SPECIFICATION FOR CENTRIFUGALLY CAST
AUSTENITIC STEEL COLD-WROUGHT PIPE FOR
HIGH-TEMPERATURE SERVICE
SA-452
(Identical with ASTM Specification A 452-88.)
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers austenitic steel pipe
made by the centrifugal casting process, subsequently
cold worked, and given a recrystallizing anneal. Pipe
ordered to this specification is suitable for use in high-
pressure, high-temperature services and shall be suitable
for bending and other forming operations and for fusion
welding. Selection will depend on design, service condi-
tions, mechanical properties, and high-temperature char-
acteristics.
1.2 Several grades of austenitic steels are covered
as given in Table 1.
1.3 Optional supplementary requirements (S1 through
S8) are provided which call for additional tests and,
when desired, shall be so stated in the purchase order
together with the number of such tests required.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
regarded as the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 342 Test Methods for Permeability of Feebly Magnetic
Materials
A 530/A 530M Specification for General Requirements
for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
E 112 Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing, Inspection, and
Rating Steel Products, Comprising Bars, Billets,
Blooms, and Forgings
2.2 ANSI Standard:
B46.1 Surface Texture
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3. General Requirements
3.1 Material furnished under this specification shall
conform to the applicable requirements of the current
edition of Specification A 530, unless otherwise pro-
vided herein.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material to this specification should
include the following, as required, to describe the
desired material adequately:
4.1.1 Quantity (feet, centimeters, or number of
lengths),
4.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast cold-
wrought pipe),
4.1.3 Grade (Table 1),
4.1.4 Size (inside diameter and minimum wall
thickness),
4.1.5 Length (specific or random) (Permissible
Variations in Length Section of Specification A 530/
A 530M),
4.1.6 End finish (Ends Section of Specification A
530/A 530M),
4.1.7 Optional requirements (and Sections 7, 10.3,
and Sections S1 to S8, the Hydrostatic Test requirements
of Specification A 530/A 530M),
4.1.8 Test report required (Certification Section of
Specification A 530/A 530M),
4.1.9 Specification designation, and
 SA-452 2001 SECTION II
4.1.10 Special requirements or exceptions to speci-
fication.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Process—The steel shall be made by the electric-
furnace process and may incorporate separate degassing
or refining.
5.2 Manufacturing Practice:
5.2.1 Material for subsequent cold working shall
consist of centrifugally cast cylinders with ends cropped
to the required length by a process that will not produce
injurious defects in the wrought product.
5.2.2 The material shall be cold worked (at ambient
temperature) by expansion, utilizing hydraulic or hydro-
static pressures, reduction between a mandrel and die
as in cold drawing or rocking, reduction between die
and hammers as in cold swaging, or any other cold-
working process that results in sufficient plastic defor-
mation in the material.
5.2.3 The material shall be adequately worked by
one or more of the methods referred to in 5.2.2, with
intermediate anneals as required, and brought as nearly
as practicable to the finished shape and size by these
methods. The amount of cold working shall be sufficient
to produce, after the recrystallizing anneal, and average
grain size no greater than ASTM Grain Size No. 1 as
classified in Table 2 and shown in Plate 2 of Methods
E 112.
5.3 Machining:
5.3.1 All pipe shall have both the inner and outer
surfaces machined at some stage of manufacture.
5.3.2 The pipe shall be machined after heat treat-
ment to a roughness value no greater than 250 ␮in.
(6.4 ␮m) arithmetical average deviation (AA) from the
mean line, terms as defined in ANSI B46.1. If the
surface finish resulting from the cold-working method
and preserved after heat treatment with suitable finishing
treatment does not exceed 250 ␮in. (AA), machining
may be omitted.
5.4 Heat Treatment:
5.4.1 Subsequent to final cold working, the pipe
shall receive a solution heat treatment. The minimum
solution temperature for Grade TP 347 H shall be
2000°F (1095°C), and for Grades TP 304 H and TP
316, 1800°F (980°F).
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5.4.2 The heat-treatment procedure shall consist
of heating the material to the minimum solution tempera-
tures required and quenching in water or rapidly cooling
by other means.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as
to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
6.2 The material within the prescribed chemical
composition shall contain not more than 5% delta
ferrite. The amount of delta ferrite contained in the
material shall be determined by magnetic permeability
measurements in accordance with Method 1, 2, or 3
of Test Methods A 342. Permeability measurements
greater than 1.3 shall be cause for rejection of the
material.
7. Product Analysis
7.1 At the request of the purchaser’s inspector, an
analysis of one semi-finished or finished pipe from
