STUDENT: Steven Hernán Alvarado Bajaña

COURSE: 3rd Accounting “A”

DATE: Friday, October 23, 2020
MATERIA: English

THE PACHAMAMA
What do you think is the equivalent of Pachamama?
Environment

Mother Earth

Care of Nature

Environmental impact

Read the following passage.

The Pachamama is usually translated into English as “Mother Earth”, although the more
literal translation would be “World Mother”. She is an Andean indigenous goddess. She
is worshipped in the region of Tawantinsuyu, the former Incan Empire, which now
includes the Andean regions of Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, Peru, and northern Argentina. In
Incan mythology, she presides over planting and harvesting crops and can cause
earthquakes.
She is also the goddess of fertility. In the Quechua Cosmo vision, the four principles –
Water, Earth, Sun, and Moon – come from her. She is the mother of the Sun god Inti, and
the Moon Goddess Mama Killa. She is offered many sacrifices, especially animals like
llamas and alpacas. Rituals to honor her are celebrated all year, but especially in August,
which is the coldest month of the year in the southern Andes. With the arrival of the
Spaniards, in some regions of the Andes, the Pachamama was replaced by the Virgin
Mary. But those who believe in the Pachamama can maintain a balanced, reciprocal
relationship with her. It is said that if people treat the Pachamama well and offer her the
best sacrifices, then she in return will give them a good harvest.
Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
 What is the most common translation for Pachamama in English?
The Pachamama is usually translated into English as “Mother Earth”, although the
more literal translation would be “World Mother”.

 What powers does the Pachamama have?

She presides over planting and harvesting crops and can cause earthquakes. She is
also the goddess of fertility.

 What do people offer to the Pachamama?

The people offered many sacrifices, especially animals like llamas and alpacas. Rituals
to honor her are celebrated all year, but especially in August, which is the coldest
month of the year in the southern Andes.

 How do people maintain a good relationship with the Pachamama?

It is said that if people treat the Pachamama well and offer her the best sacrifices, then
she in return will give them a good harvest.
STUDENT: Steven Hernán Alvarado Bajaña
COURSE: 3rd Accounting “A”
Word search
THE PACHAMAMA

R E T A W I R H A A C U

M Y S P A N I A R D S Y

O M T Y G C J R P U P U

T N P I T A K V N R O S

H B A R L N R E G T R N

E N C N M I I S O N C I

R I H A B H T T D O E T

E G A E K N U R D O R N

A R M D H I A A E M I A

R I A N V J L M S F P W

T V M A C J S L S T M A

H E A R T H Q U A K E T

Water Earthquake Virgin Inty

Goddess Pachamama Fertility Empire
Tawantinsuyu Andean Crops Harvest
Incan Sun Spaniards Killa
Moon Mother earth rituals
STUDENT: Steven Hernán Alvarado Bajaña
COURSE: 3rd Accounting “A”
DATE: Friday, October 30, 2020
MATERIA: English

RECYCLING
Instructions: Answer the following question via WhatsApp to your teacher or in your
notebook.
Is there a recycling program in your community? If there is, describe it. If not, why do
you think there isn’t any?
In my town there is no recycling program due to lack of organization, but it is very
necessary since we save energy and fight against climate change, we use less raw
materials, we preserve the environment among others.

LISTENING
Instructions: Listen to two friends talk about a new school recycling program then
decide if each of the following sentences are true (t), false (f), or not
mentioned (nm)

1. The school just started a new recycling program this year. T F MN

2. There are two different containers: one for recyclables and one
T F MN
for non-recyclables.
3. The school has reduced waste by 50% this year. T F MN

4. Both friends have recycling programs at their schools. T F MN

5. Both friends think it is important to help save the planet. T F MN

GRAMMAR NOTE
In this dialogue, you can hear the words SO and SUCH come up often.

Can you remember the rule for the use of these words?

We often fuse “SO” and “SUCH” to mean “very” or “really”. It makes the sentence stronger
and shows that there is a high level of something.

We use “SO” before an adjective or adverb (without a noun).

Example: The food was so delicious (= the food was really delicious).

We use 'SUCH' before a noun or an adjective + a noun. If there is 'a' or 'an', it goes after 'such'.
Example: It was such delicious food (= it was really delicious food).

