EP326/EE304 EP317/EG202 Environmental Engineering Chapter 3b: Water Pollution & Wastewater Treatment ‘roared by Dr Thang Weng, a Learning Outcome Week 6 + Outline the water quality management + Impact of pollutant to environment and human + Propose Wastewater treatment technologies + Pre-treatment + Primary Treatment + Secondary Treatment + Tertiary Treatment Outline Week 6 + Sources And Classification Of Water Pollstants + Water Quality Parameter + Physical + Chemical + Biological + Water Quality Control Policy + Impact Of Pollutant To Environment And Human + Wastewater Trestment Technologies + Provtreatment + Primary Treatment + Seoondary Treatment + Tertiary Treatment + Water 4.0 Water Quality Management ‘The strategies and measures to be taken towards an effective ‘management of water resources, pollution control and prevention of environmental degradation: 1. Legislation 2. Prevention 3. Water Pollution Sources and Control 4. Non-Point Pollution and its Control 5, Erosion and Sediment Control 6. River quality monitoring1. Legislation + Restitions on plltion finland waters [Section 25, BQA 1974] + Prohibition of escharge of ol into Malysian waters [Section 27, BQA 1974] Prohibition of aacharge of wate into Malaysian waters [Setin 29, EQA 1974] + CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM AGRO-BASED INDUSTRY 19 (Licensing) Reg.2977 129 (Preseribed Premises) (Crude Palos Ol) Reg. 1977 HQ ¢Preseribed Premises) (Raw Natural Rubber) Reg. 1978 + CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM MUNICIPAL & INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER + EQ ladustrialEuent) Reg 2009 HQ (Sewage) Regulations 2009, 129 (Control of Pollution from Slid Waste Trancfer Station & Landi) 3. Water Pollution Sources and Control + Agreed industrler panic pala! ed to taletre WW cet ate ‘pens teipenee erate opine shade protacion watson woteroultonin oder rece water lation tr he inde abo we eure esp the pen elation and sie 80 4001 Creation Sewage Dispos and Sewerage Works Sones mor plete Pe compas on ahd maa serge es end sea spel int oat soe Sullage(Gep-Water - WH fom exenadrine mea each chon ik, aroma, wingman, stra we are and at ig arr -1s big err Gorter nicer lag guts cf Winters hats orice Dagrteigfrming rut arrests ene opr etal fe WW acre fr eon 2. Prevention + thes974Hvirunmental Quality Ae Seton 944 Arepor on input onthe ‘environment rom prescribed actives (HLA requirement is mandatory Preeribed actives that can case water potion inde airport, housing inst, ‘ining, petroleum, power generation, resol and recreational develope a wale tweaunent nd lol faces, Fornon-prescrite activi, ste stability evaluation to assess the capacity ofthe area ecie elite] pollen oe ane reqirrco! for wet: Capea is eed +The vironmental Quality (Sewage and Industrial Een) Regulations 1979 ko rosie that writen permission be obtained before the constriction of ny bling ot | eaeying out any work that may es inne source of fuer or discharge 4. Non-Point Pollution and its Control + sinvlvesthe best management practice in conto te pain + Agricultura runoff-Good agieshurl parties to manag acti such peste spsyng, eng. Forestry ranoff- ood forestry peat to mine sol uso ad sation, estbiation of team banks rom plant ap, iting wept le lng cto and oan ‘wens wherever ese ond revegetation practic to npr verter quay5. Erosion and Sediment Control + Brsinisthe detachment of prion of he sa src. This can gcur yc tbe {pe ef coe ory the tarot Roving aren a Phe Sent tat cape the it my vet ner en or weld and change the Sarat cla terbed. + Erosion Conte + restive tbiaion (rs se) raion conto Banta + elias + Seiment Contos sateen, + ompost es sss + aa drain inet poeton seine sein basins — Water Quality Index 6. River Quality Monitoring + To detect changes in iver water quality on a continvous bass + Parameters monitored: DO, NH4, NH3, Conductivity, Turbidity, Salinity, PH, Temperature, Time, + Water quality levels exceeding the ambient standard for specific sd real-time to DOE parameters willbe trans + Immediate inspection will be conducted at suspected sites. Impacts of Water Pollution + ieases: In hutans, dking or consuming poled walerin ay ty sy isso fects on oar hth teases typhoid chery, hepa and various ther secs + Destrction of Feneystems: Econ are arene dynamic and rapt rea ‘alee uochecked + Butrophication: Chemis ina ater bry, ncournge the growth algae, Thee algae form layer ontop ofthe pod or ake. acted on thie and this ceases tbe aroun: of xpath waterbody, severely afoing the aquatic if thee 1 Effect the food chain: Disrpin‘n fat chins agpen whe in and polls ie ‘he waterae consume by agua nina, ella el which ar tbe conse by mans. ——Wastewater Treatment Process Selection 1 ep pi tote spe ei, dreams mieeindsrerecrabete trie esr, Bee etree Satcher eer eet ‘lesiclameendomard (COD), hema oxygen dciand (BOD), al upended ‘ots CSS) lol itroger C1) and wl phosporeas 5 Inleat WW characteristic: Th caster ofthe fen ft the ype othe Doors: tbe sed (Cem of ioe ad the reqeneat othe Pope, 4 limi constrains: Tempers fs ihr ofan th cen Papen erecta pee create eee ‘Sts panda recy are Roe Soe ea i i reer genet Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies 4. Pre-treatment-Sereening and grit removal take out relatively large floating and suspended debris andthe sand and grit that settles very rapidly which may damage equipment. 