Ke Topic t Cell membranes are said to be selectively permeable, Which statement best explains what selectively permeable means? 2. The removal of carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes from an ‘organism illustrates the life function known as B) nutrition excretion Which life function is primarily involved in the conversion of the energy stored in food to a form directly usable by a cell? A) regulation C) respiration culation respiration A) absorption B) ©) digestion 4, Which term is defined as all the chemical reactions that are required to sustain life? @ neatotim ©) regulation B) nutrition D) synthesis Implant, eucose is converted to cells, and in hunan muscle cel glucose is converted to gl cogen. These processes ae xanipls of which ie atv? A) regulation Osntesis B) respiration D) excretion 6, Normally, when the concentration of glucose in the blood falls ‘below a certain level, stored glucose re-enters the blood until the original concentration is reached again. What is this process of regulating the concentration of blood glucose an example of? A) synthesis ©) reproduction respiration homeostasis 7. Like humans, animals including dogs and cats get goose bumps. On a cold day, these goose bumps cause their coats to expand creating a layer of insulation, Ifthe animal is seared, the coat will also expand making the animal look larger to predators, These responses serve as examples of A) allergic reactions BB) leamed behaviors detection and response to stimuli reproductive and feeding success 8. Some deep-sea bacteria live near submerged volcanoes and make their own food using energy derived from minerals coming from the volcanoes. These bacteria would be classified as ®oirpic D) abiotic 9. The respiratory system includes a layer of cells in the air passages that clean the air before it gets to the lungs. This layer of cells is best classified as A) heterotrophic ©) photosynthetic a tissue Yan cell membrane B) an organ D) an organ system Base your answers to questions Hind ibn "The graph below shows the relative concentrations of different ions inside and outside of an animal cell Key WH inside cell D1 Outside cell 150 +—— — = & £ 100 & = 8 8 50 o Ll L a Nat Kt Mgtt Cr lons 10Which process is directly responsible forthe net movement of K+ and Mg#+ into the animal cell? B) diffusion D) cireulation A) electrophoresis active transport Which process is directly responsible for the net movement of Nat and Cl- into the animal cell? Sais D) circulation A) electrophoresis ©) active transport 12, Which statement describes a simil antibodies, and hormones? between all enzymes, ‘Their chemical structure is critical to their ability to function, B) Their ability to replicate identical copies ensures continuation of the species. C) They work better at 100°C than 37°C. D) They are made by and carried by the blood.Topie.d 13, Cellular communication is illustrated in the diagram below Cell A CellB G3 i FN Key, Information can be sent from @ Signal t A Signal 2 14, Which sequence of terms is inthe correct order ftom simplest to ‘most complex? ects tissues > organs + organ systems B) tissues —> organisms > cells > organ systems ©) cells issues > organ systems» organs D) organs» organisms ~> organ systems ~ cells 1S, Hospital patiens are often given intravenous fvids (IVs) to maintain proper levels of water and salts inthe body. Great care is used in preparing these solutions. Ifa manufacturer accidentally prepared a batch ofIV fluid that contained dstied ‘water, harm to the patent if this incoreetly prepared TV hid ‘was used is that, Qower woud move ino body cls an cus tes bus water wold move ot of dy as nde emo SayinTopic 2 1. Which statement describes starches, fats, proteins, and DNA? A) They are used to store genetic information, They are complex molecules made from smaller molecules. ‘They are used to assemble larger inorganic materials, D) They are simple molecules used as energy sources. 