Write four sentences about things your school does or could do to help the environment.
In two of the sentences, use so, and in the other two, use such.

So
STUDENT: Steven Hernán Alvarado Bajaña
COURSE: 3rd Accounting “A”
1. I always eat organic fruit from the cooperative so I don't generate garbage when I

eat

2. Every day I ride my bike to school so I don't pollute

Such

1. I carry out tasks to help reduce pollution such as sorting trash and turning off school

faucets when they leak

2. I myself buy things that do not harm the environment such as recyclable and

biodegradable bags.
 STUDENT: Steven Hernán Alvarado Bajaña
COURSE: 3rd Accounting “A”
DATE: Friday, November 6, 2020
MATTER: English

The World Needs me

Instructions: Discuss this question with your family, classmates, or teacher.
Make a list.
What do you think the benefits of recycling for the planet are?
1. Reduce disposable packaging or products.
2. Reduce food waste.
3. Decant preferably for products of recycled origin.
4. Select materials that are more respectful with the environment and with a longer
useful life.
5. Find ways to reuse textile resources before disposing of them.

Instructions: Read the following article about recycling

Amazing Facts About Recycling
Recycling is a process by which new material is created using old items. It is part of a
waste disposal hierarchy that is: reduce, reuse, recycle. Here are 10 important facts
about recycling.
1. Recycling one aluminum can save a lot of energy… enough to run your TV for three
hours!
2. Recycling helps conserve natural resources like gas, coal, and oil.
3. Recycling 2,000 pounds of paper can save 17 trees.
4. The plastic bags that have ended up in the ocean kill over a million sea creatures
every year.
5. Over 60% of what is thrown away in the garbage can be recycled!
6. A modern glass bottle takes about 4,000 years to decompose, and maybe even
longer in a landfill. And this glass is 100% recyclable.
7. Most people produce about 4.4 pounds of garbage every day.
8. By recycling one ton of plastic, we can save between 1,000-2,000 gallons of gasoline.
9. Recycling one glass bottle can save enough energy to power a 100-watt bulb for
four hours.
10. Making recycled paper produces 70% less air pollution than making new paper.
Sources: https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/various-recycling-facts.php
https://www.wftv.com/news/local/breaking-down-recycling-are-you-doing-it-right-helpful-tips-links-ideas/961303516

Instructions: Synthesize the material from the reading and organize it into the
boxes below. Write complete sentences in your own words.

Glass Plastic Paper Aluminum Other Facts

Always when going Use less plastic and My mom always On the table was an There are other fac-
to the beach, do not more reusable uses every part of aluminum jug which tors that deteriorate
forget to collect the packaging thus the writing paper. Joshuen kept. the planet, such as
glass containers. helping the planet. excesible consump-
tion of natural
STUDENT: Steven Hernán Alvarado Bajaña
COURSE: 3rd Accounting “A”
DATE: Thursday, November 12, 2020
MATTER: English

The Earth song

Do you know any songs that talk about our planet?
“Earth Song” by Michael Jackson “Mercy, Mercy Me (The Ecology)” by Marvin Gaye.

CULTURE: Michael Jackson (1958-2009) was an American singer,

songwriter, and dancer. He was a very influential figure in pop music in the
late 20th century. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time,
selling over 350 million records worldwide. His legacy will live on
forever.

Read the lyrics from “The Earth Song” by Michael Jackson.

“The Earth Song”
Vocabulary
shed: lost weeping: crying

glance: look drifted: traveled slowly and without destination

“The Earth Song”

What about sunrise,
what about rain
What about all the things that
you said we were to gain
What about killing fields, is there a time
What about all the things that
you said were yours and mine
Did you ever stop to notice all
the blood we’ve shed before Did you ever
stop to notice this crying Earth, these
weeping
shores…
What have we done to the
world, look what we’ve done
What about all the peace that you pledge
your only son
What about flowering fields, is there a
time
What about all the dreams that you said
was yours and mine
Did you ever stop to notice all
the children dead from war
Did you ever stop to notice this
crying earth, these weeping
shores…
I used to dream, I used to
glance beyond the stars
Now I don’t know where we are
Although I know we’ve drifted far…
STUDENT: Steven Hernán Alvarado Bajaña
COURSE: 3rd Accounting “A”
Answer the questions below in complete sentences.
What is the message of the song?
The song Earth by Michael Jackson shows the pollution on the planet and invites us to.

