CH 60 - MICROBIOLOGY

FUNGI
SIGNS AND PREVENTION TREATMENT/
DISEASE/S CAUSES SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSTIC NURSING (Immunization: route, MANAGEMENT
(ENUMERATE METHOD INTERVENTION/S dosage, schedule) (DOH protocol)
ALL)
a) Try to avoid
ASPERGILLOSIS Aspergillus  Wheezing  Imaging tests areas with a  Protect yourself from  Itraconazole- a
 Shortness *chest x- the environment prescription
of breath ray lot of dust like antifungal
 Cough * CT scan construction medication
 Fever (in or excavation
rare cases) sites.  Antifungal medication
 Stuffiness b) To reduce the
 Runny nose  Corticosteroid
chances of s may also be
 Headache
 Reduced developing a helpful.
ability to skin infection,  Testing for early
infection
smell clean skin
 Coughing injuries well
up blood
with soap and
water,
especially if
they have
been exposed
to soil or dust

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

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c) Wear shoes,
long pants,
and a long-
sleeved shirt
when doing
outdoor
activities such
as gardening,
yard work, or
visiting
wooded areas.
d) Wear gloves
when
handling
materials such
as soil, moss,
or manure.

RINGWORM fungus  Itchy skin  Physical a) To avoid  Keep your skin clean Tinea
 Ring- examination spreading the and dry. pedis: Athlete’s foot
shaped rash  Microscopy infection,  Wear shoes that allow can usually be
 Red, scaly,  Potassium people with air to circulate freely treated with over-
cracked hydroxide ringworm around your feet. the-counter topical
 skinHair (KOH) stain a shouldn’t share  Don’t walk barefoot in antifungal products;
loss commonly- clothing, areas like locker rooms terbinafine appears
used method towels, combs, or public showers. to be most effective,
for diagnosing or other  Clip your fingernails but other agents can
tinea because personal items and toenails short and also be used
it is with other keep them clean.

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

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inexpensive, people.  Change your socks Tinea

easy to and underwear at least capitis: Treatment
perform, and b) It’s a good idea once a day. with systemic
has high not to walk antifungal
sensitivity. barefoot in medication is
these places. required, as topical
antifungal products
are ineffective for
c) Do not touch treatment of tinea
any animals capitis.
who has a
ringworm, Tinea
many animals corporis/cruris: Tin
may spread ea corporis and
ringworm such tinea cruris can
as dogs, cats, usually be treated
puppies and with over-the-
kittens counter antifungal
products.
 creamy white  examining a) Use nursing  Practice good oral  Medical treatments
ORAL Candida bumps on your mouth pads to hygiene by brushing a. Fluconazole
CANDIDIASIS
albicans (C. the tongue, and tongue for prevent the your teeth. (Diflucan)
albicans) inner the fungus from Also floss daily. This is b. Clotrimazole
cheeks, gums, characteristic spreading to especially important if (Mycelex
or tonsils white bumps clothes. you have diabetes or Troche)
 slight bleeding   biopsy b) Properly clean wear dentures. c. Nystatin
when the  throat swab your dentures.  Rinse out your mouth (Nystop,
bumps are culture c) Don’t use after using a Nyata)
scraped  endoscopy mouthwashes corticosteroid inhaler. d. Itraconazole
 pain at the or mouth  Add yogurt to your diet (Sporanox)
site of the sprays aside whenever you take e. Amphoterici

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

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bumps from prescribed antibiotics. nB

 angular prescribed  Promptly treat a (AmBisome,
cheilitis, or ones vaginal yeast infection, Fungizone)
dry, cracked especially if you’re  Home remedies
skin at the pregnant. * Brush your
corners of the teeth with a soft
mouth toothbrush to avoid
 difficulty scraping the
swallowing lesions. Replace the
 a bad taste in toothbrush at the
the mouth end of treatment.
In infant:
 difficulty
feeding
 fussiness
 irritability
Breastfeeding and
your breasts
contract the
fungus:
 intense
itching, sensitivi
ty, or pain in
the nipples
 flaking or shiny
skin on the area
surrounding the
nipple
 severe pain

