Intracellular signal transduction

The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream

components within the cell, which become activated themselves to
further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the
function or state of the cell.

MAPK is exploited by:

Bacterial toxins.
Effector proteins.
One of the key causes of anthrax virulence is the production of
three specific toxins, derived from three genes lethal factor LF,
protective antigen PA and edema factor EF. PA which is a
cellular receptor recognizes toxins. LF and EF protein binds to
the PA pre pore.In the endosomal compartment the acidic pH
causes conformation change that insert PA fragment and
releases LF and EF into the cytoplasm. LF acts as a protease
that cleaves MAP kinase (MAPK1 & MAPK2)
Type III secreted protein YOPJ of Yersinia pestis

Inhibits the activation of MAPK signaling pathway by

covalently modify key serine and threonine residues of MAP
kinase.

Functions as acetyl transferase (addition of acetyl CoA).

Inability of upstream kinases to transphosphorylase the
downstream kinase.

Prevent MAPK-mediated cytokine transcriptional response to

Yersinia infection
ii) Salmonella, AvrA

Harbor acetyl transferase activity

Inhibit MAPK4& MAPK7(c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase)
signaling pathway.
Prevent the transcription of prosurvival genes

New era of anti-innate immune signaling research

Mass spectrometry analysis
 OspF catalyzes a b elimination reaction of
phosphothreonine
 Produces b-methyldehydroalanine
 Permanent inactivity of MAPK cascade
 Inhibit inflammatory activation.