Do you think songs are a good way to raise awareness about the environment? Why or
why not?
I think that it is not a good idea to raise awareness through songs because people only
listen to what they want to hear, that is, people do not care what others are happening
to them, but what happened to themselves, that is why I do not think that with a song
they will stop doing what they always do and, perhaps, they will not stop doing until it
truly affects them.

If you can, listen to the song. Notice how some words are longer than others when
singing.
Yes, because it is trying to capture the attention and sensitize the listener, making
some parts of the song more dramatic.

Do you think listening to music is a good way to improve your English?

Yes, listening to music is a good way to learn English or at least become familiar with
the pronunciation, as long as they are subtitled because you will know how each word
is pronounced.
STUDENT: Steven Hernán Alvarado Bajaña
COURSE: 3rd Accounting “A”
DATE: Friday, November 20, 2020
MATTER: English

Wonderful Ecuador
1.-What are some interesting facts you already know about Ecuador related to history,
technology, science, and art? Name at least one for each category.
History Technology science Art
Ecuador was part In 2011 Ecuador According to a Oswaldo
of the “Gran presented its first recently publication Guayasamin was a
Colombia” that satellite called very soon the well-known painter
involved countries PEGASO. blood sugar level in all the world.
like Colombia, could be calculated
Panama and through skin
Venezuela. without pricking

2.-Read the text about Ecuador

The official name of our country is the Republic of Ecuador. It is the second smallest
country in South America, with 256,370 square kilometers. Due to its position on the
equator, our country has incredible biodiversity and wonderful landscapes.
The official language is Spanish. Quichua is spoken by many indigenous
nationalities.
About ten other native languages are also official in their communities. According to
the law, all indigenous languages in Ecuador must be respected and preserved.
Ecuador uses the United States Dollar as its currency. The capital city is Quito

3.-Based on the reading, underline the correct statements.

a. Ecuador is the second largest country in South America.
b. We have great biodiversity because we are far from the equator.
c. About 12 languages are spoken in our country.
d. Approximately 24.1% of indigenous people live in the Amazonia.
e. There are about 1.1 million indigenous people in Ecuador.

INTEREST FACTS
The indigenous population in Ecuador is about 1.1 million people. They are
composed of 15 indigenous nationalities. Ecuador voted in favor of the Declaration
on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. About 24.1% of Ecuador’s indigenous people
live in the Amazon region.

4.-What do you know about different indigenous groups?

Answer the statements with true (t) or false (f)

The majority of them (60%)live in the six provinces of the central north highland T

There are 14 indigenous nationalities with their own language. F

Some of this indigenous group live in the rainforest. T

They have a soccer club whose name is mushuc runa T

STUDENT: Steven Hernán Alvarado Bajaña
COURSE: 3rd Accounting “A”
DATE: Friday, November 27, 2020
MATTER: English

What are some interesting attractions for tourists in Ecuador?

Instructions: Answer this question with your teacher, classmates or family.
What are some interesting attractions for tourists in Ecuador? Make a list of some
wonders of Ecuador related to history, science, and technology.
Indigenous communities Research Planetarium
Ingapirca Coriolis effect Virtual tourism
Shamanism Endemic species Use of technology
Historic downtown Conservation TIC´s and tourism

Can these wonders attract tourists to our country as well?

Yes, they can because Ecuador has a large variety of touristic places for all kind of
tourists.

Instructions: Match words with the corresponding meaning.

a. Straw
__c__develop gradually, especially from a
simple to a more complex form.

b. Dormant
__a__dried stalks of grain, used especially as
fodder or as material for thatching, packing, or
weaving.

c. Evolve
__b__having normal physical functions
suspended or slowed down for a period of
time; in or as if in a deep sleep.