2. The chart below indicates the elements contained in four different molecules and the number of atoms of each element in those molecules. Number of Atoms Element | Molecule | Molecule | Molecule [Molecule A 8 ¢ D Hydrogen| 12 0 3 0 (Carbon 6 1 0 1 Nitrogen | _0 0 1 0 loxygen [6 2 0 3 [Caicium | 0 0 0 1 Which molecule can be classified as organic? ©: we oc wo 3. The enzyme betaglnctoidseis involved ina cern chemi reaction, What wll mow ley happen belt glcoidase swt saa? Ay A difen enzyne willbe usd in thereto, hea ofthe reaction wl shane, © Diet emis wil be wed the econo replace the nay, ) Coenzyme: wil produce bet-glaoidse, 4. Experiments reveled the following information aout ceain motel — It can be broken down into amino acids —Itis involved in the breakdown of complex carbohydrates into simple sugars — Iti not destroyed or altered during the chemical reactions that it's involved in ‘This molecule is most likely B) a complex carbohydrate >) aba anos ©) a hormone 5. Which statement about enzymes is nor correct? A) Enzymes are composed of protein chains. By Enzymes bind temporarily to a substrate (©) Enzymes are destroyed when they are used and must be synthesized for each reaction D) Enzymes are specific because oftheir shape and catalyze only certain reactions. © A ily fradooing nim exis erage a vetiplan dhamtanson! dap Tis eape demise @ somite ype of molecule tiers wih during a reaction eva ta snopes bs own dt acandont regen ©) pl ofall body systems Dj fap the ei ht cn Sgn 1. The agra below represent a ei of rections tht an occur inan organ, Original rote oO a Final molecule Biological \ catalyst ©_© This diagram best illustrates the relationship between @ cromcsantstess 3 amino ana gene ©) gear on noe 5 nema 8, Bam your manor te oving uno on he gag tndon your lowed of bol. The wap shows be ave Relative Rate of Enzyme Action i i pH ‘A solution with a pH of 6 contains enzyme C and its substrate. If the solution is gradually made mote basic, the rate of action of enzyme C would most likely @inrease then decrease ) decrease constantly Ay erin constant ©) derease, then inerease 9, Which group of organic molecule includes glycogen nd starch? Daatboryaraes 3) lipids ©) clic acids D) proteins 10. In whic ype of molecule isthe ratio o hydrogen ooxyBen Usually 201? A) lipid Oeabonyrate B) protein D) glycerolTopic 2 11. The process by which glucose is converted to a polysaccharide is known as A) protein hydrolysis ©) chemical digestion © seryertion symtesis D) elisa resprstion 12. "The proces by which digestive enzymes catalyze the breakdown of lager molecules to smaller molecules with the addition of water i known as A synthesis Ossorns B) pinocytosis D) photosynthesis, 13. In living organisms, lipids function mainly as A) sources of stored energy and transmitters of ‘genetic information B) sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes ©) transmitters of genetic information and catalysts of chemical reactions 1D) catalysts of chemical reactions and components of cellular membranes 14, Even though human proteins are synthesized ftom only 20 different amino acids, there ae thousands of different proteins found in human cells. This great variety of proteins is possible because the AA) size ofa specific amino acid can vary within a protein .B) chemical composition ofa specific amino acid can vary Jsequence and number of amino acids can be different in each protein 1D) same amino acid can have many different properties 15. The way a protein molecule is folded determines the shape of the molecule, which determines the A) function of that protein BB) structure of ATP containing that protein ©) type of simple sugars in that protein D) amino acids in that proteinTopic 3 Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a cell 1. Which structure is responsible for the synthesis of ATP? 5B Oc AA D)D 2, Which structure is responsible forthe passage of materials into and out ofthe cell? B)B oc 9 DD 3. What is common to all ells? A) Allelis havea cll all 3) Allels are photosynthetic @aiveats vide wo tom new ts D) allel have mules 4. Within eukaryotic cll wheres the DNA mainly found? ae (©) nucieus 4. Conan elf sess inside @)animal eet vision D) cellular espiation A) cell wall ©) ribosomes A) plant cell division ©) enzyme production 6. Certain poisons are toxic to organisms because they interfere with the function of the mitochondria, This results directly in the inability of the cell to A) store information By build proteins release energy from nutrients D) dispose of metabolic wastes 7. Which organelle is correctly paired with its specific function? A) golgi body—storage of hereditary information B) nucleus—synthesis of carbohydrates ©) mitochondrion—synthesis of proteins vacuole—storage of food, water, and waste 8. "Which cell organelle is most directly involved with the bonding of amino acids? B) endoplasmic reticulum ribosome |A) mitochondrion ©) cell wall Base your answers to questions 9 and 10on the diagram and information below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a germinating bean seed that has been split, open. __ Bean plant embryo Seed coat Stored starch Germinating bean seed (split open) 9. Plants are able to continue to grow and develop once the starch supply in the seed is gone, because they |A) develop roots to absorb starch fiom the environment B) grow leaves, which use light energy for cell respiration One chloroplasts and use light energy to make more food produce more seeds, which contain additional food reserves LoWhen water is available and growth begins, the plant embryo inside the seed secretes enzymes to digest the starch stored in the seed. The enzymes in cells ofthe plant embryo are produced directly by the QD iivosomes ©) mitochondria B) nuclei D) vacuolesTopic 3 11, A cell is represented in the diagram below. c ‘The coded information thatthe cell uses to synthesize many different proteins is stored in structure a4 @8 oc vp 12 Which all structures ork tpt in the proces of ot Ses? A) nucleus and chloroplast B) ribosome and vacuole nucleus and ribosome 1) mitochondrion and cell membrane 13. Muscle cells in athletes often have more mitochondria than muscle cells in nonathletes. Based on this observation, it can be inferred thatthe muscle cells in athletes A) have a smaller demand for cell proteins than the muscle cells of nonathletes B) reproduce less frequently than the muscle cells of, rnonathletes ©) have nuclei containing more DNA than nuclei in the musele cells of nonathletes have a greater demand for energy than the muscle cells of nonathletes 14, Which cell organelle is composed of a series of channels throughout the cytoplasm that functions in the transport of A) lysosome molecules? chloroplast ©) cell wall (O) endoplasmic reticulum 15, Which cellular organelle is represented by the diagram below? molecules protein molecules, A) cell wall B) molecules Opresma membrane D) proteinTopic 4 1, A cell inthe leaf of a com plant contains more chloroplasts than a cell in the stem ofa corn plant, Based on this observation, it can be inferred that, when compared tothe cell inthe stem, the cell in the leaf @ synesics more sugar has higher chromosome count 5 ie D) ses es carbon donde 47h 106 Theo ales, tras leche gol Stand of alas to diferent naelengis of ight Egan wed pace ir concentas ner oxygen sue to deemine whic cetlons of he algae were lasing he ost Os, The co no-aomn oe Wavelength of Light (nm) ‘Which statement isa valid inference based on this information? A) Oxygen production decreases asthe wavelength of light increases from 550 to 650 nm. 'B) Respiration rate inthe bacteria is greatest at 550 am, hotosyathetic rate in the algae is greatest in blue light D) The algae absorb the greatest amount of oxygen in red light 3. A green plant is kept in a brightly lit area for 48 hours, What will ‘most likely occur ifthe light intensity is reduced slightly during the next 48 hours? AA) Photosynthesis will stop completely. B) The rate at which nitrogen is used by the plant wil increase. ‘The rate at which oxygen is released from the plant will decrease ) Glucose production inside each plant cll will increase. 4. The temporary storage of energy in ATP molecules is part of whisk proces? Dect espiraon D) photolysis A) photosynthesis ) protein synthesis 5. The energy used to obtain, transfer, and transport materials within an organism comes directly from @DATe By DNA. ©) sunlight Dy surh 6. The diagram below represents part of the process of cellular respiration, ATP. Step 1 ® Step 2 ® “ADP: Which step best represents cellular respiration? B) step 2, only D) neither step 1 nor step 2 step 1, only. } both step I and step 2 7. The graphs below show the changes in the relative concentrations ‘of two gases in the air surrounding a group of organisms Oxygen Level Concentration Concentration Time Time —+ Which process in the organisms most likely accounts forthe ‘changes shown? A) active transport respiration 8. In the cells ofthe human body, oxygen molecules are