Name : Muhamad Farhan

Class : S
Sin : 185050101111170
Lecture : Ir. Nur Cholis, M.Si., IPM., ASEAN Eng.
Subject : Management of Non-ruminant Livestock Production

1. Recap of the technical coefficient of production of various livestock commodities (bees,

silkworms and rabbits)
2. Write down one of the profiles of various livestock commodity businesses that were
successful and still survive today

Answers

1. Recap of the technical coefficient of production of various livestock commodities (bees,

silkworms and rabbits)

Silkworms
Silkworms produce raw silk cocoons, which after being spun can produce 300
to 900 meters of silk thread per cocoon. The fiber about 10 micrometers in diameter.
One kilogram of silk thread requires 11-12 kg of cocoons. The number of cocoons
needed to become threads is 1,763.85 kg per month on average with a cocoon price
per kilogram of IDR 18,000.00 The leaves for silkworm feed are mulberry leaves
which are easy to digest according to its growth rate and contains all the substances
necessary for the growth of silkworms. Mulberry leaves given to young caterpillars
are rich in water content, not too hard, contain lots of carbohydrates, and protein to
speed things up growth of the caterpillar to the next instar.
The mother silkworm can lay about 500 eggs, depending on the breed. Round
and flat egg shape, about 1 mm wide, 1.3 mm long and 0.5 mm thick and weighs
about 0.5 mg. Their size and weight may vary depending on the breed and the
 environment in which they are born. Silkworm eggs take about 10 days to hatch. The
newly hatched larvae are black or dark brown with a length of about 3 mm and a
bodyweight of about 0.45 mg.

Rabbits
Rabbits have the same growth rate as broilers, within 56 days they can reach
1.8 kg of body weight, while the ideal daily weight gain of rabbits is 4-21 g /
head/day. The results of other studies showed that the daily body weight gain of
rabbits ranged from 11.46-17.29 g / head/rabbit. Young rabbits raised on forage, until
the age of four months, their live weight is only about 1.5 kg. If supplemented with
rice bran or grain feed, young rabbits as young as four months can reach an average
weight of 4 kg for New Zealand White, Californian, and other slaughtered rabbits.
The best feed conversion is obtained when the rabbit has a bodyweight of 1.8-
2 kg, which is 2-3 months old. New Zealand white has a white albino coat color
weighing up to 5 kilograms. This type of rabbit is very suitable for the rabbit farming
business, because of its rapid breeding, an average of about 10 to 12 children in one
birth. The Flemish Giant is characterized by various coat colors and long body shapes
and wide ears, it can weigh up to 10 kg.
The protein requirement in rabbits is around 12-18%. The highest protein
requirements occurred in the breastfeeding phase (18%) and the lowest when the
rabbits were adults (12%). The need for dry matter in rabbits is differentiated
according to the maintenance period. Young rabbits weighing 1.8-3.2 kg need dry
matter 112-173 g / head / day. Adult rabbits weighing 2.3-6.8 kg need 92-204 g of dry
matter / head / day. Pregnant mothers weighing 2.3-6.8 kg need dry matter 115- 251 g
/ head / day and nursing mothers weighing 4.5 kg with 7 children need dry matter 520
g / head / day. Active mating males require almost the same nutrients as breastfeeding
mothers, namely 520 g / head / day. Meanwhile, males who are inactive prior to
rejecting require lower nutrients.

Honey bees
Honey bee farming is carried out by developing bee colonies to produce more
honey. Honey bees are provided at home in the form of a wooden box to be used as a
nest. The beehive will contain honey as a result of honey bee cultivation. It takes
about 40 to 100 wooden boxes to be used as a nest for honey bee farming. Generally
the bees that are cultivated are mellifera bees which are known to produce quality
honey. The ideal temperature for a honey bee farm is below 25 degrees Celsius.