each heat or two pipes from each lot (Note) shall be
made by the manufacturer. A lot of pipe shall consist
of the following:
Nominal Diameter, in. Lengths of Pipe in Lot
Under 2 400 or fraction thereof
2 to 5, incl 200 or fraction thereof
6 and over 100 or fraction thereof
NOTE—A lot shall consist of the number of lengths, specified in
Section 7 of the same size and wall thickness from any one heat
of steel.
7.2 The results of these analyses shall be reported
to the purchaser or his representative, and shall conform
to the requirements specified in Section 6.
7.3 If the analysis of one of the tests specified in this
section does not conform to the requirement specified in
Section 6 an analysis of each semi-finished or finished
pipe or pipe from the same heat or lot may be made,
and all billets or pipe conforming to the requirements
shall be accepted.
8. Tensile Requirements
8.1 The material shall conform to the requirements
as to tensile properties prescribed in Table 2.
8.2 Tests for acceptance shall be made after the final
heat treatment.
 PART A — FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
9. Permissible Variations in Dimensions
9.1 Diameter—For pipe under 4 in. (102 mm) in
inside diameter, the inside diameter shall not vary under
that specified by more than 1⁄32 in. (0.8 mm). For pipe
4 in. (102 mm) in inside diameter and over, the inside
diameter shall not vary under that specified by more
than 1⁄16 in. (1.6 mm). There shall be no variation over
the specified inside diameter.
9.2 Thickness—The wall thickness shall not vary
over that specified by more than 22% with a maximum
of 1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm). There shall be no variation under
the specified wall thickness.
10. Finish
10.1 The finished pipe shall be reasonably straight
and free of injurious defects. At the discretion of the
inspector representing the purchaser, finished pipe shall
be subject to rejection if surface defects acceptable
under 10.4 are not scattered but appear over a large
area in excess of what is considered a workmanlike
finish.
10.2 Depth of Injurious Defects—Selected typical
imperfections shall be explored for depth. When the
depth encroaches on the minimum wall thickness, such
defects shall be considered injurious.
10.3 Repair by Welding—Repair of injurious defects
shall be permitted only subject to the approval of the
purchaser. It is further understood that the composition
of the welding rod shall be suitable for the composition
of metal being welded, and the alloy content (chromium,
nickel, molybdenum, and columbium) of the deposited
weld metal shall conform to that required for the pipe.
Defects shall be thoroughly chipped or ground out
before welding. Only qualified operators and procedures
in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code, Section IX, shall be used. Full heat
treatment in accordance with 5.4, shall follow welding.
Local grinding following welding and retreatment shall
have a finish whose roughness height is not greater
than 250 ␮in. (6.4 ␮m), rms. (ANSI B46.1).
10.4 Defects not Classified as Injurious—Surface
defects which do not encroach on the specified minimum
wall thickness shall be removed either by machining
or grinding, thereby blending the repaired surface with
the surrounding unaffected surface area of the pipe and
otherwise by equal in surface finish.
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SA-452
11. Grain Size
11.1 Photomicrographs at 100 diameters shall be
furnished from one end of one length of pipe represent-
ing each heat and size in each heat treatment lot. Such
photomicrographs shall be suitably identified as to pipe
size (wall thickness and outside or inside diameter),
piece number, and heat. Such photomicrographs shall
shown grain size and are intended to show compliance
with 5.2.3.
12. Specimens for Grain Size and Magnetic
Permeability
12.1 Test specimens for the grain size examination
shall be cut to reveal the pipe wall in cross section
so as to make available outside diameter, midwall,
and inside diameter locations for photomicrography. If
separate specimens are cut to reveal these surface
locations, they shall be so identified.
12.2 Test specimens for magnetic permeability mea-
surements to determine delta ferrite content shall be
in accordance with the applicable specimen requirements
of Test Methods A 342. Apparatus to perform the
magnetic permeability measurements shall be in accord-
ance with the requirements of Test Methods A 342
whether individually constructed or obtained commer-
cially.
13. Retests
13.1 If the results of the magnetic permeability
measurements do not conform to the requirements of
6.2 the manufacturer may obtain two additional speci-
mens from a location immediately adjacent to the first
one for retest. If both of the two retested specimens
pass the requirements, the material shall be acceptable.
14. Mechanical Tests Required
14.1 Tension Test—A test shall be made on specimens
taken from one end of each length of pipe representing
each heat in each heat treatment lot.
14.2 Flattening Test—A test shall be made on speci-
mens from one end of each length of pipe.
14.3 Magnetic Permeability—Measurements specified
in 6.2 shall be made on specimens from one end of
one length of pipe representing each heat in each
treatment lot.
 SA-452 2001 SECTION II

