Practical Week 4

Physiology (the effects of drinking some kinds of solution and exercise to the water
excretion)
Laboratory coordinator
dr. Herman
Laboratory assistant
dr. Theresia
Learning objective
Student should be able to:
1. Explain the regulation of osmolality of the body fluid.
2. Explain the effect of a) drinking some kinds of solutions and b) exercise to the
osmolality of body fluid and their effects on ADH secretion.

Appendix 3
Laboratory Manual for Measuring Water Excretion

Introduction
Normally, 180 L of fluid is filtered through the glomeruli each day, while the average
daily urine volume is about 1 L, The same load of solute can be excreted per 24 hours in a urine
volume of 500 ml with a concentration of 1400 mosm/kg or in a volume of 23.3 L with a
concentration of 30 mosm/kg. These figures demonstrate two important facts: first, that at least
87% of the filtered water is reabsorbed, even when urine volume is 23.3 L; and second that the
absorption of the remainder of the filtered water can be varied without affecting total solute
excretion. Therefore, when the urine is concentrated, water is retained in excess of solute; and
when it is dilute, water is lost from the body in excess of solute. Both facts have great importance
in the body economy and regulation of osmolality of the body fluid. A key regulator of water
output is vasopressin acting on the collecting ducts.

Learning Objective
1. Understand the effect of drinking several kinds of water/solution and anaerobic exercise
on urine volume, pH, specific mass, and glucose content.
2. Explain the mechanism of action of anti-diuretic hormone.

Equipment and material

1. Drinking water (aqua) 1,5 liter
2. Tea water 300 ml
3. Sugar solution (75 g sugar in 300 ml water)
4. Plastic glass 250 ml for urine collection.
5. Measuring beaker for urine volume
6. Multistix
7. Watch + metronom
8. Body scale
9. Mercury sphygmomanometer
10. Tissue paper
Method of experiments:
1. Subject of each group is male student, healthy.
2. Before going to school, in the morning, drink 2 -3 glasses of water.
3. Before starting the experiment (at 09:10 o'clock), the subject's urine is collected and
measured its volume, specific mass (beratjenis), pH, and glucose content (using multistix).
All the data must be written in a form as U-pra.
4. Then each subject must be:
- weighted
- measured his blood pressure in sitting position.
5. At about 09:40 o'clock, the step 3 and 4 have to be done again, and the result data must
be written in U-0 column.
During experiment, the subject's physical activity must be restricted to prevent sweating
and insensible water lost. And also not allowed to eat and drink, except as a part of
experiment.
6. Then
Subject A:
a. Drink 1 liter of water within minutes
b. After 30, minutes finishing drinking 1 liter of water, do the step 3 and 4 again, and also
at minutes 60, 90, and 120.
The result data must be written in the column of U-30, U-60,

Subject B:
a. Drink 300 ml tea water within 10 minutes.
b. After 30 minutes finishing drinking 300 ml tea water, do as the step 6.b.
Subject C:
Do the same step like subject B, but drink 300 ml sugar solution.
What do you expect from subject A, B, and C?

Subject D:
a. Drink 300 ml of water within 10 minutes, than do physical warming up by push up or
running with frequency about 25 - 30 step for 30", 30" stop, then repeat next 30",
then stop ad repeat again after 30”. Do this warming up exercise until the pulse rate
reaching about 150 X/minute.. Then measure his blood pressure and pulse rate.
b. Let the subject in rest condition about 3 minutes.
c. Have the subject running/push up again in 120 or more steps per minute within about
1 minute (anaerobic exercise with maximal exercise). Then let the subject make as
cooling down by running in 5 - 10 steps per minute for about 3 minutes.
d. 30 minutes after finishing physical exercise, do step 6.b. without drinking something.
e. Write the result data in U-30, U-60,

Subject E:
Do as a control subject. Do step 2, 3, 4, and step 6. b. without drinking nor doing
something in step 6.
(3. Before starting the experiment (at 09:10 o'clock), the subject's urine is collected and
measured its volume, specific mass (beratjenis), pH, and glucose content (using multistix).
All the data must be written in a form as U-pra.
 4. Then each subject must be:
- weighted
- measured his blood pressure in sitting position.
Write the result data in raw U-30, U-60, )

Make a report using this form.

Subject name : Date:
Subject A/B/C/D/E
U-Bef U-0’ U-30’ U-60’ U-90 Total
U-volume
Time
U-volume
(ml)
Periode of taking
urine (min)
Production rate of
urine.... cc/hour
(Vol/Time)
Urine color
Glucose 30”
Bilirubin 30”
Keton 40 “
Specific gravity/S
45 “
PH60”
Blood 60 “
Protein 60”
Urobilinogen 60”
Nitrite 60”
Leucocyte 120”
Body weight
Blood pressure

Analize what is the expected reponse