SNC2D Name: ​solutions

Biology Unit Review

Write the word or phrase that corresponds to the description. Use the word bank below.

Golgi apparatus nucleus mitochondria transport vesicles

lysosomes cell membrane chloroplast cell wall
nucleolus endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes nuclear envelope
DNA (​d​eoxyribo​n​ucleic ​a​cid) centrioles cytoskeleton microfilaments
microtubules

1. A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus that is porous. This

structure protects the fragile DNA/chromosomes from chemicals that will
destroy them. Nuclear membrane

2. This structure is present in all cells and is therefore vital. Helps to protect
the cell from the outside environment. Selectively allows materials to cross
into and out of the cell. Cell membrane

3. Dark round area in the nucleus where ribosomes (tiny spherical

structures) are made. Nucleolus

4. Tiny spherical structures that are either found floating free in the
cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum. At this site proteins
(chains of amino acids) call are made. Ribosomes

5. This structure is present in plants and is ​not​ vital for all cells. Made of a
substance called cellulose, which gives a cell shape and strength. Cell wall

6. This is the site where proteins are altered and stored until needed at a
later time. Golgi apparatus

7. This structure contains a chemical that breaks down (digests) any

unwanted material in the cell. Lysosomes

8. This structure is present in plants only. This is site where sunlight is

converted into chemical energy (carbohydrates) in a process known as
photosynthesis.

sunlight + ​CO​​2​​ + ​H​2​O​

​ ​ → ​glucose​​ + ​O​2 Chloroplast

9. This is the chemical that your chromosomes are made of. Contains a
code that governs what a cell will be and how it will function. [Contains the
instructions to make protein.] DNA

10. This is the site where energy (ATP – adenosine triphosphate) is created
through a process called cellular respiration. Requires oxygen.

sugar​​ + ​O​2​​ → ​CO​​2​​ + ​H​2​O​

​ ​ + energy Mitochondria

11. Thick protein fibres that are what the centrioles are made of. Microtubules

12. This structure directly attached to the nucleus. It functions like a

conveyor belt that moves the proteins made by the ribosomes to different
areas in the cell. Has two textures, smooth and rough. Endoplasmic reticulum

13. Responsible for moving material to or from the Golgi apparatus. Transport vesicles

14. These structures occur in pairs in each cell and play a role in separating
the double stranded chromosomes during mitosis. Centrioles

15. Bundles of microfilaments and microtubules that hold the cells organelles
in place and gives an animal cell its defined shape. Cytoskeleton
16. The following circles represent cells in various stages of cell division. The number refers to the number
of chromosomes (individual molecules of DNA) present in the phase of mitosis. Insert the correct number in
the other cells.

# chromosomes/cell: ​20 ​20 ​40 ​40 ​20

single or double strands: ​double ​double ​single​​ ​single ​single/cell

17. Use the table below to compare plant and animal cell features and organelles. You may use words or
diagrams.
Found only in plant cells Found only in animal cells Common to both
Organelles Chloroplast Centrioles
Cell wall
Large vacuole
Other Photosynthesis Cellular respiration
features or
processes

18. Label the following cell. Is it an animal cell or a plant cell?

A nucleolus G cytosol

B nucleus / nuclear membrane H rough endoplasmic reticulum

C chloroplast I ribosomes

D mitochondria J cell wall / cell membrane

E vacuole K Golgi apparatus

F DNA
19. Look at the partially completed concept map below. The boxes contain the concept words. The arrows
are labeled with linking phrases. To complete the concept map, use words from the word bank to fill in
missing concepts and linking phrases.

the cell of the the contents of the cell that protects

organelles control centre mitochondrion cell
that stores that produces chloroplast vacuole
photosynthesis occurs

20. Use the diagram below and label the stages of the cell cycle.

interphase prophase metaphase anaphase telophase cytokinesis

21. Use the descriptions below to identify the stage of the cell cycle.

- double stranded chromosomes coil up to appear shorter and thicker

- the membrane around the nucleus begins to disappear
- centrioles begin to separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

This stage of the cell cycle is called ​prophase

- spindle fibre pulls the double stranded chromosomes apart at the centromere
- the single stranded chromosomes (chromatids) are pulled to opposite ends of the cell

This stage of the cell cycle is called ​anaphase

- centrioles are at either end (poles) of the cell

- double stranded chromosomes align at the middle of the cell

This stage of the cell cycle is called ​metaphase

- two cells containing the same genetic information and organelles

- the cell now goes through G1, S, G2 again

This stage of the cell cycle is called ​cytokinesis

 - growth phase 1 (G1) – the cell grows and the organelles copied
- synthesis (S) – copies of the chromosomes (DNA) are made
- growth phase 2 (G2) – the strands of DNA are checked for errors

This stage of the cell cycle is called ​interphase

- the nuclear membrane reforms around the chromosomes again

- cytokinesis begins to occur

This stage of the cell cycle is called ​telophase

22. For the following tissues types, complete the table using the phrases provided:

supporting/transporting movement communication covering/lining

digestive tract/heart bones/tendons skin/digestive tract brain/spinal cord

Tissue Type Function Location

Connective Tissue supporting/transporting bones/tendons

Nervous Tissue communication brain/spinal cord

Muscle Tissue movement digestive tract/heart

Epithelial Tissue covering/lining skin/digestive tract

23. For the following tissues types, complete the table using the phrases provided:

root tips/buds/cambium support/storage xylem/phloem covering/protection

between vascular/dermal growth/mitosis outer layer transport

Tissue Type Function Location

Meristematic Tissue growth/mitosis root tips/buds/cambium

Epidermal Tissue covering/protection outer layer

Ground Tissue support/storage between vascular/dermal

Vascular Tissue transport xylem/phloem

24. List the 3 types of cells found in blood and describe their functions.
Red blood cells - transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
White blood cells - fight infections
Platelets - allow blood to clot
25. Complete the labels on the following diagram. (Think blood flow and oxygen levels)

26. Describe the path blood would take, starting and ending in the right atrium. (You should have 6
different steps)
right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → body → right atrium

27. Explain the process of breathing.

● Breathing occurs because of contractions and relaxations of muscles and changes in
pressure in the lungs.
● To inhale, diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract. This causes chest cavity to increase
volume, and decrease pressure, so air rushes into the lungs.
● To exhale, diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax. This causes chest cavity to decrease
volume, and increase pressure, so air rushes out of the lungs.
● Breathing is the cycle of inhaling and exhaling.

28. In what ways does the respiratory system help prevent infections?
● Mucus in your nasal cavity and respiratory passages moistens the air and also traps dust
and germs.
● Nose hairs increase the surface area of this mucous
● Cilia in your respiratory passages sweep mucous up out of lungs.

29. Describe how the circulatory system and the respiratory system work together.
The circulatory system and respiratory system are both involved in gas exchange. The capillaries
surround the alveoli. At the alveoli, oxygen in the lungs will diffuse into the capillaries and bind to
hemoglobin. The carbon dioxide that is bound to the hemoglobin will go into the alveoli and be
exhaled. The oxygen that is now bound to red blood cells will be transported back to the heart and
out to the body and the brain to supply oxygen to all of the cells in the body.

30. Describe how the digestive system and the circulatory system work together.
In the small intestine, the folds in the lining of the small intestine also have villi and microvilli. The
microvilli are small finger-like projections and have a very thin epithelial layer. Within the microvilli
there are capillaries. The small intestine breaks down the food we eat and absorbs most of the
nutrients from that food. The food is absorbed through the epithelial lining of the small intestine
and go into the capillaries, and are transported in the plasma of blood.
31. Label the following diagrams of the organ systems.