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

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during
breastfeeding
 sharp,
piercing pain in
the breast

 itchy  visual a) Be patient and  Tell your children  Systemic

patches on exam continue about the risks of antifungal
TINEA CAPITIS dermatophytes the scalp medication
► Your doctor taking all sharing
 brittle hair may use a medication as hairbrushes and
 Medicated
special light directed. other personal shampoo
 painful scalp called a Wood’s items.
b) Your doctor
 swollen
lamp to may want to  Regular
illuminate your check you or shampooing, hand
lymph scalp and washing, and other
your child in 4
nodes determine signs normal hygiene
to 6 weeks to
of infection routines can help
 low-grade make sure the
 skin or prevent the spread
fever hair sampl infection is of infection.
e  clearing up.  Be sure to teach
c) Your child can your children
usually return proper hygiene,
to school once and follow these
they start practices yourself.
treatment for  Avoid petting any
ringworm, but animals that have
you should ask patches of skin
your doctor showing through
their fur.

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

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when it’s safe  Maintain regular

for them to checkups for all
return. pets and ask your
veterinarian to
check for
ringworm.

 itching,  skin test a) If OTC  Wash your feet with soap  Over-the-
stinging, and  skin lesion medications and water every day and counter
ATHLETE’S FOOT tinea fungus burning don’t treat dry them thoroughly, (OTC) topical
 potassium
between your your
especially between the antifungal
toes or on hydroxide toes. products
soles of your exam infection,  Wash socks, bedding and a. Terbinafine
feet your doctor towels in water that’s b. miconazole
 blisters on may 140°F (60°C) or higher. (Desenex)
your feet that prescribe Combining washing socks c. terbinafine
topical or oral and application of OTC (Lamisil AT)
itch
antifungal d. clotrimazole
 cracking and prescription- recommendations should
peeling skin strength (Lotrimin
treat most cases of AF)
on your feet, antifungal athlete’s foot. You can
most e. butenafine
medications. disinfect your shoes by
(Lotrimin
commonly using disinfectant wipes
between your Ultra)
(like Clorox wipes) or
toes and on f. tolnaftate
sprays.
your soles (Tinactin)
 Put antifungal powder on
 dry skin on your feet every day.
 Home care
your soles or  Don’t share socks, shoes,
* soak your
sides of your or towels with others. feet in salt water
feet  Wear sandals in public or diluted 
 raw skin on showers, around public vinegar to help
your feet swimming pools, and in dry up blisters
 Alternative
 discolored, other public places.

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

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thick, and  Wear socks made out of therapy

crumbly breathable fibers, such as *Tea tree
toenails cotton or wool, or made oil
 toenails that out of synthetic fibers
pull away that wick moisture away
from the nail from your skin.
bed  Change your socks when
your feet get sweaty.
 Air out your feet when
you are at home by going
barefoot.
 Wear shoes made of
breathable materials.
 Alternate between two
pairs of shoes, wearing
each pair every other day,
to give your shoes time to
dry out between uses.
Moisture will allow the
fungus to continue to
grow.

Candida    home
CUTANEOUS 
Rash
ringworm
physical
examination a) Natural topical remedies
CANDIDIASIS  hives  skin culture remedies that
 Over-the-
may be used to
 herpes counter antif
treat a mild
 diabetes- ungal
cutaneous Candi
related creams
da infection
skin include apple a. clotrimazole
conditions cider vinegar, (Mycelex)
 contact b. miconazole
coconut oil,
dermatitis (Monistat)
garlic, and tea
a. tioconazole

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

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 seborrheic tree oil. (Vagistat)

 antifungal
dermatitis
 eczema
b) Good idea to cream
test them out on
 psoriasis a. nystatin
a small area first
or ketoc
to check for an
onazole
allergic reaction
or sensitivity.  oral
antifungal
c) The Candida clea * If the
nse is a special infection has
diet that severely already
restricts sugar, spread to
refined flour, areas inside
grains, dairy your body,
products, alcohol, such as your
throat or
and processed
mouth
foods. It allows
mainly vegetables
and herbs.

