9

Technology and
Livelihood Education 9
(Computer Hardware Servicing)
Quarter 3 – Module 7:

(Part II )
Basic Concepts of Electricity
Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 7: Basic Concepts of Electricity (Part II)
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks,
etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort
has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over
them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

JUNIOR HS MODULE DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Author : Edrina A. Singian

Co-Author - Content Editor : Filipinas J. Bedruz

Co-Author - Language Reviewer : May S. Flores
Co-Author - Illustrator : Edrina A. Singian

Co-Author - Layout Artist : Edrina A. Singian

DIVISION MANAGEMENT TEAM:

Schools Division Superintendent : Romeo M. Alip, PhD, CESO V
OIC- Asst. Schools Division Superintendent : William Roderick R. Fallorin, CESE
Chief Education Supervisor, CID : Milagros M. Peñaflor, PhD
Education Program Supervisor, LRMDS : Edgar E. Garcia, MITE Education
Program Supervisor, AP/ADM : Romeo M. Layug
Education Program Supervisor, Learning Area : Firstname MI. Lastname Project
Development Officer II, LRMDS : Joan T. Briz
Division Librarian II, LRMDS : Rosita P. Serrano

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of Bataan

Office Address: Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan
Telefax: (047) 237-2102
E-mail Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph
 9
Technology and
Livelihood
Education 9
(Computer Hardware Servicing)
Quarter 3 – Module 7:
Basic Concepts of Electricity
(Part II)

Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-
bystep as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-
check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust
that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the basic concepts of electricity needed in working with computer devices
and equipment. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.

The set of modules was designed and written to help you be familiar with the
different concept and develop the different skills required in the specialization
Computer Hardware Servicing. This module particularly focuses on how to
diagnose and configure computer systems and networks of computer system
errors.

After going through this module, you are expected to diagnose and configure
computer systems and networks of computer system errors (TLE_ICTCS9DT-IIIf-j-
2).

1. Define and differentiate the two types of current.

What I Know

Read each item carefully. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word/phrase.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. __________ is a movement of positive or negative electric particles.
2. There are ____ types of electric current.
3. The two types of electric current are direct current and __________.
4. __________ means that the flow of electric charge that does not change
direction.
5. In direct current, the flow of electric charge is follows _____ direction only.

1
Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 7
6. ___________ or AC is an electric current that periodically reverses its direction.
7. AC electricity is produced by generators from a ____________.
8. Alternating currents are sinusoidal waves, which allows them to __________ in
time.
9. It is relatively easy to change voltages of AC using a ______________.
10. The primary purpose of the computer’s _________ is to convert AC to DC.

Check your answer using the key to corrections.

Were you able to get all the correct answers? If yes, then that means you
already know much about our topic in this module.

If not, it is alright. Because that means you will learn something new from
this module.

Lesson

1 Basic Concepts of Electricity

This module will help you have fundamental knowledge about electricity. It will
equip you with the basic knowledge on electrical terms.

What’s In

Before we proceed to our topic, let us look back at the previous lesson. This will
test if you remember what you learned about the lesson you have finished.

2
Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 7
Activity 1: Am I True, Am I False

Read each statement carefully. Write TRUE if the statement states a fact and
FALSE if not. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Electricity is the flow of electron or electric current.
2. Electricity cannot be seen itself, but some of its effects are visual, such as light.
3. The motion of free electrons is the basis for the flow of electrical current.
4. The amount of current flowing in a circuit is measured in volts.
5. Conductors of electricity are substances which permits the free flowing of electric
current.

Check your answers from the key to correction.

Did you get them all correct? Great job!

Notes to the Teacher

This module will help guide the students in becoming familiar with Personal Protective
Equipment and its importance in ensuring safety while working with computers.

What’s New

Activity 2: Unscramble Us

Unscramble the set of letters below to form words related to the lesson.

3
Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 7
RENTRUC REDICT LANTERNATIG
DARTSNAD POREW

Check your answer using the key to corrections.

Were you able to decode all of them? Well done! Let us now proceed to our
discussion.

What is It

(Electric) Current

It is a movement of positive or negative electric

particles accompanied by such observable effects as
the production of heat, of a magnetic field, or of
http://www.justscience.in/articles/electric
chemical transformations.
-current/2017/05/13

There are two types of electric current: Direct Current (DC) and Alternating Current
(AC).

1. Direct Current

Direct current, abbreviated as DC, means that the flow of electric charge that does
not change direction. Batteries, fuel cells, rectifiers, generators with commutators,
static and lightning produce direct current.
In direct current, the flow of electric charge is follows
only one direction. A voltage is produced, and maybe
reserved, until it is used up. In the circuit, there is a
specific and constant voltage where the current flows.
This is oversimplified somewhat but is suitable for our
needs. You are using direct current when you use a
flashlight, a pocket radio, a portable CD player or any
other type of battery-operated or portable device.
https://gamesmartz.com/definitions? definition=6378&direct-
current

4
Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 7
There is relatively low voltage for most DC circuits. A car's battery, for example, is
approximately 12V, and that's about as high a DC voltage as most people ever use.

