Web Application Development

Instructor - Farrukh Ehsan

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP

Topics
• Introduction to Course
• Web Concepts
• WWW
• Web Servers
• Three Tier Architecture
• HTTP Protocol
• Uniform Resource Link (URL)
• Client/Server Architecture

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP

 How does the Internet work?
• Internet:-
• It is not some kind of cloud hanging in the sky, which is most people think but
it is just a long piece of wire which connects different computers to each
other.

• So you might have one computer in Pakistan and other computer in United
Kingdom and they can talk to each other for data through this giant wire.
.

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP

How does the Internet work?

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP
 DNS Server
• DNS stands for domain name system.
• In the world of networking, computers don’t work with names but with numbers.
• To overcome the communication gap of names, engineers develop Domain Name
System, which actually resolve names to numbers or to be exact it resolve domain
names to IP address.
• DNS server is like a phone book, when you make request for a particular website
address, it looks for that specific IP address of that website you are trying to
access.

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP

 DNS Server

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP

What do we get from DNS?

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP
Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP
 Computer Servers
• Some of these connected computers have a very specific job, they have to be
online for 24 hours ready to serve you for all of the data and the files you are
requesting.
• Now you can imagine a web server as a giant library which opens 24/7 and you
can go there and request any book at any time.
Client:-
• A computer that is used to access the data and files we call it a client.

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP
 Internet Backbone
• Internet backbone is the collections of wires that connect computers from all
over the world.
• It is one of the principal data routes of networks and core routers on the
internet.
• It is very high speed data transmission line that provides the networking
facilities to relatively small but high speed internet service providers all
around the world.

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP
Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP
3-Tier Architecture

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP

 3-Tier Architecture

1. What ?
2. Why ?
3. How ?

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP

 What ? 3-Tier Architecture

• It is a type of software architecture which is composed of three “tiers” or

“layers”.
• In this architecture we divide the development environments by
modularizing the user interface, business logic, and data storage layers.

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP

What ? 3-Tier Architecture

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP

 Why ? 3-Tier Architecture

• We can modularize our development

• We divide the development into different module, so that we can working on
different modules separately and then integrate them at the deployment.
• Flexibility of Development:
• We can assign one module to a separate team and they can development and
update that particular module of application without effecting the other
modules of the application, which can improve the overall performance of the
application development.
• Scalability of Application:
• The application can be scaled up and out rather easily by detaching the front-
end application from the databases that are selected according to the
individual needs of the customer.

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP

 How ? 3-Tier Architecture

1. Presentation Tier
2. Application Tier
3. Data Tier

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP

 Presentation Tier | 3 Tier Architecture
• The presentation tier is the front end layer in the 3-tier system and consists
of the user interface.
• This user interface is often a graphical one accessible through a web
browser or web-based application and which displays content and
information useful to an end user.
• This tier is often built on web technologies such as HTML5, JavaScript,
CSS.

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP

 Application Tier | 3 Tier Architecture
• The application tier contains the functional business logic which drives an
application’s core capabilities. It’s often written in Php, .NET, C#.

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP

 Data Tier | 3 Tier Architecture
• The data tier comprises of the database/data storage system and data
access layer.
• Examples of such systems are MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL
Server, MongoDB, etc.
• Data is accessed by the application layer via API calls.

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP

 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol | HTTP
• HTTP is the protocol that web browsers and web servers use to
communicate with each other over the Internet.
• HTTP is a connectionless text based protocol. Clients (web browsers) send
requests to web servers for web elements such as web pages and images.
After the request is serviced by a server, the connection between client and
server across the Internet is disconnected. A new connection must be made
for each request.
• Most protocols are connection oriented. This means that the two
computers communicating with each other keep the connection open over
the Internet. HTTP does not however. Before an HTTP request can be
made by a client, a new connection must be made to the server.

Farrukh Ehsan - Senior Lecturer - UCP