a. Apis cerana
Apis cerana is a honey bee that is widely distributed in Asia, including
in Afghanistan, China, Japan, and Indonesia. If the source of food and
water is sufficient, this honey bee can be harvested three times in 1 year
with honey production reaching 2-5 kg per year. Apis cerana honey bees
have less potential to be developed because in addition to their small
honey production compared to Apis mellifera honey bees, honey bees are
still relatively malignant.
b. Apis mellifera
Apis mellifera is a honey bee originating from Italy, but this type of
honey bee can adapt well to be developed in Indonesia. Apis mellifera
honey bees have a larger body size when compared to Apis cerana, have a
mild temper, and are very easy to cultivate. If the source of food and water
is sufficient, this type of honey bee can produce 35-40 kg of honey per
year per colony.
c. Apis Dorsata
Apis dorsata only develop in Asia, including in India, the Philippines,
China, and Indonesia, this type of honey bee is known as the natural honey
bee or forest honey bee. In Indonesia, this type of honey bee is spread
across the islands of Kalimantan, Sumatra, Maluku, Sulawesi, Irian Jaya,
West Nusa Tenggara, and East Nusa Tenggara. The honey production
produced by this type can reach 15-25 kg per year per colony.
d. Apis florea
Apis florea honey bees are scattered in the countries of Oman, Iran,
India, and Indonesia. In some places, this type of honey bee can live
together with the honey bees of the Apis cerana, Apis mellifera, and Apis
dorsata. Apis Florea honey bees can produce 1-3 kg of honey in one year
per colony.

The queen is in charge of leading and maintaining the harmony of bees

in a colony. All bees in one colony will obey the queen bee, wherever the
queen goes, one bee colony will follow it. In addition to leading the bee
colony, the queen bee has the responsibility to continue the survival of the
bee colony, namely by laying eggs throughout her life. Queen bees can lay
1500-2000 eggs every day, thus the number of members in the colony can
be maintained until the next queen change.

PROFILE OF MAKMUR RIVER GROUP

The Sumber Makmur Rabbit Livestock Group was founded on July
20, 1994 in Klabar Hamlet, Sumber Rejo Village, Ngablak District,
Megelang Regency. Kllasi is a hamlet located on the slopes of Mount
Merbabu with an altitude of 1300 mpdl. The area of Klabar hamlet is
58,070 ha consisting of Tegalan 53, 212 ha and yard 4,853 ha. Meanwhile,
there are 838 productive agricultural land, consisting of 406 men and 432
women with 201 heads of household consisting of 110 farmers as farmers,
52 farm workers and 39 heads of family.
Most of the people are vegetable farmers and also raise cattle, goats,
sheep, rabbits, etc. In addition, nearly 90% of the people of Klabar hamlet
make woven crafts from mendong as a side activity and to fill their spare
time. The income per capita of the people of Klabar hamlet is between
500-600 thousand / month,
In 2008 the Sumber Makmur group received a certificate from the
local government of Magelang Regency as an advanced class group. Until
now, the number of group members is 80 people, while the active ones are
53 people.
The group capital to date is Rp. 332,000, - which is obtained from
members' fees every Kliwon Sunday. With a total population of 908
rabbits consisting of 183 broods, 46 males and 679 chicks.
Group activities that have been carried out to date include routine
group meeting activities every Kliwon Sunday. Rabbit raising and
breeding, processing liquid and solid waste from rabbit livestock, making
rabbit hutches and providing medicines for rabbits.
In the organization of the Rabbit Cattle Group, they have joined the
Merbabu Rabbit Breeder Association, Ngablak District
 and the Magelang Regency Rabbit Breeders Association (PPKM). The
types of rabbits that are cultivated include the Flam, Rex, Lion and Spot
types.
For business development, the Sumber Makmur rabbit livestock
group has collaborated or partnerships with other parties including
cooperation in the field of buying and selling rabbits with Mr. Dani from
Salatiga City and also cooperation in the investment / capital sector with
Mr. Aryo also from the City of Salatiga who has planted capital of Rp.
10,000,000, - to the group for the development of a rabbit nursery. For the
marketing area, the Sumber Makmur group has now spread to various
regions, namely Magelang, Temanggung, Wonosobo, Gombong,
Jogjakarta, Kudus, Jakarta, East Java, namely Jombang and Malang and
even to the Island of the Gods, Bali. The current marketing production
capacity is around 100 heads / month, most of which are sold in the form
of tillers aged 35-45 days, at a price of Rp. 10,000 - 15,000 / head. The
Sumber Makmur group also received orders for rabbit cages with current
prices ranging from 50,000 - 75,000 / piece depending on the quality
requested.