Direct currents are constant in time and flow in only one direction. Their
appearance does not vary, just like that of a straight line. Power sources such as
batteries, power supplies and DC generators produce direct currents. Photovoltaic
devices such as solar cells can also generate DC power.

http://www.elmatek.se/index.php/en https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/04
https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/
/products/generators/dc
-generators /amp-solar-cells-scientists-ditch-silicon
poison/batteries/

2. Alternating Current

Alternating current or AC is an electric

current that periodically reverses its
direction. It is in contrast with the direct
current (DC) which cannot change
sporadically.

http://powerphilippines.com/soleco
-first-
picohydro-powerplant-ph/

This type of electricity is generated by AC generators generally from a hydroelectric

plant. It is the commercial power delivered through power transmission lines. It is
utilized for electrical appliances and equipment in homes and offices. AC currents
can be reduced to suit its application through the use of power transformer. It can
also be converted to DC for specific purposes. In the Philippines, alternating
current is rated as 220V AC at 60 Hz.

5
Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 7
 https://circuitdigest.com/tutorial/ac-circuit-theory

Alternating currents change direction occasionally, flowing first on one way and
then to the other. They are sinusoidal (having the form of a sine curve) waves,
which allows them to change in time. They are generated from sources such as
power supplies and AC generators. In North America, the AC is 120 volts and 60
hertz or cycles per second. This implies that the current changes direction 60 times
per second. In Europe, it is normally 50 hertz with 220 to 240 volts.

Why does standard electricity come only in the

form of alternating current?

There is a variety of reasons why standard electricity

is in AC form. One of the most important of these
reasons is that it is relatively easy to change
voltages of alternating currents from one level to
another using
https://safetymanagementgroup.com/respect-
a transformer. Transformers normally do not work for direct
the-power-of-power-lines/
current. This ability permits electric companies
to generate and distribute electricity in a more efficient manner. By transmission at
high voltage for long lengths, energy loss is reduced due to the resistance in the
transmission wires. Another reason is that alternating current electricity may be
easier to generate mechanically than direct current.

Personal Computers use only direct current.

This means that the AC provided by the
utility must be converted first to DC before
being use. This is the primary purpose of the
computer’s power supply.

https://my.rs-online.com/web/p/pc-
power-supplies/1366054/

6
Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 7
 What’s More
To check what you have learned from the discussion, answer the following activity.
Activity 3: Am I True, Am I False
Read each statement carefully. Write TRUE if the statement states a fact and
FALSE if not. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. There are two types of electric current: Direct Current and Alternating Current.
2. In direct current, the flow of electric charge is follows different directions.
3. DC is present in battery – operated devices.
4. Photovoltaic devices such as solar cells can also generate DC power.
5. Alternating current or AC is an electric current that periodically reverses its
direction.
6. AC is generated through hydroelectric power plants.
7. DC is the form of electricity commercially generated for homes and offices.
8. In the Philippines, alternating current is rated as 220V AC at 50 Hz.
9. Transformers normally do not work for direct current.
10. Personal computers use only direct current.

What I Have Learned

Let us have a summary of what you have learned today.

Activity 4: I FILL You

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words/phrase. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. The topic of this lesson is all about ______________________________________.

2. I have learned through this lesson that ___________________________________.
3. The terms / ideas I found hard to understand are ___________________________.
4. I enjoyed learning the terms / ideas about ________________________________.
5. I am having difficulty with ____________________________________________.

7
Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 7
 What I Can Do

Activity 4: Illustrate Me

Read through other sources such as books or the internet. Look for illustrations on
the comparison of Direct Current and Alternating Current. Draw them on a
separate sheet of paper.

Assessment

Read each item carefully. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word/phrase.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. __________ is a movement of positive or negative electric particles.
2- 3. The two types of electric current are __________ and __________.
4. __________ means that the flow of electric charge that does not change
direction.
5. In direct current, the flow of electric charge is follows _______________________.
6. Alternating current or AC is an electric current that periodically __________ its
direction.
7. AC electricity is produced by generators from a ____________.
8. Alternating currents are __________ waves, which allows them to change in
time.
9. It is relatively easy to change voltages of AC using a ______________.
10. The primary purpose of the computer’s power supply is to ___________________.

Additional Activities

For additional information about our lesson for today, you may go to the following
links:
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/alternating-current-ac-vs-direct-current-dc/all
https://www.diffen.com/difference/Alternating_Current_vs_Direct_Current
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/20-5-alternating-current-versus-

8
Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 7
Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 7
9
12 Basic Education Program Learning Materials for Grade 9, 2013, First Edition
Information and Communications Technology: Computer Hardware Servicing, K to
References
What I Know: What’s In: What’s More: Assessment:
1 . electric 1 . TRUE 1 . TRUE
6 . TRUE
1 . electric
current current
2 . TRUE 2 . FALSE
7 . FALSE
2 . two 3 2- . direct
3 . TRUE 3 . TRUE
8 . FALSE
current /
3 .alternating
4 . FALSE 4 . TRUE
9 . TRUE alternating
current
current
5 . TRUE 5 . TRUE
10 . TRUE
4 . direct current
4 . direct
5 . one current
6 . alternating What’s New: 5 . only one
current CURRENT direction
7 . hydroelectric DIRECT What I Can Do: 6 . reverses
power plant
ALTERNATING Draw your illustrations of 7 .
8 . change AC DC comparison. hydroelectric
STANDARD power plant
9 . transformer
POWER 8 . sinusoidal
10 . power
supply 9.
transformer
10 . convert
AC to DC
Answer Key
direct-current/
http://www.oshc.dole.gov.ph/images/Files/OSH%20Standards%202017.pdf

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5gxAICpKps

10
Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 7
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph