Aquaculture Status

Generalities of aquaculture (part 2)

Production Systems
 In Colombia there are
mainly four fish farming
system: ponds on land,
ponds in cement, cages in
bodies of water and
Foto: Mónica Avilés geomembranes
Extensive

Big land ponds

Low densities
High fertilization
Little food
Minimum replacement
Gravity, 2%
Family labor
Lagunas, Jaguey
Semi-intensive

Pond on land
Densities (2 – 10 F/m2)
Fertilization
Balanced food
Replacement (5% - 15%)
Family labor and journals
Estanques
Historia en Colombia:

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Fotos Hellen Sánchez
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Intensive
Cement pond or cages
Densities (>10 f/m2)
No fertilization
Balanced food (100%)
Replacement (>200%)
Artificial aeration
Paid workforce
Jaulas
Jaulones
Super-Intensive
Cement pond or geomembranes
Balanced food (100%)
No fertilization
Artificial aeration
No water refills
Densities (>50f/m2)
Paid workforce
bacterial floc
Superintensivo
Geomembranas / Biofloc
3 Mar 2016 - 5:01am
CESASIN

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 24
Fotos Hellen Sánchez
BIOFLOC

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www.aquahoy.com
www.soyaqua.org
Commercial demonstration of in-pond raceways
Foto: Hellen Sánchez Hellen Sánchez - PANACA 2014 29
Cultivated Species
Tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp)
Tilapia nilótica (O. niloticus)
 Tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp)

Foto: Fabián Giraldo

Tilapia nilótica (O. niloticus)

Tilapia en cifras
 Characterization of the stages of cultivation
of the tilapia in the pond

Stage Fry Fish lift Fattening

Initial average weight (g) - final 1 o 3 – 15 o 20 20 - 150 150 - 460
Load k/m3 0,06 – 0,9 0,24 -1,8 0,75 – 2,0
% Protein in the food 45 - 40 30 24
Daily Food (% Biomass) 8-4 4 – 3,5 3-2
# feeds / day 4-6 4 3-2
 Other important data

Parameter Value Tolima - Huila Value Meta

Final Average Weight (g) 420 460
Cultivation days 236 243
Mortality 32 % 17%
Food Conversion Factor 1,67 1,3
Daily Weight Gain (g/d) 1,78 1,89
 Cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus)
Cachama negra (Colossoma macropomum)
Colossoma macropomum Piaractus brachypomus
Cachama Negra Cachama Blanca

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 Characterization of the stages of cultivation
of the cachama in the pond

Stage Fish lift Fattening

Initial average weight (g) - final 2-60 60 - 600
Load k/m3 0,1 – 0,6 0,9 – 2,0
% Protein in the food 45 – 38 32 - 24
Daily Food (% Biomass) 8 inicio / 3,6 final 3,6 inicio / 2 a1,5 final
# feeds / day 3-4 2
 Other important data

Parameter Value Antioquia Value Meta

Final Average Weight (g) 600 400
Cultivation days 321 169
Mortality 22% 20%
Food Conversion Factor 1,43 1,49
Daily Weight Gain (g/d) 1,87 2,37
Trucha arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Trucha en cifras
 Characterization of the stages of cultivation
of the trucha in the pond

Stage Fry Fish lift Fattening

Initial average weight (g) - final 0,3 - 25 25 - 80 80 - 500
Load k/m3 15 - 20 20 - 25 25
% Protein in the food 50 – 44 44 40 (CP-SP)
Daily Food (% Biomass) 6 4 -2 2 -1
# feeds / day 12 4 4
 Other important data

Parameter Value
Final Average Weight (g) 450 - 500
Cultivation days 270
Mortality 5%
Food Conversion Factor 1,37
Daily Weight Gain (g/d) 1,60
Some native species
Blanquillo (Sorubim cuspicaudus) Bocachicos

Prochilodus mariae Prochilodus nigricans

Prochilodus reticulatus

Dorada (Brycon moreii - B. m. sinuensis) Bagre rayado (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum )

 Bagre rayado
Especies de la Mapuro Callophysus macropterus
Pseudoplatystoma orinocoense
Orinoquia / P. metaense

Yaque Leiarius marmoratus

Nicuro Pimelodus blochii

Valentón Brachyplatystoma filamentosum

Cájaro / Phractocephalus hemiliopterus

Slide: Enrique Torres Amarillo Zungaro zungaro

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Yamú (Brycon amazonicus) Capaz (Pimelodus grosskopfii)

Pirarucú (Arapaima gigas)

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Use of reservoirs for aquaculture
 Tota Lake - Boyacá

Colombia's largest body of natural water

Surface 60 Km2 Maximum depth 61 m

3,115 m.a.s.l.
 Laguna de la Cocha – Nariño

Guamuéz Lake

Surface 40 Km2 Maximum depth 74 m

2,680 m.a.s.l.

Encano River - drains down the Guamuéz River

to the Putumayo River.

In the year 2000, by decree 698 of April 18, Colombia registered the lagoon of La
Cocha or Lake Guamuéz as a wetland of national and international importance within
the Ramsar Agreement being the first with this qualification in the Colombian Andean
region.
 Betania Dam

Largest fish producer in the country

Surface 74 Km2 Maximum depth 76 m

600 m.a.s.l.

Yaguará and Magdalena

 Betania dam
Betania dam

Quimbo dam
 Quimbo Dam

3rd largest power generation project after Hidrosogamoso

and Hidroituango

Surface 85,8 Km2

500 m.a.s.l.

located 1,300 m upstream from the confluence of the Paez

River with the Magdalena River.
La energía como motor de progreso
 Quimbo dam
Betania dam

Quimbo dam

Agrado / Altamira / Garzón / Paicol / Tesalia

La energía como motor de progreso
La energía como motor de progreso
La energía como motor de progreso
 Prado Dam

Tourist Importance

Surface 42 Km2
Maximum depth 90 m

321m.a.s.l.

Cunday River and Negro River

Mero (Epinephelus itajara)
 Reproducción de Mero en Colombia

El Mero Guasa Pez en Vía de Extinción -

TvAgro por Juan Gonzalo Angel

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Noticias Mero
Cobia (Rachycentron canadum)
 COBIA

Rachycentron canadum
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Cobia Tips

It reaches between 5 and 6 kg in a

year. FCF 1.5

Distribution

Growing in cages far from the

coast: Offshore.
Adults reach sizes up to 2 m and
weigh up to 60 kg
Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
 Ceniacua - Investigando el
Acuicultivo de Camarón

Litopenaeus
vannamei Febrero de
1995
82
 Shrimp Tips

In Colombia there are 1,500

hectares of shrimp farming
active and the goal is to have
at least 15,000 hectares.
Recovery more than 5,000
hectares of shrimp with
advanced infrastructure in the
Caribbean and another 4,000
in the Colombian Pacific

There are currently reports of

growth of up to 7 grs / week
in Thailand and crops on farms
of up to 60-70 MT / cycle 120
days in Guatemala

Recuperación del sector

https://www.agronegocios.co
Ornmentals
 Exportación de peces
ornamentales caso: Best Export
Amazon Fish

https://www.dinero.com/
 Otocinclus afinis Exportaciones 2011: 15’000.000 de ejemplares
Hyphessobrycon sweglesi

Osteoglossum bicirrhosum

Apistogramma cacatuoides Pterophillum altum

Paracheirodon axelrodi

Osteoglossum ferreirai

In INCODER Resolution 3532 of 2007:

especies
Rules for the exercise, administration
ícticas
and control of ornamental commercial
ornamentales
fishing activity ...
 Corydoras trilineatus
Pimelodus pictus

Corydoras reticulatus

Hypostomus plecostemoides

Semaprochilodus laticeps Corydoras punctatus

Hyphessobrycon sweglesi
Nannostomus unifasciatus
Gymnocorymbus bondi Hemigrammus rhodostomus
Astronotus ocellatus
Paracheirodon axelrodi

Potamotrygon magdalenae
Main impacts of aquaculture
on the environment
Impact on the Environment according Kestemont (1995)

• Modification of water flow and

temperature
• Increase in the concentration of
nitrogen, phosphorus, suspended solids,
chemical and biochemical oxygen
demand
• Production of sediments rich in organic
matter
• Excessive flowering of algae in
eutrophized waters
• Pollution and genetic erosion
• Decreased concentration of
dissolved oxygen
• Pollution with chemicals and
antibiotics
• Modification of the biotic index
(invertebrate communities) and
modification of the biotic
integrity index (fish population)
• Increased risk of disease
spread

Según Kestemont (1995))

 Social impact
• Profitable and Sustainable
Lawful Activity
• Generate employment
• Medio environmental
impact
• Propends for food security
• It has a broad future
against the depletion of
catches in the natural
environment

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 Gracias

Hellen J. Sánchez Navarro

316 468 19 00
hellen.sanchezn@campusucc.edu.co