Conclusion

In conclusion, the purpose of this experiment is to determine the pH of various

concentrations of acids, bases, and to know more about buffer. This experiment has
shown that the lowest pH value is 1.33 which is 0.1 M HCl it also shows the strong
acid. Meanwhile, the highest value of pH is 12.13 which is 0.1M NaOH it also the
weak base among the base that has used. Buffer was used in the experiment to
neutralize parts of acids and bases, resulting in a more constant and steady pH. I
observed that it took less of the base to increase the pH of our buffer and more acid
to lower the pH. The result also is shown when the buffer was added into the solution
the value of the pH was steady and did not increase as much as when the buffer was
not added. As always, in the experiments, there will be always some human errors
and It was difficult to detect the exact measurements of the meniscus as well, which
could also lead to some problematic measurements.