SIGNS AND PREVENTION TREATMENT/

DISEASE/S CAUSES SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSTIC METHOD NURSING (Immunization: MANAGEMENT
(ENUMERATE ALL) INTERVENTION/S route, dosage, (DOH protocol)
schedule)

BOTULISM Clostridium  constipation A doctor will complete  Botulism isn't  Preserved food Botulism can be
botulinum  poor feeding a physical exam, noting contagious, so should be treated with an
any signs or symptoms of don't isolate the heated to a antitoxin, which

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

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 bad temper botulism poisoning. patient temperature blocks the action of

 excessive They’ll ask about foods  Using standard above 100°C the toxin circulating
drooling when eaten within the past precautions, collect (212°F) for at in the blood
feeding several days as possible specimens for least 10
 sagging eyelids sources of the toxin, and diagnostic testing minutes during
 flat facial if anyone else ate the  Prepare the patient the canning
expression same food. They’ll also for a skin test to process.
 lethargy and ask about any wounds. check his sensitivity  Cook food at
listlessness to equine antitoxin 79.9°C (176°F)
 respiratory In infants, a doctor will  If indicated and if for at least 30
difficulties also check for physical the patient isn't minutes. This
symptoms, and will ask allergic, administer usually
 slow or
about any foods that the botulinum antitoxin destroys toxins.
improper
infant ate, such as honey to an adult as  Do not eat or
reflexes
or corn syrup. ordered and store cooked
 weak crying
weakly provide supportive foods that have
Your doctor may also care been at room
 floppiness and take blood or stool  Infants should temperature for
poor muscle samples to analyze for receive supportive 4 hours or
tone the presence of toxins care, but antitoxin more.
 no gag reflex
isn't indicated  Do not eat foil-
 unfocused eyes
 For wound wrapped baked
 weak sucking potatoes that
botulism, the health
 difficulty have been left
care provider will
swallowing or s at room
also explore and
peaking temperature,
debride the wound
 facial weakness and order an and do not
on both sides of antibiotic store chopped
the face garlic or onions
 blurred vision in oil at room
 drooping temperature.
eyelids  If eating home-
 trouble canned food,

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

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breathing boil it first with

 nausea, vomitin frequent stirring
g, for 10 minutes.
and abdominal
cramps (only in
foodborne
botulism)
 paralysis

CHOLERA Vibrio cholerae  Rapid heart rate Rapid cholera dipstick  monitor intake and  Good Replace lost body
 Loss tests are now available, output. sanitation, fluid by giving Oral
of skin elasticity enabling health care  Note number since cholera is Rehydration
(the ability to providers in remote areas character, and most commonly Solution
return to original to confirm diagnosis of amount of stools. transmitted (ORESOL) or a
position quickly cholera earlier  Estimate insensible through homemade solution
if pinched) fluid losses like drinking water composed of 1
 Dry mucous diaphoresis. that is teaspoon of salt, 4
membranes, Measure urine contaminated teaspoons of sugar
including the specific gravity and with infected mix to 1liter of
inside of observe for oliguria. faeces water. If diarrhea
the mouth,  Assess vital signs.  Education of persists, consult
throat, nose, Blood pressure, mass your health workers
and eyelids pulse and populations or bring the patient
 Low blood temperature regarding good to the nearest
pressure  observe for hygiene and hospital.
 Thirst excessively dry skin safety
 Muscle cramps and mucous practices. Such
membranes, education can
decrease skin help contain
turgor, slowed the bacteria
capillary refill and prevent it
 weigh daily from spreading

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

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 maintain oral
restrictions, bedrest
and avoid exertion

DIPHTHERI Corynebacterium  A thick, gray They can use a swab  place patient in Both Erythromycin An antitoxin. If
A diphtheriae membrane from the back of the upright position and Penicillin are doctors suspect
covering your throat and test it for the during and after usually effective in diphtheria, the
throat and bacteria that cause feeding eradicating the infected child or
tonsils diphtheria. A doctor can  assist patient with disease but they do adult receives an
 A sore throat also take a sample from a head control, not affect the acute antitoxin. The
and hoarseness skin lesion (like a sore) support, and phase of the disease. antitoxin, injected
 Swollen glands and try and grow the position based on Treatment should be into a vein or
(enlarged lymph bacteria. If the bacteria specific dysfunction continued for 10 days muscle, neutralizes
nodes) in your grow, the doctor can be  provide pleasant the diphtheria toxin
neck sure a patient has environment fee of Immunization of already circulating
 Difficulty diphtheria. destructions infants with 3 doses of in the body
breathing or  coordinate DPT (at ages 6 weeks
rapid breathing multidisciplinary old, 10 weeks old and Antibiotics. Diphth
 Nasal discharge approach to 14 weeks old) eria is also treated
 Fever and chills develop treatment with antibiotics,
plan that meets such as penicillin
 Malaise
individual needs or erythromycin