2. Primary Treatment: Settling or claifcation removes the prtiles that wil sett out by savy alone within afew hours 3. Secondary Treatment- Typically achieved by using biological ‘process to breakdown the degradable organie pollutants 4. Tertiary Treatment: Disinfection, Membrane filtration, Carbon adsorption, Nutrient removal (* and N) Wastewater Treatment Process Selection 6, Process Slang Restor singe ed om prow ‘Maestros absent or pt pla is cst Data for renton rived aston expen of Peerireereeeted Cnetreeee Ene eerestal tes ete reree pest nee ‘Specialy wher odors produced: Recving water ay hav speil ian, ‘egret ol moval oer ensues sath = mac ‘8, Flexibility in operation: The bly of he proceso wok nacre! ond it oa Saag ‘9. Simple operation and maintenance: Spl opting or malnenare requirements ‘hola betonnenes 20, Reliab: What th ger elit of ert operation? Lethe racen ey “an? Cu and pede foe dng? pb tt oe ge of eae? 1%, Bcgomi: Inurl on operon i nents nt he pont 9 Land availability: saute space to econumode the fae? Any ber sone sya: e ay Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies etemntserning Pppsin pr) inary Train pede lope) loneFlow Diagram of Typical Water Treatment Plant Flow Diagram of Typical Water Treatment Plant Art iz 4. Sexeening and grt removalist tive ag ting nd spend Secondary setling sow be fow enough otha vy wen he Bc SSSR ale gt sts wry rps uy aage Secondary eto hota ay 5 ccunment een eer eee Pinup detinsion eng or creon) erie ian, ilionsenor pee Ee gee ep name iaae Disinfection contact provides sufiient time fr the added dsinfetant to Primary Treatment CominoSedimentation Surface Loading rate (SLR) A ‘A~ total surface area of tank? SLR isthe minimum setting velocity that a particle ean have and still {uarantood to be removed inseting tank. ‘Hydraulic Retention Time (RT) 2av te HRT, br t=—— = Diy flowrate, m/e @ V=tankvolume, m ‘The time it takes fora drop of water to travel from inet to outlet Coagulation and Flocculation cxaqaaton Fncuatan Sadnetason = + Themost common method usd to remove patles and a portion of dissolved orgie imbinaon of oegulton and focation lowed by + Coagulation i change nestaization step that involves the condoning of the suspended, colodal, and dissolved matter by adding coagulans(elumn ALGO). +The purpose of coagulant isto neutralize the surface charge, thus allowing the particles to come together to form sight ager parties (micrftoe) hat ean be ore cally removed ‘ai can disperse the coagulant propery and promote partie ions, which are needed to achieve good coagulation, In Class Practice : Sedimentation ‘The average flowrate ata small municipal wastewater treatment plant is 20000 m/d. The highest observed peak daly lowrate is 50000 m°/d. Design a rectangular primary clarifier with a channel width of 2m, Use surface loading rat of 4om’/m:d with side water depth of am. a) Compute the hydraulic retention time, b) Determine the detention time and surface loading rate at peak flow. Coagulation and Flocculation Nt Seems loceultion, a gentle mixing stage and aggregate the destabilized parties by increasing the partis size rom submieroscoptemlcro-foc ovale lager parties now a8 oc "loc sie continues to ulld with addtional collsions and interaction with ‘edd inorganic polymers (coagulant) or organte polymers ‘Once flac ha eache it optimum size and strength, waters ready for High mixing velocity may cause the flo tearing apart oF shearing. Once flocs ar torn ape sic to get them to reformat ther optima sie and StentCoagulation and Flocculation oe oc go. What have we learned? + Outline the water quality management + Impact of pollutant to environment and human. + Propose Wastewater treatment technologies Pretreasment-Srenng (Phil partie) 1 Barra Conn paris) 1 comminttr Rene of parle) Rotary Drom Fine parses). Primary Treatment (Supended als Onpnie mater) 4 Ghies eimetation) ap ming Caglaton by drag of congas) 4 Recession Lime-Soda Softening ‘The objective isto precipitate the cleum and the magnesium in the water TInonde to preiptate clei, the pH ofthe water must be raised to about 103. ‘To precipitate magnesiom, the pH must be raised to about 1 Calcium Hydroxide, Ca(OH, lie) and Sodium carbonate, Na,SO, (soda) are ‘commonly used for softening the hard water, 0, Guo Cop 40 (Go Fane rex 2006 +210 spa; enom= #0 + 240 uf eo = DCR +) “raeoye encoun Sec sg