used directly in a process that @ releases energy digest fats C) synthesizes carbohydrate molecules. Dy) alters the genei ais ofthe ell B) evaporation D) photosynthesis 9. Which change ina sample of pond water could indicate that iieroseopie animals are active? AA) increase in ozone level B) increase in glucose level eorease in oxygen level DY decrease in carbon dioxide level 10. In heterotophs, energy for life processes comes from chemical energy stored inthe bonds of what type of molecule or ‘compound? ‘AQ water molecules __B) oxygen molecules C)oreanic compounds) inorganic compoundsTopic 4 1A biological process that occurs in both plants and animals is shown below. OO-@-O-@ Which row in the chart below identifies the lettered substances in this process? Fow [A e o 3 or GO, | aucose | mayen [1a [atecoss |; enaymes | CO, @_[eraymes [Op CO, | gucose | (| oheose | 00, | enaymes | O, _] an & 03 ba 12, Base your answer to the following question on Tie flow of | energy through an ecosystem involves many energy transfers. ‘The diagram below summarizes the transfer of energy that eventually powers muscle activity Sun_> Food > ATP —> Muscle Activity ‘The process of cellular respiration is represented by A) arrow 4, only Eyarrow 8, only ©) arrow C, only D) arrows, B, and C 13. Which term best defines a bacteria that can survive without oxygen? 1) aeabie @mncoric a | ieTopic 4 Base your answers to questions 14 and 15 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology A small green plant was placed in a flask as shown below. A sensor that measures the CQ content of the air inthe flask. \vas inserted, and then the flask was sealed with a rubber stopper. The other end of the sensor was connected to a computer to monitor and record COs levels in the flask over a period of time. For part ofthe time the flask was placed in bright light and for part ofthe time it was placed in total darkness, The graph below shows data that were recorded by the sensor over aperiod of time. To computer C0, sensor ~ Green plant —~ Waterlled tet tube 2500, : ' 2000) 60> (ppm) s 3 ol L 1 L L L 0 10 a) ‘Time (rin) ‘bpm = parts per milion |, Which condition most likely produced the effect on CO? level aver the first 23 minutes? J) The light was on for the entire 23 minutes BY The light was off for the entire 23 minutes. C) The light was off atthe start and turned on after 10 minutes D) The light could have been either on or off because it would have had no effect an the CO level. 15, Which process most likely caused the change in CO2 level inthe flask over the last 37 minutes? A) photosymhesis_ (SDresiraton active transport) circulationTopic 5 1. The photograph below shows two color variations of Himalayan rabbits. In the winter, the rabbits resemble the one on the Teft In the summer, the rabbits resemble the one on the right, Himalayan Rabbits Winter The changin fr olor are most ely du to A) avin tt affected genes in specific areas the boy 3) the soring and eombinaton of genes @)eene expression eto the diterencesinsbis onions 1) the molecular aranement of Ses 2, Fora given trait, the two alleles in the genotype are not alike. An individual possessing this gene combination is said to be A tomenygou for tat tit reteorygous for tat tat © recesive for that ait D) dominant fo that it 3. Which phrase best describes a gene? A) a segment of a DNA molecule found only in the body cells of an organism B) a segment of a DNA molecule found only in the gametes of an organism Ja segment of a DNA molecule that contains the instructions for producing a trait in an organism D) a segment ofa DNA molecule that contains the instructions for producing all the characteristics of an organism 4. Which sequence conet present he arangemet of Sct conning gente mara Fm teresa he swat st” A) etroncsme- gen -> nes Bnew > cromosee > gene ©) me > chromosome» ures ) gene nuceus-> chromosome 5. A single gene mutation ress om @ a change natase sequence in DNA 3) recombination of wes ©) theft of chromosomes separate D) blocked nowe mesges 6. The diagram below represents single-celled organism A dividing by mitosis to form cells Band C. B < Cells 4, B, and C all produced protein X. What can best be inferred from this observation? A AA) Protein X's found in all organisms B) The gene for protein Xis found in single-celled organisms, only. ©) Calls 4, B, and C ingested food containing the gene to produce protein X. The gene to produce protein X was passed from cell A to cells B and C. 7. Ina portion of a DNA molecule, the nitrogenous base sequence is T-C-G-A-A-T. Which nitrogenous base sequence would normally bbe found bonded to this section of the gene? A) ACG-PACA B) A-C-G-UU-A OPVGerra D) U-G-C-A-A-U 8. Which i the sugar component ofa DNA nucleotide? —~ A) ribose Beeoxysibose ©) thymine 'D) phosphateTopic 5 9. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below of two processes in the synthesis of proteins and on your knowledge of biology. Process A : Process B | Taine aed i [ cone [BNA] produces one[mANA] {one mANA] + many [JANA ] produces one[pavpentce | Process Boer within the ©) ebloroptest—_D) cles A) mitochondrion (B) ribosome TOthngng ont ve lve en Ge Teton it A fon te mene oa SNe aon an ofa pia un ie D sentra tconde cll D) byron Seedy all L1The DNA ofaty nd te DNA oor real up of “oat ara 4) anagtin san ner a eis B) aang itch esumeeah nb pees ) dint busin cach ewe pees @ indi sequenes neck of et spss 12, When DNA separates into two strands, the DNA would most likely be directly involved in Oeentcaon © iftrentinion 13, A sequence of three nitrogenous bases in a messenger-RNA. ‘molecule is known as a B) fertilization D) evolution ‘codon ©) polypeptide 14, Which base is normally used in the synthesis of RNA but navn the synthesis of DNA? B) gene D) nucleotide A) adenine @onsit C) cytosine D) guanine 15, Which statement indicates one difference between the gene that codes for insulin and the gene that codes for testosterone in humans? A) The gene for insulin is replicated in vacuoles, while the ‘gene for testosterone is replicated in mitochondria, {B) The gene for insulin has different sequence of molecular bases than the gene for testosterone, CC) There is no gene that codes for insulin D) The gene for insulin is a sequence of five different molecular bases while the gene for testosterone is a sequence of only four different molecular bases, 16, Four stages in the production of protein molecules in a cell are listed below, 4— Transfer RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome B~DNA molecules serve as templates for messenger RNA molecules, C—Messenger RNA molecules move to ibosomes, D~ Proteins are formed on ribosomes. Which sequence best represents the correct order of these siages? a4aBc.0 —— @)ascs440 ©) CB .4.D D) DB 44 46 17. What isthe function of transfer RNA molecules in the synthesis of proteins? |A) They provide nucleotides for messenger RNA production, B) They carry genetic instructions tothe nucleus They pick up and transport amino acids tothe ribosomes, D) They are chemically changed into amino acids,Topic 5 18, Which sequence best represents the relationship between DNA and the traits of an organism? © (pannaceseaas ©) (rani semmes Tino ai squares rai shape Protein shape [Amino acid sequence] Tait Trait ° De DNA base sequence DNA base sequence | Ta a ean [Faian ten] Proten tuncion] “Amino acid sequence Protein shape [Posten shape Trait Trait Base your answers to questions 19 and 20 on "the diagram below, which contains arrows representing different processes ‘occurring ina cel rayne i ping —2—+ na 2 peppapice NG \ ona Cot pets 19, Whats roses aon @revcaion ——-B) eamlaion ——_C) tmaiption —_D) smnsocton 20. iar she prof of press 32 1) aseandofDNA 2) ove conpenenty sands of DNA ©) astrand of RNA D) a chain of amino acidsTopic 6 |. The diagram below represents the same field of mice hunted by a hawk over a period of three months. ‘The overall changes in the population of mice can be explained best by Draw seleotion J gene flow B) the founder effect D) the bottleneck effect 2, Which is an example of evolution? @) development ofthe modem chimpanzees and humans from ‘common ancestor BB) differentiation of tissue in a growing embryo ) replacement of a lost claw ofa lobster D) germination of a 100-year-old spore when moistened 3, Evolution can occur at different rates; however, for evolution fo cour, there must be Qin within a species extinction of the species ©) asexual reproduction ) no change in the genes of an organism 4, Overtime, data that support the successful evolution ofa species ‘would include observations that describe A) an increase in th gnats