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    © All Rights Reserved
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    26 views9 pages

    Antifreeze Kirk Othmer

    Uploaded by

    Didar Yazhanov

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 9
    ANTIFREEZES AND DEICING FLUIDS. Vols ANTIBLOCKING AGENTS. ANTIBODIES. ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS. ANTIDIARRHEALS. ANTIEMETICS. ANTIEPILEPTICS. ANTIFOAMING AGENTS. Sed: ANTIFREEZES AND DEICING FLUIDS Mord: slob, sch as methanol ethana, and 2-p Colligative Properties, Many hema when ao wate cae ering pin depen, ae own in Table I, and hs eda The mines popes thot chewds vay wily 3 fc fc ies The atta nae point depends oth onthe cea hey soe tices he ering pit of the Table 1 Freeze Point Depression of Atifeeze Chemical Compo TAS Ra akc Connetoa wit Fase polar se * depression,“ Tan cae a ro) rs = ethanol Ho » 38 senegal 72-4 cao, 30 Brel Set Cito, » 2 rnethanl Se aio ” ~ Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (4th Bait 8s ANTIFREEZES AND DEICING FLUIDS. Vols props hed S584) Cato, ” a sevwatee 110 es 3 hs ede roars wal Ss 2 sero 57-50 cuth.0, ? 5 imo hgh conceatatons. Pg. Fee pint dpresion a anton af slate concen (2) Cam else (==), aoe), and wea (2===- become ‘nse hone mason concentaon ven. Eee peal (—) fom ance 65-47 ste concntaton Freeing pict be measin dh mn, Peopsene l=) sapere at higher oncentninns. ieesing pins cannot be mene Esl ~) adhe (Goma ao cae “The callin properties fate hemi my a ening pint elevatinn A the chemi ed to wate thing pi of ‘be mizmie incest the fee depron, the boing eleatn does texan a muse the ling pet emi comcenttion cue fh in ein beans apetions History of Antifreeze vay. Howse, tele a he vey ted opening tempest ring of Oo HAP: Te aie ceases hi ange by desing the ‘hg the wines de atte and operate highs pers sha high liceaces oagesal oain Endy eter solos were pedminay st nes anal, Gerad sng tans were wt limited xen Sal ies wee tea sang es tales Seng ad periph al tal tedster and sean cc Toy, Irie o tow con ee sli de some aie plans cig gern enolate heat uler pee (Ceawates and onda eg bt ar ot ed or cong of torte cain nd other intel combaion egies ike ries leche wen reac adsl td wields heey 190 Both ean aed etl fer exalnt het tensed ie fines pint depo. Hower the oe have the dtc ddr ate of thw boda pnts Dg the ser nets ‘te the nga epee r becaos of esportion Thee espa loses eal in cot ake op Thee of elene goo an ative wei inne in 1925 toh wot ft ze pin depressant = metal hen hel hae awey low vapor pase tht evapo Ise mck tna water apr ethan gol poe. This sup cont sth the fee po heat bd ie fen ase gy (EC) ae Sliniated the ambi concen cited with methanl bined pines Eon haved ance sling (50%) have no i pit Foramtometne engine ong ene clonal went promi pds hee 192s ey 1S 1927 the ist fonndted EC bred Gn ws ned by Union Cane (Ptr band steers conta etene pea wih tes open! cononon gins By 10, fen mht was ving ome ene yeas prods The Ansar een Table 2a defined bythe Chena Spey Nancie action (5) In 198 atte are ropes tesa 39% othe tl yee gh ceamunptinn ate United Stats (6) The pinay aes mates nde ASE Cop Fant rand Comp, OM Wadd Taig Co, Se Chen Cand Teaco Chanel Co. fn in ay hear picaions Foxe ton, in wie poovides spec pom lw cs a ta “Table 2. United States Consumption of Ethylene Glycol-Based Automotive Antec Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (4th Edition) 186 ANTIFREEZES AND DEICING FLUIDS. Vols " to comen fom ie to US. gly, dey 3.79 ye gl omtioes ob the atceze of heeft cating of nel combustion engaes EG antec ny conti ew pent Cater gels speedy etn an itnene als However the ne bsed ho th puopene- bused ol open hol) and propsene gs, a ot wld os the pean component of engine cola. alee gyn provides oth the mot eine fez point deren, rel the bot hest-enfer cancers Gre =). Propylene phea-hed anerr do hese ied wp cope (pceady Swedes Su), wer ba waht coocens oeride the pefontace nad evisnmneat ener of eee gs Engine Coolants Bess cee proton, afifieres pode many oer peelormance prope that ean th operon of e-reference the nea combntion gin yf cg tan ie athe pede prifoumane properties of an een het bcd antifeerewd the ltonsipte cgine raing Heat Transfer. The