Central Dogma

1. Human genetic material is represented in the diagram
below.
4. If 15% of a DNA sample is made up of thymine, T, what
percentage of the sample is made up of cytosine, C?
A) 15% B) 35% C) 70% D) 85%
5. Base your answer to the following question on The parts
of a DNA nucleotide are indicated in the chart below by
letters A, B, and C, An X indicates which chemical
elements are present in each part.

The region labeled A is made up of a section of

Which diagram best represents a DNA nucleotide.
A) a protein that becomes an enzyme
B) DNA that may direct protein synthesis A) B)
C) a carbohydrate made from amino acids
D) glucose that may be copied to make DNA
2. Changing one base in a gene could have the most direct C) D)
effect on the
A) function of the membrane of a cell
B) sequence of building blocks of a protein found in a 6. What do the letters A, G, C, and T represent in
cell nucleotides?
C) number of mitochondria in a cell
A) phosphate groups B) deoxyribose sugars
D) type of carbohydrates synthesized by a cell
C) nitrogenous bases D) ribose sugars
3. The diagram below represents a portion DNA molecule.
7. Which is the sugar component of a DNA nucleotide?
A) adenine B) deoxyribose
C) glucose D) phosphate
8. Genes involved in the production of abnormal red blood
cells have an abnormal sequence of
A) ATP molecules B) amino acids
C) sugars D) bases

The letters represent different types of

A) sugar molecules B) molecular bases
C) enzymes D) proteins
9. Base your answer to the following question on In the diagram below, strands I and II represent portions of a
DNA molecule.

Strand II would normally include

A) AGC B) TCG C) TAC D) GAT
10. Base your answer to the following question on the 12. Base your answer to the following question on What is
diagram below which represents a portion of a the complementary messenger-RNA sequence for the
double-stranded DNA molecule and on your knowledge DNA sequence shown below?
of biology.

A) C-A-A-G-G-U B) G-T-T-C-C-A
C) G-U-U-C-C-A D) C-A-A-G-G-T

Which process takes place before mitosis occurs in a

cell containing this DNA?
A) Hydrogen bonds at 6 break and one
double-stranded DNA molecule results.
B) Hydrogen bonds at 5 break and two
double-stranded DNA molecules are synthesized.
C) Covalent bonds at 2 and 6 break and one
double-stranded DNA molecule results.
D) Covalent bonds at 4 break and two
double-stranded DNA molecules are synthesized.
11. During the replication of a DNA molecule, separation
or "unzipping" of the DNA molecule will normally
occur when hydrogen bonds are broken between what
two nucleobases?
A) thymine and thymine
B) guanine and uracil
C) adenine and cytosine
D) cytosine and guanine
13. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below of a biochemical process and on your
knowledge of biology.

Which amino acid would be transferred to the position of codon CAC?

A) leucine B) glycine C) valine D) histidine
14. The core of a virus may contain either DNA or RNA. 17. Base your answer to the following question on the
To identify which nucleic acid is present, a biochemist diagram below, which represents some components
could chemically analyze the virus for the presence of involved in cellular protein synthesis, and on your
knowledge of Biology.
A) guanine B) ribose
C) cytosine D) phosphate
15. The structure of messenger RNA is determined by the
structure of
A) PGAL B) ATP
C) DNA D) ADP
16. Two types of RNA molecules are
A) uracil and adenine
B) messenger RNA and transfer RNA
C) cytosine and thymine
D) transfer RNA and translocation RNA

Molecules C, D, and E will combine to form part of

A) a polypeptide B) a polysaccharide
C) DNA D) RNA
18. Amino acid molecules are bonded together in a specific 23. Base your answer to the following question on the
sequence on cell structures known as diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.
A) ribosomes B) vacuoles
C) mitochondria D) centromeres
19. Base your answer to the following question on the
diagram below of a biochemical process that occurs
within cells and on your knowledge of biology.

Number 4 represents a
A) gene B) nucleotide
C) codon D) sugar
The process represented in the diagram is 24. The genetic code for one amino acid molecule consists
A) lipid digestion B) cell respiration of
C) protein synthesis D) protein hydrolysis A) five sugar molecules
Base your answers to questions 20 through 22 on the B) two phosphates
diagram below which represents protein synthesis C) three nucleotides
within a cell and on your knowledge of biology. D) four hydrogen bonds

20. Which letter indicates the building blocks of a protein?

A) E B) B C) G D) D
21. Which letter indicates part of a polypeptide chain?
A) A B) E C) F D) G
22. Which letter indicates the site of protein synthesis?
A) G B) H C) C D) D