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Design Computation
thesis adviser. The capacity will not matter at all as long as the production of
potable water from salt water will not take too long, in any case that the production
is low and takes too long the system will be inefficient and the study will not be
valued and meaningless at all. The first desired capacity of the researcher for the
boiler is 1000 liters of salt water, due to the cost of materials for the boiler, the
researchers cut it to only 100 liters, in that way it will be efficient and cost effective
The researcher choosed the solution to obtain the amount of potable water
Boiler Dimensions
D = 40cm 𝐿 = 85𝑐𝑚
Where:
D = Diamter
L = Length or height
V = Volume
V = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝐿 = 𝜋(20)(20)(85)
𝑉 = 0.10681𝑚3
1
LAGUNA UNIVERSITY
Laguna Sports Complex, Bubukal,
Santa Cruz,4009, Laguna
D = 50cm 𝐿 = 50𝑐𝑚
Where:
D = Diamter
L = Length or height
V = Volume
V = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝐿 = 𝜋(25)(25)(50)
𝑉 = 0.0982𝑚3
Burner/Heater Dimension
Where:
2
LAGUNA UNIVERSITY
Laguna Sports Complex, Bubukal,
Santa Cruz,4009, Laguna
𝛥𝑇 = (𝑘𝐵 )(𝑚)(ⅈ)
Where:
0.5120 𝐶
𝑘𝐵 = Base dissociation constant
𝑚
𝑚 = Molality of solution
𝛥𝑇 = 𝑇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡ⅈ𝑜𝑛 - 𝑇𝐻2 𝑂
Molality Equation
35𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠
( ) (100 𝑙ⅈ𝑡𝑒𝑟) = 3500 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
1 𝑙ⅈ𝑡𝑒𝑟
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
(3500 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙) ( )
58.44 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
3
LAGUNA UNIVERSITY
Laguna Sports Complex, Bubukal,
Santa Cruz,4009, Laguna
We can write the 0.5989𝑚 for unit cancellation for boiling point elevation
equation.
𝐶
𝑇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡ⅈ𝑜𝑛 = 100 𝐶 + ( 0.512 ) (0.5989𝑚)(2)
𝑚
𝑇𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑡ⅈ𝑜𝑛 = 100.6133 𝐶
𝑄 = 𝑚𝑤 [(𝐶𝑝 )(𝛥𝑇) + 𝐿𝑉 ]
Where:
3.8145 𝐾𝑗
Cp = Specific heat of salt water ( )
𝑘𝑔−𝐶
4
LAGUNA UNIVERSITY
Laguna Sports Complex, Bubukal,
Santa Cruz,4009, Laguna
𝛥𝑇 = 𝑇2 − 𝑇1
𝑄 = 255,111.1205 𝐾𝐽
Assume it takes 2 hours (7200 seconds) to boil the 100 liters of salt water
P = Q/ 𝑡
255,111.1205 𝐾𝐽
P=
7200 𝑠
P= 35.4321 KW
PV = mRT
Where:
P = Pressure
m = mass of water
T = Change in Temperature
5
LAGUNA UNIVERSITY
Laguna Sports Complex, Bubukal,
Santa Cruz,4009, Laguna
P = mRT/ V
𝐽
(100 𝑘𝑔)(8.3145 )(100.6133−25)𝐶
𝑘𝑔−𝐶
P=
0.10681𝑚3
𝐾𝐽
ℎ𝑓𝑔 = 2088.4 steam will occur at evaporation process
𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝑚𝑤 =
ℎ𝑓𝑔
35.4321 𝐾𝑊
𝑚𝑤 =
2088.4 KJ/kg
𝑘𝑔 3600 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠
𝑚𝑤 = 0.016966 ( )
𝑠 1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
𝑘𝑔 8 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘ⅈ𝑛𝑔 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
𝑚𝑤 = (6.1.0776 )( )
ℎ𝑟 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑚𝑤 = 488.6208 𝑙ⅈ𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠/𝑑𝑎𝑦
Assuming it takes 1 hour (3600 seconds ) to boil 100 liters of salt water
6
LAGUNA UNIVERSITY
Laguna Sports Complex, Bubukal,
Santa Cruz,4009, Laguna
𝑙ⅈ𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑚𝑤 = 488.6208 𝑥2
𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑚𝑤 = 977.2416 𝑙ⅈ𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠/𝑑𝑎𝑦
Mass of dry leaves and wood branches needed to supply the heat energy
77.5 𝐾𝐽
𝑥 21,900 𝑘𝑔 = 16,972.5 𝐾𝐽/𝑘𝑔
100
255,111.1205 𝐾𝐽
Mass of wood branches =
16,972.5 𝐾𝐽/𝑘𝑔
Dry Leaves
7
LAGUNA UNIVERSITY
Laguna Sports Complex, Bubukal,
Santa Cruz,4009, Laguna
11.7 𝐾𝐽
𝑥 17,755 𝑘𝑔 = 2077.335 𝐾𝐽/𝑘𝑔
100
255,111.1205 𝐾𝐽
Mass of dry leaves =
2077.335 𝐾𝐽/𝑘𝑔
28 𝐾𝐽
𝑥 31,380 = 8,768.4 𝐾𝐽/𝑘𝑔
100 𝑘𝑔
255,111.1205 𝐾𝐽
Mass of charcoal =
8,768.4 𝐾𝐽/𝑘𝑔
The formulas used is essential for the requirements needed to satisfy the
criteria for a efficient and cost effective sytem for converting salt water into potable
water. This helps the researchers to get the desirable and possible outcomes.
8
LAGUNA UNIVERSITY
Laguna Sports Complex, Bubukal,
Santa Cruz,4009, Laguna
The general framework of the design is just innovated from the existing one
The researchers think of a way to remove the LPG because it cost too much,
it is replaced by burning dry leaves and wood branches as a heat source for the
boiler. Smoke is not avoidable for the design the researchers will filter the smoke
for it not to be harmful to the environment and toxic for the people around it.
Constructing the prototye is dependent upon the boiler size,, the larger the
boiler capacity the larger the supporting frame will be. Since the boiler is only 100
lites in capacity the frame will be not be too big in size, hence it will cost much
cheaper.