GONORRHE Neisseria Men: Most of the time, urine  Administer  Treating genital Gonorrhea is
A gonorrhoeae  white, yellow, or can be used to test for ceftriaxone IM as gonorrhea treated with
green urethral gonorrhea. However, if ordered  cefixime antibiotics.
discharge, you have had oral and/or (Suprax), 400 Commonly used
resembling pus anal sex, swabs may be  Emphasize the milligram (mg) medications include
 inflammation or used to collect samples need for regular taken orally Rocephin
swelling of the from your throat and/or Pap smears and  ceftriaxone (injection) and
foreskin rectum. In some cases, a pelvic examinations (Rocephin), Cefixime (pills or
 pain in the swab may be used to because of the 125 mg liquid).  
testicles or collect a sample from a family history of injected into a

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

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scrotum man’s urethra (urine ovarian cancer muscle as a Since the

 painful or canal) or a woman’s single dose symptoms of
frequent cervix (opening to the  Discuss feelings  ciprofloxacin gonorrhea and
urination womb) and concerns about (Cipro), 500 mg chlamydia are
 anal discharge, the diagnosis of taken orally similar and both
itching, pain, gonorrhea  ofloxacin diseases can occur
bleeding, or (Floxin), 400 at the same time,
pain when  Stress that such a mg taken orally most people who
passing stools diagnosis does not as a single are treated for
 itching, difficulty reflect on one’s dose gonorrhea are also
swallowing, or self-worth as a  spectinomycin treated for
swollen neck person (Trobicin), 2 chlamydia.
lymph nodes grams injected
 eye pain, light  Teach how to talk into a muscle in It is recommended
sensitivity, or with a future sexual a single dose that individuals be
eye discharge partner about re-screened three
resembling pus condom use months after
 red, swollen, receiving treatment
warm, painful
joints
Women:
 painful sexual
intercourse
 fever
 yellow or green
vaginal
discharge
 vulvar swelling
 bleeding in-
between
periods
 heavier periods
 bleeding after

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

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intercourse
 vomiting and
abdominal or
pelvic pain
 painful or
frequent
urination
 sore throat,
itching, difficulty
swallowing, or
swollen neck
lymph nodes
 eye pain, light
sensitivity, and
eye discharge
resembling pus
 red, swollen,
warm, painful
joints
 Anal gonorrhea
signs include:
 itching,
bleeding, or
pain with
passing bowel
movements
 anal discharge
A lepromin skin test is Establish therapeutic * young children Multi-Drug Therapy
LEPROSY Mycobacterium the appearance of skin performed by injecting a nurse-client relationship should avoid direct (MDT)
leprae lesions that are lighter small sample of contact with untreated * Go to the nearest
than normal skin and inactivated M. Provide accurate patients health center for
remain for weeks or leprae under your skin. information about leprosy * practice personal immediate
months The term “inactivated” to the client hygiene treatment

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

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patches of skin with means that the bacterium * maintain body

decreased sensation, isn’t able to cause Educate the client about resistance by healthful
such as touch, pain, infection. The bacterium the importance of taking living
and heat is usually injected into the the prescribed    o good nutrition
muscle weakness forearm. A small lump will medications    o enough rest and
numbness in the form at the injection site, exercises
hands, feet, legs, and indicating that the correct Encourage the client to    o clean environment
arms, known as "glove amount of bacterium has avoid sneezing or
and stocking been injected at the coughing in front of people
anesthesia" correct depth in the skin or in the public
eye problems for the test to be
enlarged nerves, effective. Provide positive
especially in the reinforcement when client
elbows or knees loses hope
stuffy nose and
nosebleeds
curling of the fingers
and thumb, caused by
paralysis of small
muscles in the hand
ulcers on the soles of
the feet

