1.

Extraction Ginsenosides from Panax

Ginsenosides are a group of triterpenoidal saponins and are the biologically active
components in Panax species (Chen, 2008). Mayor ginsenosides in Panax sp. are Rb1, Rb2, Rc,
Rd, Re, Rg1. Engelberth (2009) shows that Rb1 is the most abundant saponin in ginseng has
protective effect in human endothelial cells and Re as the second most abundant ginsenosides has
antihyperglycemic action. That’s why people find out the way to extract ginsenosides from
Panax sp. In the extraction studied, there are several main affected factors such as extraction
method, solvent ratio, sample to solution ratio, time and particulate size.

Ginsenosides are soluble in organic solvent such as ethanol with solubility

approximately 20 mg/ml, DMSO, and DMF (Cayman Chemicals, 2016). In addition, under the
regulation from head of Indonesian Drug Regulatory Authority (BPOM) Number 22 Year 2016
the permitted solvents are water and ethanol as well as a mixture of both. So, ethanol 80% used
as solvent in this gensenosides extraction. Studies have shown that ethanol 80% can extract
29,19% total saponin.

Material

The freshly harvested ginseng roots were stored in a cold room at 4 °C. Before
extraction, samples were washed, carefully peeled and homogenized with grinder. Then it were
shieved with 40 mesh screen.

Procedure
 Figure 1. Schematic Chart of Ginsenosides Extraction

This ginsenosides extraction from Panax sp. were used reflux method. Reflux is a
simultaneous method because the solvent material will be continuously fed by the new solvent so
that there will be no equilibrium (saturation) and transfer of mass transfer of the compound from
the material to the solvent will occur more quickly. It will help speed up the extraction process.
Another advantage of using the reflux method in the pharmaceutical industry is environmentally
friendly because the solvent requirement can be minimized since the solvent already used in the
extraction process will be condensed and pumped into the concentration tank for evaporation and
collected in the solvent tank. It will then be reused by pumping to the extraction tank. The tank
used is a tank equipped with a jacket so it will prevent the occurrence of temperature changes in
the tank due to environment temperature.
Based on the flow starts contained in figure 1, the extraction process begins by filling
the extraction tank with Panax sp. which has been mashed. At this time extraction used 0.5 ton
Panax sp. with 80% ethanol solvent as much as 5 L into the tank. Then both the tank both the
extraction tank and the concentration tank will be heated by a constant heating at 40-80 ° C.
After solvent was diluted for 2 hours, then 1.5 L of extract was pumped to the concentration tank
with a flow rate of 250 ml / min. Then in the concentration tank, the solvent will be evaporated
and condensed to be accommodated in the solvent tank. The solvent of ethanol in the solvent
tank can be used for further extraction process. While extracts containing ginsenosides will
remain in the concentration tank.