Instructions: Listen to a foreigner telling their family about some wonderful

features of our country and complete the following chart. What does the visitor
say she learned about the following Ecuadorian attractions? Use your own
words. Write in your notebook.
Panama Hat Chimborazo Volcano Galapagos Islands

Panama Hat are made by Chimborazo Volcano it a The animals of Galapagos

straw in the Ecuadorian dormant volcano and the they have adapted to the
coast. closest point to the sun. islands, special.

Discuss one of the three above items with your family

My family and me we have chosen the topic about the Galapagos island, and we've
discussed how species have evolved in some parts of the world.
STUDENT: Steven Hernán Alvarado Bajaña
COURSE: 3rd Accounting “A”
DATE: Friday, December 04, 2020
MATTER: English

The History of Paja Toquilla Hats

It is said that back in 1835, people in Montecristi, Manabí sent boxes of hats
to Manta and Guayaquil to be exported to Panama. The time coincided with
the California Gold Rush (1848-1855), which made the hat famous because
of the abundant sun on the west coast of the United States. They became so
popular in the ports of Panama that the name was quickly linked to that
location.
During the construction of the Panama Canal, Theodore Roosevelt, who was
the president of United States at that time, wore those kinds of hats and
contributed to their increasing popularity. Many workers also wore them. It
is said that many passengers who were passing through the canal also made
the hats famous. They became really valued around the world.
Edward VII of England ordered a hat for himself and paid a lot of money for
it. In 1985, the hat was selected as one of the 100 best designs ever by the
Conrad Foundation in England.
Also, in 2017, the UNESCO declared Paja Toquilla hats as part of the list of
Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
INTERESTING FACTS
Paja Toquilla hats are made in Montecristi, Cuenca, and Chordeleg, but most
hats come from Cuenca. In fact, there is a hat museum in Cuenca in which
visitors can learn about their history and the process involved in making
them. You can find hats from $20 to $5000.

VOCABULARY
Translate into Spanish the following words
Gold Rush. a situation in which many people go quickly to
a place where gold has been discovered
because they hope to find more gold and
become rich.
Fiebre del Oro. una situación en la
que mucha gente
va rápi-damente a
un lugar donde se
ha descubierto oro
porque esperan encontrar más oro y
hacerse ricos.
Ports. a town or city where ships stop to load and unload cargo.
Puertos. un pueblo o ciudad donde los barcos se detienen para cargar y descargar
carga.

Fill in the blanks using information from the reading.

Paja toquilla hats are called Panama hat.
Theodore Roosevelt wore those kinds of hats during the time he was president of
the United States he wore such hats and contributed to his growing popularity.
Edward VII of England ordered a hat for himself and paid a lot of money.
In Ecuador, paja toquilla hats are made in Montecristi, Cuenca, and Chordeleg.
There is a museum about the history of hats in Cuenca.
In 1985, the hat was chosen as one of the best designs by the Conrad Foundation.
STUDENT: Steven Hernán Alvarado Bajaña
COURSE: 3rd Accounting “A”
The UNESCO declared the hats as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.

DATE: Friday, December 11, 2020

MATTER: English

What is your favorite handicraft from your community?

What are some interesting handicrafts made in Ecuador for tourists?
Here in Ecuador there are many crafts that attract the attention of tourists, since these
crafts are made with top quality materials and made by experts and professionals in the
art. For example, toquilla straw hat, otavalo crafts, ceramics and among others.

Writing a short review.

Tagua nut jewelry
Jewelry made of a seed does not seem so elegant, but there are some beautiful
pieces. Tagua comes from a palm tree that grows in my community. It is called
“vegetable ivory”; it is very similar to the ivory that people take from elephants. The
best part of tagua is that no plant or animal gets hurt and you can create wonderful
pieces of jewelry. My favorite piece is a colorful necklace that I have had for years and
goes well with almost all my clothing. I also have a pair of earrings which are absolutely
wonderful. I really like tagua jewelry and I am sure I will get more pieces.

Relatives clauses
Who – Which – That
We use relative clauses when we want to give more information about the
person or thing we are talking
Send me the photo…
Send me the photo which you took me yesterday
That’s the man who stole my pocket.
He is the teacher that helps me every week.

