 KW
mw =
2088.4 KJ /kg

kg
m w = 0.016966
s
( 36001 hour
seconds
)

kg 8 working hours
m w =(6.1.0776 )( )
hr 1 day

m w =488.6208liters /day

Assuming it takes 1 hour (3600 seconds ) to boil 100 liters of salt water

liters
m w =488.6208 x2
day

mw =977.2416liters /day

Mass of dry leaves and wood branches needed to supply the heat energy

Heating Value of wood branches = 21,900 KJ /kg

Thermal energy yield of wood = 70%-85%

That is 1 kg of wood which has 21,900 KJ of energy content only

effectively yield a thermal energy of :

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 LAGUNA UNIVERSITY
Laguna Sports Complex, Bubukal,
Santa Cruz,4009, Laguna

77.5 KJ
x 21,900 =16,972.5 KJ /kg
100 kg

The mass of wood branches needed to supply the heat energy

255,111.1205 KJ
Mass of wood branches =
16,972.5 KJ /kg

Mass of wood branches = 15.0306 kg

Dry Leaves

Heating Value of dry leaves = 17,755 KJ /kg

Thermal energy yield of dry leaves = 11.7%

That is 1 kg of dry leaves which has 17,755 KJ of energy content only

effectively yield a thermal energy of:

11.7 KJ
x 17,755 =2077.335 KJ /kg
100 kg

The mass of dry leaves needed to supply the heat energy.

255,111.1205 KJ
Mass of dry leaves =
2077.335 KJ /kg

Mass of dry leaves = 122.8069 kg

Charcoal as an alternative source

Heating Value of charcoal = 31,380 KJ /kg

Thermal energy yield of charcoal = 28%

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 LAGUNA UNIVERSITY
Laguna Sports Complex, Bubukal,
Santa Cruz,4009, Laguna

That is 1 kg of charcoal which has 31,380 KJ of energy content only

effectively yield a thermal energy of:

28 KJ
x 31,380 =8,768.4 KJ / kg
100 kg

The mass of charcoal needed to supply the heat energy.

255,111.1205 KJ
Mass of charcoal =
8,768.4 KJ /kg

Mass of charcoal = 29.0348 kg

The formulas used is essential for the requirements needed to satisfy the

criteria for a efficient and cost effective sytem for converting salt water into

potable water. This helps the researchers to get the desirable and possible

outcomes.

The general framework of the design is just innovated from the existing

one where it uses LPG as the heating medium for the boiler.

The researchers think of a way to remove the LPG because it cost too

much, it is replaced by burning dry leaves and wood branches as a heat source

for the boiler. Smoke is not avoidable for the design the researchers will filter the

smoke for it not to be harmful to the environment and toxic for the people around

it.

Constructing the prototye is dependent upon the boiler size,, the larger the

boiler capacity the larger the supporting frame will be. Since the boiler is only 100

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 LAGUNA UNIVERSITY
Laguna Sports Complex, Bubukal,
Santa Cruz,4009, Laguna

lites in capacity the frame will be not be too big in size, hence it will cost much

cheaper.