MENINGITIS  Viral  Sudden high  Blood cultures  Place patient in  Wash your Acute bacterial
infections fever droplet isolation hands meningitis must be
 bacterial  Stiff neck  Imaging  Administer  Practice good treated immediately
infections  Severe analgesics and/or hygiene with intravenous
 fungal headache that anti-inflammatories  Stay healthy antibiotics and
infections seems different  Spinal tap (lumbar  Administer  Cover your sometimes
than normal puncture) antimicrobials mouth corticosteroids
 Headache with  Assess LOC and  If you're
nausea or neuro status q2-4 pregnant, take Treatment of mild
vomiting hours care with food cases of viral

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

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 Confusion or  Monitor ICP and meningitis usually

difficulty CPP if available Immunizations includes:
concentrating  Initiate seizure
 Seizures precautions  Haemophilus  Bed rest
 Sleepiness or  Educate patient influenzae type  Plenty of
difficulty waking and family on b (Hib) vaccine fluids
 Sensitivity to infection control  Pneumococcal  Over-the-
light measures and s/s conjugate counter pain
 No appetite or to report to provider vaccine medications
thirst (PCV13) to help
 Skin rash  Pneumococcal reduce fever
(sometimes, polysaccharide and relieve
such as in vaccine body aches
meningococcal (PPSV23)
meningitis)  Meningococcal
 Newborns and conjugate
infants may vaccine
show these
signs:
 High fever
 Constant crying
 Excessive
sleepiness or
irritability
 Inactivity or
sluggishness
 Poor feeding
 A bulge in the
soft spot on top
of a baby's
head (fontanel)
 Stiffness in a

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

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baby's body
and neck

PNEUMONI Streptococcus  a fever as high  A blood test  Provide isolation  Pneumonia  Intravenous
A pneumoniae as 105°F  A sputum test and enteric vaccine antibiotics
(BACTERIA profuse  Pulse oximetry precaution  Prevnar 13  Respiratory
L) sweating  A urine test  Provide health  Pneumovax 23 therapy
 bluish lips and  A CT scan education  Oxygen
nails  A fluid sample  Proper collection of  If you smoke, therapy
 confusion  A bronchoscopy stool specimen try to quit.
 Skin care Smoking
 Mouth care makes you
 Provide optimum more
comfort susceptible to
 Diet respiratory
infections,
especially
pneumonia
 Wash your
hands regularly
with soap and
water
 Cover your
coughs and
sneezes, and
dispose of used
tissues
promptly
 Maintain a
healthy lifestyle
to strengthen
your immune

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

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system. Get
enough rest,
eat a healthy
diet, and
get regular
exercise

TYPHOID Salmonella enterica  Fever that For the culture, a small  Increase fluid Two vaccines are The only effective
FEVER serotype Typhi starts low and sample of your blood, intake, as available. treatment for
increases daily, stool, urine or bone appropriate typhoid is
possibly marrow is placed on a  Encourage patients One is injected in a antibiotics. The
reaching as special medium that to take their single dose at least most commonly
high as 104.9 F encourages the growth of medicines one week before used are
(40.5 C) bacteria.  Comfort your travel. ciprofloxacin (for
 Headache patient non-pregnant
 Weakness and The culture is checked  Monitor your One is given orally in adults) and
fatigue under a microscope for patient’s four capsules, with ceftriaxone.
 Muscle aches the presence of typhoid temperature one capsule to be Other than
 Sweating bacteria. taken every other day. antibiotics, it is
 Dry cough important to
A bone marrow culture Neither vaccine is 100 rehydrate by
 Loss of appetite
often is the most percent effective, and drinking adequate
and weight loss
sensitive test for both require repeat water
 Abdominal pain
Salmonella typhi. immunizations, as
 Diarrhea or vaccine effectiveness
constipation diminishes over time.
 Rash
 Extremely
swollen
abdomen

TUBERCUL Mycobacterium  feeling sick or To check for TB, a doctor  Assessed  Avoiding other TB antibiotics
OSIS (ALL tuberculosis  will use a stethoscope to Directly observed