Defining relative clauses

Non-defining relative clauses

Who – which – that
Usamos las ‘Non-defining relative clauses’ cuando queremos unir dos
oraciones en una, por ejemplo
The queen will be 64 in April. She loves skydiving.
This cap, which I bought yesterday, is very comfortable
My brother, that lives in Cuenca, is a great artist

Step 1. Topic sentence: Introduce the idea of your favorite handicraft.

My favorite craft is embroidering with elegant designs on clothing

Step 2. Explain where the materials come from.

The materials come from vegetable or animal textile fibers.

Step 3. Explain how it can be used. Is it a decoration, clothing, jewelry?

It would be used for garments for both women and men of different ages.

Step 4. Say why you like it and recommend it.

Because with this technique you can make a number of elegant designs since there
are a lot of templates to make them.
STUDENT: Steven Hernán Alvarado Bajaña
COURSE: 3rd Accounting “A”
DATE: Friday, December 18, 2020
MATTER: English

Sports and Culture

Read the text bellow and answer the question in complete sentences:

How do sports shape culture?

Sports and culture
It is said that culture is everything around us.
It is the way we speak, we dress, even the way
we think about certain topics. The word
culture comes from the Latin “cultura”, which
means to tend to, to cultivate. It was first
understood as growing through education, but
in the middle of 19th century, it was related to
collective customs and inherited traditions and patterns of meanings in
societies. All cultures are different, and even in a single country many
subcultures can be identified.

Sports are a universal element found in all cultures. They provide young
people with experiences, fun, good physical health, as well as opportunities for
social interaction and skills necessary for participation in society. Young
athletes are also agents of change in their communities; they can educate
others and inspire young athletes. When people are engaged in sports,
identities and goals are shared. Bonds are cultivated across racial, ethnic, and
class lines. Sports help human rights progress.

Underline the ideas found in the passage:

a. Culture reflects everything we are.
b. Culture only means “to be educated”
c. Culture is the same in all societies.

Communication and cultural awareness

Read the text bellow and answer the question in complete sentences: How do sports
shape culture?
Sport contributes to improving health, social and cultural life because it brings people
and communities together. Sport allows to distinguish peoples and cultures, it is
fundamental in any society, through it communities can be united under the same
purpose, develop empathy for the other and all fight for the same ideal.

How do sports shape culture?

 Sport improves social and cultural life because it brings people and communities
closer together

 Sport is essential with regard to culture within any society, since through it different
conceptions of citizens can materialize in the same activity, making there more
union and a specific community or social group to develop more empathy for the
other.
STUDENT: Steven Hernán Alvarado Bajaña
COURSE: 3rd Accounting “A”
Answer the questions related to the reading
Which language does the word Culture come from?

Greek Latin Anglo-Saxon

In the 19th century, how Cultures related to?

Dispersed customs and Concerted customs and

inherited traditions inherited traditions

Sports are a global or restricted restricted elemental fond in all cultures.

What qualities can sports provide? Tick the correct ones.

Bad physical health

Fun and experiences
Less opportunities to interact with people
Develop skills
Inspire others
Unfair play
Human rights progress
Lack of bonds
STUDENT: Steven Hernán Alvarado Bajaña
COURSE: 3rd Accounting “A”
Free Time Activities
Match the picture with the corresponding Free Time Activity.

Surf the Internet

Go to the movies

Do/play sports

Watch TV

Play video games

Go out with friends

Listen to music

Read the text

Free time activities

People do many different things when they have free time.
They listen to music, record videos, download music, read
books, watch TV, go to the movies, chat with their friends,
etc. if there is enough money, there are more possibilities.

So, if you have free time, what do you do?

When I have free time I watch a movie, chat, play games, tidy up my room, etc.

What tense is used in each sentence?

Present Past Future
simple simple simple
STUDENT: Steven Hernán Alvarado Bajaña
COURSE: 3rd Accounting “A”
Extra exercises
Add s, es, or ies to the following verbs

VERB THIRD PERSON VERB THIRD PERSON

Watch Watches Surf Surfs
Do Does Study Studies
Play Plays Kiss Kisses
Go Goes Wash Washes
Listen Listens Work Works

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences in present simple tense
Plays
Mary video games every day.

Does
They some sports every weekend.

Charles Surfs the internet in the afternoon.

My friends Goes out to the cinema on Friday.

I usually Watch TV in the evening.