14.4 Grain Size—The grain size shall be determined
from one end of one length of pipe representing each
heat and size in each heat treatment lot.
14.5 Hydrostatic Test—Each length of finished pipe
shall be subjected to the hydrostatic test.
otherwise specified, and shall be so conducted as not
to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the
works. When specified in the purchase order, the manu-
facturer shall notify the purchaser in time so that he
may have his inspector present to witness any part of
the manufacturer or tests that may be desired.

15. Inspection 16. Product Marking

15.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall
have entry, at all times while work on the contract of
the purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the
manufacturer’s works that concern the manufacture of
the material ordered. The manufacturer shall afford the
inspector all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that
the material is being furnished in accordance with this
specification. All tests and inspection shall be made at
the place of manufacture prior to shipment, unless
16.1 In addition to the marking prescribed in Specifi-
cation A 530, the marking shall include wall thickness or
schedule number, length, heat number or manufacturer’s
number by which the heat can be identified, an additional
symbol “S” if the pipe conforms to the supplementary
requirement specified in S1 to S8, followed by the
number or numbers of supplementary paragraphs in-
voked. Indentation stamping, instead of stencilling, shall
be permitted only with the purchaser’s approval.

TABLE 1 TABLE 2
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS TENSILE REQUIREMENTS
Composition, % All Grades and Sizes ksi MPa
Grade Grade Grade Tensile strength, min 75 517
Element TP 304H TP 347H TP 316H Yield strength, min 30 207

Carbon 0.04–0.10 0.04–0.10 0.04–0.10 For Sizes 8 in. Nominal OD and Over
Manganese, max 2.00 2.00 2.00
Longitudinal Transverse
Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.040 0.040
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.030 0.030 Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 45 45
Silicon, max 0.75 0.75 0.75 Reduction of area, min, % 50 50
Nickel 8.00–11.0 9.00–13.0 11.0–14.0
Chromium 18.0–20.0 17.0–20.0 16.0–18.0 For Sizes Less Than 8 in. Nominal OD
Molybdenum ... ... 2.00–3.00 Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, %
A
Columbium ... ... For walls 5⁄16 in. (7.94 mm), and over 35 25
A
The columbium plus tantalum content shall be not less than eight in thickness, trip tests, and small
times the carbon content and not more than 1.00%. sizes tested in full section
Standard round 2 in. or 50 mm gage 30 20
length test specimen

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 PART A — FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-452

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPE REQUIRING SPECIAL

CONSIDERATION

One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when
specified in the purchase order. The purchaser may specify a different frequency
of test or analysis than is provided in the supplementary requirement. Subject to
agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer, retest and retreatment provisions
of these supplementary requirements may also be modified.