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

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FORMS) weak listen to the lungs and respiratory rate people by not therapy (DOT)
 loss of appetite check for swelling in the  Noted chest going to school
and weight loss lymph nodes. They will movement; use of or work, or
 chills, fever, also ask about symptoms accessory muscles sleeping in the
and night and medical history as during respiration same room as
sweats well as assessing the  Auscultated breath someone, will
 a severe cough individual's risk of sounds; noted help to
that lasts for 3 exposure to TB. areas with minimize the
weeks or more presence of risk of germs
 chest pain The most adventitious sounds from reaching
 he bones: common diagnostic  Documented anyone else.
There may be test for TB is a skin test respiratory  Wearing a
spinal pain and where a small injection of secretions; mask, covering
joint PPD tuberculin, an character and the mouth, and
destruction. extract of the TB amount of sputum ventilating
 The brain: It bacterium, is made just  Maintained patient rooms can also
can lead below the inside forearm. on moderate high limit the spread
to meningitis. back rest of bacteria
Blood tests, chest X-rays,  Checked for
 The liver and
and sputum tests can all obstructions:
kidneys: It can
be used to test for the accumulation of
impair the
presence of TB bacteria secretions
waste filtration
and may be used  Take medications
functions and
alongside a skin test. as ordered by the
lead to blood in
the urine. physician
 The heart: It
can impair the
heart's ability to
pump blood,
resulting in
cardiac
tamponade, a
condition that

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

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can be fatal.

URINARY Escherichia coli (E.  strong and  urine sample  assess pain, noting  Drink lots of  Antibiotic
TRACT coli) frequent urge to  Diagnostic location, intensity water and  Antimicrobi
INFECTION urinate imaging. (scale of 0-10), urinate als
 cloudy, bloody,  Urodynamics duration frequently.
or strong-  Cystoscopy  encourage  Avoid fluids
smelling urine increased fluid such as alcohol
 pain or a intake and caffeine
burning  investigate report of that can irritate
sensation when bladder fullness the bladder.
urinating  provide comfort  Urinate shortly
 nausea and measure after sex.
vomiting  administer  Wipe from front
 muscle aches antibacterial as to back after
and abdominal prescribed urinating and
pains bowel
movement.
 Keep the
genital area
clean.
 Showers are
preferred to
baths and
avoid using
oils.
 Sanitary pads
or menstrual
cups are
preferred to
tampons. If you
want to buy

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

CH 60 - MICROBIOLOGY

menstrual
cups, then
there is an
excellent
selection
on Amazon wit
h thousands of
customer
reviews.
 Avoid using a
diaphragm or
spermicide for
birth control.
 Avoid using
any perfumed
products in the
genital area.
 Wear cotton
underwear and
loose-fitting
clothing to keep
the area
around the
urethra dry.
 Individuals are
advised to
contact a
doctor if they
develop the
symptoms of a
UTI, especially
if they have
developed the

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

 CH 60 - MICROBIOLOGY

symptoms of a
potential kidney
infection.

TETANUS Clostridium tetani  bloody stools The earlier a patient is  Assess patient The tetanus vaccine is Any patient with a
 diarrhea diagnosed with tetanus, signs of fatigue, routinely given to wound listed above
 fever the more effective the pain and difficulty of children as part of should receive
 headache treatment will be. breathing the diphtheria and tetanus
 sensitivity to  Assisted client in tetanus toxoids and immunoglobulin
touch A patient with muscle repositioning every acellular pertussis ( (TIG) as soon as
 sore throat spasms and stiffness who 2 hours or as DTaP) shot. possible, even if
has recently had a wound needed The DTaP vaccine they have been
 sweating
or cut is usually  Instruct consists of five shots, vaccinated
 rapid heartbeat
diagnosed quickly. patient/family usually given in the
regarding needs to arm or thigh of Doctors may
Diagnosis may take make home children when they prescribe penicillin 
longer with patients who environment safe are aged: or metronidazole
inject drugs because they  Provide safety 2 months for tetanus
often have other medical measures as 4 months treatment
conditions. They made indicated 6 months
need a blood test for 15 to 18 months
confirmation. 4 to 6 years

