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(b) If the pump reduces speed so that the water flow rate is 250 gpm at 60 percent valve
open, determine the pump discharge pressure
220.9 psig
2. A 2 L glass jar is half filled with water and half filled with air at a temperature of
293oK. After 92 mg (=10-3 mol, mw = 92) of liquid toluene is added, the jar is sealed. At
293oK, the Henry’s law constant for toluene is KH,g = 0.15 [Matm-1]. Note: M= mol/L,
gas constant = 82.0510-3 Latm/molK
P t
A ir
C t
L iq u id w a te r
Determine the equilibrium partial pressure (atm) of toluene in the gas phase and the
equilibrium concentration (M) of toluene in the water.
Solution
Pt = 5.2310-3 atm
Ct = 7.8610-4 M
3.2 We want to design a control valve for admitting cooling water to a cooling coil in an
exothermic chemical reactor. The normal flow rate is 60 gpm and the minimum flow rate is
25 gpm. To prevent reactor runaways, the valve must be able to provide three times the
design flow rate. The pressure drop through the cooling coil is 5 psi at the design flow rate of
60 gpm. The cooling water is pumped from an atmospheric tank. The water leaving the coil
run into a pipe in which the pressure is constant at 2 psig. Size the control valve and the
pump.
Solution
Cv = 26.12 gpm/psi0.5 and PT = 92.5 psig. The pump head is then PP = PT +2 = 94.5 psi.
4.2 A process for transferring oil from a storage tank to a separation tower is shown in Figure
P-5b. The tank is at atmospheric pressure, and the tower works at 12.7 psia. Nominal oil flow
is 1000 gpm, its specific gravity is 0.90, and its vapor pressure at the flowing temperature of
90oF is 14.85 psia. The pipe is 8-in. Schedule 40 commercial steel pipe, and the pump
efficiency is 80%. Size a valve to control the flow of oil if the frictional pressure drop in the
line is found to be 6 psi. Use a pressure drop of 10 psi across the valve and estimate the
annual cost if the electricity price is $0.20/kW-hr and the pump operates 8200 hr per year.
N o m in a l T r im s iz e 1 /4 3 /8 ½ 3 /4 1 1 .5 2 3 4 6 8 10
O r if ic e D ia . ( in .) .2 5 0 .3 7 5 .5 0 0 .7 5 0 .8 1 2 1 .2 5 0 1 .6 2 5 2 .6 2 5 3 .5 0 0 5 .0 0 0 6 .2 5 0 8 .0 0 0
V a lv e s iz e
R e d u c e d T r im F u ll C a p a c it y T r im
( in .)
3 /4 1 .7 3 .7 6 .4 11
1 1 .7 3 .7 6 .4 11 12
1½ 1 .7 3 .8 6 .6 12 13 2 5
2 1 .7 3 .8 6 .7 13 19 2 6 4 6
3 14 3 1 4 7 11 0
4 3 2 4 9 11 3 195
6 5 3 126 208 400
8 133 224 415 640
10 233 442 648 1000
Figure P-5a Flow coefficient for Masoneilan’s valve Schedule 40.
S e p a r a t io n
to w e r
P = 1 2 . 7 p s ia
C r u d e ta n k
P = 1 a tm
Pum p
8 ft 6 4 ft
4 ft
Solution ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 8,918/year
5.2 A 4-in Masoneilan valve with Cf = 0.9 and full trim has a capacity factor of 195 gpm/psi 1/2
when fully opened. The pressure drop across the valve is 10 psi.
(a) Calculate the flow of a liquid solution with density 0.8 g/cm3.
(b) Calculate the flow of gas with average molecular weight of 35 when the valve inlet
conditions are 100 psig and 100oF.
(c) Calculate the flow of the gas from part (b) when the inlet pressure is 5 psig. Calculate the
flow both in volumetric and in mass rate units, and compare the results for a 4-in. Fisher
Controls valve (Cv = 183, Cg = 6650, C1 = 36.3).
Solution
(a) Calculate the flow of a liquid solution with density 0.8 g/cm3.
(b) Calculate the flow of gas with average molecular weight of 35 when the valve inlet
conditions are 100 psig and 100oF.
114. 7
Qscfh = 836(195)(0.9) √(35 /29)(560 ) (0.512) = 331,400 scfh
(c) Calculate the flow of the gas from part (b) when the inlet pressure is 5 psig. Calculate the
flow both in volumetric and in mass rate units, and compare the results for a 4-in. Fisher
Controls valve (Cv = 183, Cg = 6650, C1 = 36.3).
19 .7
Qscfh = 836(195)(0.9) √(35 /29)(560 ) (0.972) = 108,100 scfh
520 59.64 10
Qscfh = 6650 √
(35 /29)(560 ) (19.7) sin 36.3 19.7 rad = 105,800 scfh
59.64 10
ṁ = 1.06(6650) √(0.115)(19.7) 36.3 19.7 rad
sin = 9,761 lb/hr
6. A control valve is to regulate the flow of steam into a heat exchanger with a design heat
transfer rate of 10 million Btu/hr. The supply steam is saturated at 20 psig. Size the control
valve for a pressure drop of 10 psi and 100% overcapacity. Assume a Masoneilan valve with
Cf = 0.8.
Solution ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From Figure 3.5-3, a 8-in. Masoneilan valve, with a coefficient of 640, is the smallest valve
that can provide the service.
F = (10)(0.5) 25 = 25 gpm
(b) If a sudden disturbance increases reactor temperature by 10oF, what will be the immediate
effect on the controller output signal and the water flow rate?
8. Develop a dynamic model for the endothermic CSTR as shown in Figure 4-8.
FC
FT
Feed
Product
AT
Solution
dC A E
Vr dt = Fv (CA0 CA) Vr k0 CA exp RT
Since F = Fv
dC A E
Vr dt = F(CA0 CA)/ Vr k0CA exp RT
dC A E
CpVr dt = FCp(T0 T) Vr Hrxnk0CA exp RT + Q