S1. Product Analysis in Section 11 and test specimens shall be selected as

S1.1 Product analysis shall be made on each length
of pipe. Individual lengths failing to conform to the
chemical composition requirements shall be rejected.
S2. Transverse Tension Tests
S2.1 A transverse tension test shall be made on a
specimen from one end or both ends of each pipe 8
in. (203.2 mm) and over in nominal diameter. If this
supplementary requirement is specified, the number of
tests per pipe shall also be specified. If a specimen
from any length fails to meet the required tensile
properties (tensile, yield, and elongation), that length
shall be rejected subject to retreatment in accordance
with Specification A 530 and satisfactory retest.
S3. Flattening Test
S3.1 The flattening test of Specification A 530 shall
be made on a specimen from one end or both ends of
each pipe. Crop ends may be used. If this supplementary
requirement is specified, the number of tests per pipe
shall also be specified. If a specimen from any length
fails because of lack of flattening test requirement that
pipe shall be rejected subject to retreatment in accord-
ance with Specification A 530 and satisfactory retest.
If a specimen from any length of pipe fails because
of a lack of soundness that length shall be rejected,
unless subsequent retesting indicates that the remaining
length is sound.
S4. Grain Size
S4.1 Photomicrographs showing grain size shall be
made from each length of pipe upon agreement between
the manufacturer and purchaser. In this case, each
photomicrograph shall be suitably identified as required
required in Section 12.
S5. Retest
S5.1 Retreatment of pipe, restricted to two re-
treatments, shall be retreated additionally with approval
of the purchaser on the basis of satisfactory metallurgical
evidence that the cause of the failure of the test is
curable and the quality of the material is satisfactory.
S5.2 Upon the purchaser’s request, retests shall be
made from sections of material removed from any part
of the pipe. Failure to meet the requirements stated in
the body of this specification shall be cause of rejection.
S6. Etching Tests
S6.1 The steel shall be homogeneous as shown by
etching tests conducted in accordance with the appro-
priate portions of Method E 381. Etching tests shall
be made on a cross section from one end or both ends
of each pipe and shall show sound and reasonably
uniform material free from injurious laminations, cracks,
and similar objectionable defects. If this supplementary
requirement is specified, the number of tests per pipe
required shall also be specified. If a specimen from
any length shows objectionable defects, the length shall
be rejected, subject to removal of the defective end
and subsequent retests indicating the remainder of the
length to be sound and reasonably uniform material.
S7. Hot Ductility Test (Test for Weldability)
S7.1 A high-temperature ductility test may be made
upon each heat of material supplied in heavy-wall pipe
sections. An appropriate specimen shall be heated to
an initial temperature, cooled 100°F (56°C), then sub-
jected to a tensile test and shall show a minimum
reduction of area of 60%. The initial temperature is

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 SA-452 2001 SECTION II

that temperature 50°F (28°C) below the temperature at

which the material exhibits zero ductility. Rejection of
material shall not be based upon this test.

S8. Ultrasonic Test

S8.1 Each piece of pipe may be ultrasonically tested
to determine its soundness throughout the entire length
of the pipe. Each piece shall be ultrasonically tested
in a circumferential direction in such a manner so that
the entire piece is a scanned by the ultrasonic beam.
The calibration standard shall be prepared from a section
of pipe which has two notches, one in the inside surface
and one in the outside surface, which are at least 11⁄2
in. (38 mm) long and have a depth of 3% of the wall
thickness, or 0.004 in. (0.10 mm), whichever is greater.
Any pipe showing an ultrasonic indication of greater
amplitude than the amplitude of the indication from
the calibration standard shall be subject to rejection.

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