BACTERIA

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

 CH 60 - MICROBIOLOGY

PROTOZOA
SIGNS AND PREVENTION TREATMENT/
DISEASE/S CAUSES SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSTIC NURSING (Immunization: route, MANAGEMENT (DOH
(ENUMERATE METHOD INTERVENTION/S dosage, schedule) protocol)
ALL)

AMEBIC Plasmodium  Fever  Microscopic  The nurse will  Manage your risk of  Chloroquine
DYSENTERY malaria  headache examination  assess every malaria properly by  Quinine
 muscle pain  Examine four hours the planning your  Mefloquine

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

CH 60 - MICROBIOLOGY

 vomiting blood patient’s oral

 abdominal  Rapid temperature travelling and
pain diagnostic and report any checking the risk
 cough test (RDT) temperatures where you’re going
 organ greater than  Insect and mosquito
failure 100.4 to the repellents should be
 Convulsion doctor. used and should be
 collapse of  The nurse will applied before
the circulato administer sunscreen
ry ordered  Stay covered up,
system may antipyretics to make sure you’re
occur the patient for behind screen doors
a temperature or windows at night,
greater than and always use a
100.4 per md insecticide bed net
order.  Make sure you take
 The nurse will antimalarial tablets
encourage and and you take them
offer oral fluid properly, every day
intake every while you’re then and
two hours to as directed
the patient. afterwards
 The nurse will  Keep an eye out for
have the malaria symptoms,
patient rate his such as fever, and
energy level on always discuss any
a scale 1-10 symptoms you do get
with 10 being with your doctor
the highest in
energy within
72 hours of
hospitalization.

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

 CH 60 - MICROBIOLOGY

DIARRHEA Rotavirus, Salm  nausea  Fasting tests  The nurse  Serve food The treatment for
(PROTOZOA only) onella or Esche  abdominal  Imaging will assess the immediately after diarrhea usually
richia coli pain tests patient report preparing it. requires replacing lost
 cramping  a stool of diarrhea  Refrigerate leftovers fluids
 bloating culture every shift. promptly.
 dehydration  A  The nurse will  Always thaw frozen In more serious cases,
 a fever colonoscopy assess the food in a refrigerator you may get fluids
 A patients stool  Avoid tap water, ice through intravenous
 bloody
sigmoidosco consistency cubes, and fresh therapy
stools
 a frequent py daily according produce that has
to the Bristol probably been If a bacterial infection
urge to
stool chart. washed with tap is the cause of your
evacuate
 The nurse will water while you’re on diarrhea, your doctor
your bowels
keep track of vacation. may prescribe
 a large antibiotics
volume of how many  Drink bottled water
stools bowel only while on
movements the vacation.
 fatigue
patient has  Eat cooked food only
 dry mucous
daily. while on vacation
membranes
 The nurse will
 increased
encourage and
heart rate
provide the
 a headache patient with
 lightheaded clear liquids
ness every two
 increased hours while
thirst awake.
 decreased  The nurse will
urination educate the
 dry mouth patient on what
 decreased clear liquids to
urination consume and

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

 CH 60 - MICROBIOLOGY

 dry mouth avoid.

 a headache  The nurse will
 fatigue educate the
 a lack of patient on 4
tears when ways on how to
crying treat diarrhea
 dry skin when it
 sunken presents.
eyes  The nurse will
 sunken educate the
fontanel patient about
 sleepiness the contributing
factor that is
 irritability
causing her
diarrhea

GIARDIASIS

MALARIA (ALL
TYPES)

MENINGOENCEPHA
LITIS

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

 CH 60 - MICROBIOLOGY

TOXOPLASMOSIS

TRICHOMONIASIS

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

 CH 60 - MICROBIOLOGY

ALGAE
SIGNS AND PREVENTION TREATMENT/
DISEASE/S CAUSES SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSTIC NURSING (Immunization: route, MANAGEMENT (DOH
(ENUMERATE METHOD INTERVENTION/S dosage, schedule) protocol)
ALL)

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7

CH 60 - MICROBIOLOGY

PREPARED/SUBMITTED BY: ELIZA MAY M. BARRETTO CHW BATCH 7