prima’ of the atime gd inter combution engine to ene het an tcl he engine: es sot emoved teenie wi be detoped. The contig tem eminem oat onthe bat generated By de eget one hed emoned thal pt ane bln the bet coed itech ees The amie nl ems es by psig thong heen wee itpcisop hen hen thang te The a ope roan yen. To prove ‘iit Sckg de ssn sve a igh pei bet no hewa oat ad vce open enprstas War sone pies "hem etic ea tne a tne bythe etna colBcent (41), The higher te herein the preteen tae ‘gue. The ITC daly at (Can he deity ofthe hid (9), roomate veo) The ation of ane to he coi sen es in aig ena nea ase lien by decreasing the FCtecrn of he ower pectic bet nd higher vicony othe men ye ston, Freeze Point Deprestion. Tle ight best sal poy acted when an ate ied tothe guns heat cane The collgative properties at ante ze dds dictate the ficeze pout depression of the antiezesokution. The feveze pot depression offered by 2 hemi ident on the concentaton of tht ascent san 8 the cance ofthe soe cessed the erg pit the ‘ie tle ces ine orth feng pi eto nate Fo elie ya slaoan the marin aig pit acre Byung 6 spt thi conentation kat abe etc concen. Aen conceteuos in acs of 6 have highs ieing pointe encestetionflerles eze poitdepenn, ar indcted in Pigeons iets thi 6st ope the minum ee tection, Howes, bcm water the thst tse and eat aera the nifiere conceteion cers tc Unclowerconcntaions bred oe wate radeon pent Fox anonote neon «SP wha nly wand de “202 feng Pit provides aunt ze poteesion inet ses ofthe cnoatl Uae Stes bette chances dot componente "hist the nce aud a the borden of the cooing ste nage ten combunton eines para nay compres engines, wee tendons nt savings be achieved by moan cong fie, comentrton colt chosen wages x fering pin 4° G-10) tla the lowest stool ube spent forthe ep, "When einige ded concentration and othe tespete for an antisera fcr sold take int consertion Fin the firering pst of nate deine th tempest nt whi the fst ie yt sore Elow hs pete the Bat ‘sem om the expan tat cer pon compe ierig Ia coats, we ies ail wh the topes poi of {FC G2", and urges a expansion of 9% (The nin wn ntnzs othe wats icy res the not of expo that the i de dh protecting the ptm fs bring For gy bs ing deme sof cd ‘ston nee Fg, 2 For empl 2% el slo expand 3 the eer slower 194° blowing ot 3st ‘pan 33 at 22°C bow ting pot (8) Aferthe ft ne ctl fomation tthe hi’ sing point, cotied dp in terpeste ‘compie by knw tl omnia e pod hk, yin, Fox higher hol concent completly sll ste nse ace ‘athe the i ecm ik and the Temperate tack the cn Dow, dil te pt pot, endows han he ning pt ite tein ge we th uti ct ch gang Aldous of the poorest tater of thee sly i, ten haat cold weather operation shal hoon adv 3 ecg, pot dow dhe cle expected winter pete Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (4th Edition) 187 ANTIFREEZES AND DEICING FLUIDS. Vols Gow eG 100 Fg 2 Expansion of water nts gl 5 ring 8) 10 gal = 87 L ‘sien off bythe engine sso increas Thine in engine opering pert ess engine ef by mak moet ease o owe the Howes ios ch heat eosin hag the in odes ae scl ‘ ove oe heat mos fen ee Sich wa ai ea ha shh a oni Ta tnt eg ope hyp be thea low apr eset gel hed cosas gical acs te eaponine loses nthe cota, whe compte ohh sper ese Na sch tba ot ‘Gorrorion Uaibiton. Ste nosatpopety of mieze las ite cetoson pots shy pond Mot ong soe ot a on ng il a: ed pes ma Fin ‘petting temperate and comin he pen, | ‘te oman wcll nina bins eye met conse The ls nd phen the pe forms te gery iter ce cota vag aout of coun ine cha code a ane inns antler selon contin intr to commit ee. Awl dene of east sme coco ions ot ballerng get ocomterth slow ean of the gh. thigh temperate pence omg al le dow etd on ‘lies ane he coy afte water ton, Boo tuaiaed ae cenit the wees in the sem Th contort of water nd heat-treated cn be del oes. Coton in ptm fit evidenced bythe proce of comsoa prods in ein herd fom of wll partie dhe ior at metalation wth he Bi The ons prscs inthe Mie the het rae characte of he id nda ode tr het trae cacy Heat wer suet eiced Irene theism mie ft bind cms pots ented by th id The higher fice en of tee gla es ie higher conceteatin of cori iors to cover aad pete the meal afc. ade conventions of oon iio ti he Pes aie nent Cnn i tnt ein oh