Department of Education

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CITY OF MEYCAUAYAN

Pag-asa St., Malhacan, City of Meycauayan, Bulacan

Senior High School

Activity Sheet 11
in
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Quarter 1 – Week 8:
Solves Logarithmic Equations
and Inequalities. (M11GM-Ih-3
 Solves Logarithmic Equations and Inequalities.

LET US KNOW

This learner activity sheet was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master how to solves logarithmic equations and inequalities. The scope of this learner
activity sheet permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The learner activity sheet will focus on the topic on: solves logarithmic equations and
inequalities.

LET US REVIEW

Write the given Logarithmic equation into exponential form and vice versa

1. log 13 169 = 2
1
2. log 2 = −4
16
3. log 10 100 = 2
1
4. 9 2 =3
−2 1
5. 15 =
225

LET US STUDY

Basic properties of logarithm:

Let b and x be real numbers such that b>1 and b ≠1

a. log b 1=0
b. log b b x =x
 c. If x >0 , thenb log x =x
b

Laws of Logarithm

The Product Rule: log b MN =log b M +log b N

Example: log 6 ( 5 y )=log 6 5+ log 6 y

The Quotient Rule: ( MN )=log M −log N

log b b b

a
Example: log ( )=log a−log 2
7 7 7
2

The Power Rule: log b M p= p ∙ log b M

Example: log 2 x 3=3 ∙ log 2 x

= 3 log 2 x

Property for Logarithmic Inequalities

Given the logarithmic expression log b x

If 0< b<1 ,t h en x1 < x 2 if ∧only if log b x1 > log b x 2

If b> 1, then x 1 < x 2 if ∧only if log b x 1 <log b x 2

Solving Logarithmic Equation

Examples

1. Solve: log 4 (2 x¿)=log 4 10 ¿

Solution:
log 4 (2 x¿)=log 4 10 ¿
2 x=10 (one to one property)
x=5

Check: 5 is a solution since log 4 ( 2 ∙ 5 )=log 4 10

3
2. Solve: log 3 ( 2 x −1 )=2

2 x−1=32 (Changing into exponential form)

2 x−1=9
2x = 10
x=5

Check: 5 is a solution since log 3 ( 2 ( 5 )−1 ) =2

log 3 9=2
32=9

3. log 2 ( x+ 1 )+ log 2 ( x−1 ) =3

log 2 [ ( x+1 )( x −1) ]=3 (Using product rule)
3
( x +1 )( x−1 ) =2 (Changing into exponential form)
2
x −1=8 (Multiplication of two binomials)
2
x −9=0
( x +3 ) ( x −3 )=0
x=−3,3

Check: 3 is a solution since log 2 ( 3+1 )∧log 2 ( 3−1 ) are defined

-3 is not a solution

Solving Logarithmic inequalities

4. Solve: log 3 ( 2 x −1 )> log 3 ( x +2 )

Step 1: Ensure that the logarithms are defined.

Then 2 x−1>0∧x +2>0 must be satisfied.

1
2 x−1>0 implies x> ∧x +2>0 implies x>−2
2
1
To make both logarithms defined, then x > (if x >2 , then x is surely greater than−2)
2

Step 2: Ensure that the inequality is satisfied.

The base 3 is greater than 1.
Thus, since log 3 ( 2 x −1 )> log 3 ( x +2 ) , then:

2 x−1> x+ 2
x >3

∴ x>3
Hence, the solution is ( 3 ,+∝ )

5
5. Solve: −2< log x <2
Step 1: Ensure that the logarithm are defined.
This means that x >0.

Step 2: Ensure that the inequality is satisfied.

We first rewrite -2 and 2 as logarithms to base 10, which are log 10−2 ∧log 102
respectively, obtaining inequality:
log 10−2 < log x <log 102

We split the compound inequality into two simple inequalities:

log 10−2 < log x∧log x < log102

Since the base 10 is greater than 1, we simplify both inequalities as

log 10−2 < x∧x <102

1
Thus, obtaining < x <100 ,which automatically satisfies the condition in step 1.
100
1
Hence the solution is (
100
, 100 )

LET US PRACTICE

Solve the given equations and inequalities

1. log x 25=2
2. log x 4+ log x 2=1
3. log 6 ( 4 x+ 8 )=2

4. log 1 ( 5 x−1 ) ≥ 0
5

5. log 5 ( 3 x−1 ) <1

LET US REMEMBER

Some strategies for solving logarithmic equations.

 Rewriting to exponential form
 Using logarithmic properties
 Applying the one-to-one property of logarithmic function.

One-to-one property of logarithmic function

For any logarithmic function f ( x )=log b x , if log b M =log b N , then M =N

7
 Property for Logarithmic Inequalities

Given the logarithmic expression log b x

If 0< b<1 ,t h en x1 < x 2 if ∧only if log b x1 > log b x 2

If b> 1, then x 1 < x 2 if ∧only if log b x 1 <log b x 2

LET US APPRECIATE
Carefully dissect the expressions and solve the equation.

a. log 2 ¿ ¿

LET US PRACTICE MORE

Solve the given logarithmic equation and inequalities

1. log x 16=2
2. ¿
6
3. log >log ( x+ 5 )
x
2 x−6
4. log 7 >0
2 x −1

EVALUATION

Determine whether the given is

Solve the given logarithmic equation and inequalities

Given Answer

1. log 3 ( 1−x )=log 3 x +16−x2

2. log x−log5=2

3. log 6 ( 4 x +8)=2

4. log 7 ( x+ 2 ) ≤ 1

9
5. log 0.1 ( x−2)>2