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                         DNA Replication Review Worksheet -KEY

1. What does DNA stand for? Which Biomolecule group does DNA belong to?
Deoxyribonucleic acid;  nucleic acids
2. What is DNA’s primary function?
acts as a “blue print” of life, carries the genetic code of the organism
DNA holds our genetic code which is determined by the order of bases in the gene,
which specifies what type of protein will be produced.  What organelle is the protein
factory?
ribosome
3.  Name the dark, rod shaped structures that are made of DNA and found in the
nucleus.
chromosome
4. What are the subunits(monomers) called that make up DNA?
nucleotide
5. Name the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide.
pentose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
6. Sketch and label a DNA nucleotide.

7. Name the 4 nitrogen bases on DNA.

adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine

8. What is the difference between a purine & a pyrimidine?

the number of rings in the nitrogen base, purines have 2, pyrimidines have 1

9. Name 2 purines.
adenine, guanine

10. Name 2 pyrimidines.

cytosine, thymine
11. Who is responsible for determining the 3 dimensional structure of the DNA
molecule.
Scientists - Watson and Crick
12. The model of DNA is known as a double helix (shape)

13. What makes up the sides “backbone” of a DNA molecule?

alternating sugars and phosphates
14. What makes up the "steps" of a DNA molecule?
nitrogen bases
15. How did Rosalind Franklin contribute to determining the structure of DNA?
Using X-rays she took a picture of a DNA sample and, she discovered the helix shape
of DNA
16. What type of bonds holds the DNA bases together? Are they strong or weak
bonds?
weak hydrogen bonds
17.  Define eukaryotic. a cell that has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Where in a eukaryotic cell is DNA found? nucleus

Define prokaryotic.  a cell that lacks a nucleus and organelles, bacteria are
projaryotes
Where in a prokaryotic cell is DNA found? cytoplasm or nucleoid

18. On DNA, a purine base will always pair with a pyrimidine base.

19. What did Erwin Chargaff learn about DNA?

base pairing rules, that the amount of adenine always equaled the amount of thymine,
and cytosine equaled the amount of guanine,  A pairs with T, C pairs with G
20.  What did Frederick Griffith learn about DNA
discovered “transformation” when looking for a vaccine for pneumonia, he discovered
that DNA of one organism could be used to replicate another organism
21.  Name the complementary base pairs on DNA.
A-T, C-G
22.  Cells must copy their DNA before they do what?
replicate,  a cell cannot divide without copying the DNA first, both new cells need an
exact copy of DNA
23. The template of a strand of DNA is 5’TGAGGCT 3’.  Write the complementary
strand.  Include 3’ and 5’
3’ACTCCGA5’
24.DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to what end of the DNA molecule?
5’
25.  The DNA fits into the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell by coiling around a group of
beadlike proteins called histones.  Pg 131 of reading packet

26. Define DNA replication.DNA is duplicated or copies in a semiconservative

fashion, where the parent strand is used as a template to create two identical
daughter strands of DNA.  Each daughter strand contains ½ of the old DNA and ½
new DNA

27. What is the first step that must occur in DNA replication?
unwind and unzip
28. What acts as the template in DNA replication?
the parent strand that is opened
29. As the two strands open at the origins of replication, replication bubble or fork
forms.
Prokaryotic chromosome have a single replication bubble, while eukaryotic cells have
multiple bubbles.

30. What enzymes help separate the 2 strands of nucleotides on DNA? What bonds
do
they break? DNA helicase, weak hydrogen bonds

31. What is the function of DNA polymerases?to add free-floating nucleotides and
“proofread” the new strand to make sure that the correct bases are paired together

32. If the sequence of nucleotides on the original DNA strand was A – G – G – C – T –

A,
what would be the nucleotide sequence on the complementary strand of DNA? T-G-G-
C-T-A

33.  When we draw a diagram of DNA, What does the long, continuous line represent
in a DNA strand? sugar and phosphate backbone

34. Why does DNA replication take place at many places on the molecule
simultaneously?
so that DNA can replicate quickly, human DNA is over 6 feet long in a single cell!
35. When replication is complete, how do the 2 new DNA molecules compare to each
other
& the original DNA molecule? the new DNA is identical to the original molecule of
DNA, ½ is old strand (parent) and ½ is new strand

36.  What enzyme uncoils DNA so it can be replicated or copied?DNA helicase

       What other job does this enzyme perform? unwinds and unzips

37.  What is the job of single-stranded binding proteins?

keep DNA strands separate during replication

38.  An RNA primer must be present to start the addition of new nucleotides.  What
enzyme makes the RNA primer?

39.  DNA polymerase is the enzyme that adds new complementary base pairs.

40.  DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to what end of the DNA molecule? 5’

41.  Which DNA strand is synthesized continuously as a single strand?leading strand

42.  Which strand is synthesized in short segments away from the replication fork?
lagging strand

43.  What are the short segments of the lagging strand called? Okazaki fragments

44.  What enzyme joins Okazaki fragments together into one strand? ligase

45.  Define Semiconservative Replication.

Watson and Crick hypothesized that DNA was replicated in this manner.  DNA is
duplicated or copies in a semiconservative fashion, where the parent strand is used
as a template to create two identical daughter strands of DNA.  Each daughter
strand contains ½ of the old DNA and ½ new DNA
46
Human - G 19, T 31;  Cow - C 22, T 28; Salmon A-29, G-21;  Wheat - G-24, C-24;
Yeast C-19, T-31

47.  Label the DNA strand.  Color the parental DNA strands Red.  Color the daughter
strands yellow.
48.  Label the diagrams using the words below.

1. phosphate

2. sugar

3. purine

4. guanine

5. pyrimidine

6. cytosine
49.

a.  Adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) are the four nitrogenous
bases in DNA.

b.  In DNA, cytosine always forms hydrogen bonds with guanine (G).

c.  The sequence of nucleotidescarries genetic information of an organism.

d.  Chargaff’s data states that the number of purine bases equals the number of
pyrimidine bases in DNA.

e.  The twisted ladder shape of DNA is called a double helix.

f.  DNA is the genetic material of all organisms.

g.  The pyrimidine bases have a single-ring structure.

h.  DNA and RNA are the two nucleic acids found in  living cells.

i.  DNA supercoils to make up the structure known as a chromosome.

50.  Matching  1-E, 2-A, 3-F, 4-C, 5-D, 6-B