changes occurring in body cell B) a decrease inthe genetic variety cared in sox cella tm increase inthe proportion offspring that have fnvorble characteristics 1) a decreas inthe proportion of te population that as Benet tts, 5. tn etain species of insect some individuals have attened white disk on ter bodies that provide and interlock, resembling {orchid flower. Ths adaptation provides the insect with a beter ppotuity to capture its prey. environmental conditions retain unchanged its most likely tha, in future generations, the proportion of te population with his adaptation will Que a B) decrease only Y increas, then decrease D) decrease, the increase ‘6, When penicillin was first introduced, it was very effective in destroying most ofthe bacteria that cause gonorrhea, Today, certain varieties ofthis bacterium are resistant to penicillin ‘Which statement best explains the appearance of these resistant varieties? A) Penicillin stimulated the bacteria to become resistant, and this resistance was passed tothe offspring, Penicillin killed the susceptible bacteria, while naturally resistant varieties survived and reproduced, ©) Penicillin used today is not as strong as the penici when it was first introduced. 1) Penicillin stimulated the produetion of antigens in the resistant bacteria, used 7. Aconingo th tery of blog vlton, mst pesenay specks of sian A developed om sin, salle pres ops B) bavalway existed inthe im ey ave tony €) developed hr oils of he ter egos ©) send mcr, dire species of pans 4. Natt ston es described a A cng in an oni in espont ta need of a cree 3) arcs of etc ingrovemen ht dso organs at ery part (OPiterences in suv tesa ares f deren ered ehacaoiss D) ikertans of casters ase dig he i of anTopic 6 9. The graph below represents the populations oF two different species in an ecosystem over a petid of several years Population Changes in an Ecosystem ees 4 58 po spect Number of indvduate ‘Time (years) ————> Which statement isa possible explanation for the changes shown? AA) Species A is better adapted to this environment. B) Species A is the predator of Species B. Species B is better adapted to this environment. N) Species B isa parasite that has benefited species A. 10. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The diagram shows an interpretation of relationships based on evolutionary theory. The leters represent different species. Present time A BeeeiGeaeD 10 milion years ago ‘The diagram indicates that a common ancestor for species C and Fis species AVE B)G on DyTopic 7 1. The diagram below represents some energy transfers in an ecosystem. x Which type of organism is mos likely represented by letter X? _ A secomposer ©) producer 2. Which statement best describes what happens to energy and ‘molecules in a stable ecosystem? B) autotroph 1) Both nega ees ae yl ia an sot 1) Note ery nro eyed nanos €) Ene enced and oles cnn o rer coinvousy aed te cxysem ad oleae anrogeld 3. Thoin na pod and he py actos ning B) atoochan 4. A stable ecosystem would ov contain A) a population C) abiosphere 1) nal goed ® ‘consumers without producers | decompose 1) atone ons of wry 5, What would be mst beneficial towards maintaining stability in an evosjtem vera long petod of time? AY organisms ported hy humans rom other environments Bs auddon changin lain QDacivesiy of organisms TY proto elinsntad she fod balan 6. The flow of energy a ecosystem is bes described as enrty sovtag a Gam ets fo rh pte hari he 2) one cretion fom a consumer oa producer an then othe Sinas et and ight 0 dveions orn to roduoen ta ce prone 1) tw detions, back and fo betwen the produces and ticonsman 1. Which proce intl provides th Unk been a sini Saeed te egy tes of non enna? @ororosynesis D) predation A) respiration ©) decomposition 8. Asamember of the ecological community, man must be classified as A) a producer Opaconsumer B) a decomposer D) an autotroph D) herbivore ‘The diagram below represents different feeding levels in an energy pyramid SOTTEES BO BO8G0G00 ‘The most likely explanation for showing fewer organisms at each feeding level going up the pyramid is that By netege epi as cn ges C) meuccury bere wit oh ven ona ee ‘er, oyna nd land rede Ssann “fete an iaapeed reno ono ers Gatac bund abrginecosche er Thee sees (Braman pouaion amore chant A) global warming ©) recycling programs