feat Thee toi lect ae not proaouaced high elo points wth ten. Acer como pee in teapot ‘postion, whe he cond ntl Gein he il oly teenie then pte in ete tr Coal the it, "am ecingcoting licen. Ae thse vane fume of ono coun uate he amount of ll on produce i the pct, tnaeventoy buds othe pin whe he ane ay loge and ets Dw hg sea. th ack of coing i theca ‘ea fl of thee ators tn engine xr redone be sce he yl the Bi othe ten pein. Ding peti ofthe het rf pen ay cone addtional in hel tr thong asdettsthe ode dgindaton of the gol foun coxahe combat llc de te in val wach sentences coon, maton wah he conn tos nd hel or ios Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (4th Edition) 188 ANTIFREEZES AND DEICING FLUIDS. Vols rgraduion. Those cto: make important to operate the te axe and gone fn a pone The ie cl edt, prefomuted with cotxon inborn ntodced nthe United Stein 1927, Since tins sy ed ‘ated anes formations and brane ben sein atontvcoing tens Tey all ative oot inion designed omni: Corre tac ining hth np and inna comma, The mot oumnon conto ior fo ya-bred ened Bote, ilps ite nites, phones, ites sins, ace and srr 03 Sacra gle compen pss complete con proton ll tne al oan, atrze funtion sontin x cenkintinn of thesis Adel sce sok pcm design ‘es fos automobile and em eo ya the ster onion nt ve eng ade cat oe tes hanes ad ee ‘inte ncqte comtonon protection or ebnt tee The oie of cotsion intr fora linen sho dependent othe of ese of he eng. Engine oc ate cn be ‘peste neta The cos iio espe sy ng operat awe ie. Fo thse, onan ios ach ‘Sites te predominant wed Stes ae prt oe for como proterton af at ting mn uae ah ht found ‘Sominsn bend engine Sse ve ben mone wily wo tole mrs td ese wet to pe Bn enc hy af Shinn egies Te fog seats eet pete he ten wd ie om ie psa Sica the tne) bt have the deadratage Of ein the eat sae fey of the coun. Aly with ne, es wat ae oly withthe ‘By any is os basins the Dl pots, oon gl The ol severly aces heat eases day dog les ec ‘Sate pl oration mayen engin fre Many ateee manicures ow tclade ate ube to tard hs cin, nd commend {eget (nmol or ban ateee replacement. Nonethkr, for ligdhtyatometv ee, bss wok ftv ih coms Forte diy cal vie the ter hand, igh conceataions of ats ae sy not mmeded becae othe ep cto. ese ty deed sce pie more contin operatinn of the ego, nd therfore, hen fi fom compondie mt ied 6 tc ding long ie perc anomie bere of hers fits estar fey. Alo ssn tally ete ey egies cok ade (SC) Sanaa Colt ad fee pense hong thei of he coat Tahir epenshnent ase inpertan stony engine operat, whee te hag eke ad conto opeaton of the nga pot feng i epic bei of tie gh ead dow tan conti ox sang egos chm thew ned i tegatana sppicutos, wen mite concetaions of its te sed cane ofthe pi a fomaton ado hes tune ing the coin ‘kien he pe and aot of ior plese ree Foaming. not facotinminsinng ea onser ieny and goods sin ining honing the qui the sto them clin mera penomean called station eon cos Mesh at eteeat soe can psy nt un opin abe a cevion, iny econo wh cnt oe wach aon, The oun of thee oe fo ‘Keone ad equ cases tr party ofthe ye er. Alheaghshel-water sions ae not eset woe Fong, mci che condone nyc fo to ox in he sem. toi. Ac ote ete ted espson ay sensing tevin ie aso eso vl ins he iti. Oe ‘ue fommlaion coatinstouming agents, ach 9 sieones, polyno be Oe the ante aetos by being il inthe gad ‘sion sd ppen tsrpm ot lating Inthe tn devine well dig not cident noon phe Decua [Eflecton Elastomers, The anifoanes snd cososion iio din antlcze fosoubions te digo an oat facto tty mpcat nthe isa can sw and sof deo se hn bone ie nck lance eee genes eso sy ee nepacrctfhe usts nl ons ith ten Thi nen en wn fan wae ed ig he manner nto ache "emmy heat ler ey, then gol aed for winter operations The sake of he some at with heaton ote ea ‘ay toe een the sytem Table 3 shows the compat ovate enor with eee pea “Table, Compatiiliy of Etytene Gieot with Elastomere Materia Toe “Tok nae on cmon ae Noes we wre Tar “pane 1-10 wae a Bleck bor Prope pte food poor poor Bane ental bneee food pood Buns senate fie ove Bayt Raber iene epmene good EPDM tilear-poplon dene good good EPR Rater ‘near popten ibe food goad Bye D2t tude sen, tdene-acronie, sate emmion fie pata

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