PENJADWALAN SUMBER

DAYA PROYEK
Latar Belakang
 Hampir selalu lebih banyak proyek atau aktivitas
dibandingkan dengan sumber daya yang
tersedia
 Permasalahannya adalah bagaimana memilih
proyek yang memberikan kontribusi terbaik
terhadap tujuan perusahaan dengan kendala-
kendala sumber daya yang ada
 Jika penjadwalan proyek menggunakan
komputer, dampak dari adanya proyek yang
baru dengan cepat dapat dikenali
The Problem
 Will the assigned labor and/or equipment be
adequate and available to deal with my project?
 Will outside contractors have to be used?
 Do unforeseen resource dependencies exists?
Is there a new critical path?
 How much flexibility do we have in using
resources?
 Is the original deadline realistic?
 If another project is added to our ongoing and
planned projects, will it cause delays in my
project?
Types of Project Constraints
 Technical or logic constraints
 Usually address the sequence in which project
activities must occur.
 Resource constraints
 When the availability of resource lower than required
 Physical Constraints
 Ex : renovation of ship compartment might allow only
one person to perform an activity because of space
limitations.
Kinds of Resource Constraints

PEOPLE

EQUIPMENT MATERIAL

WORKING CAPITAL
Classification of Scheduling Problem

 Time Constrained
 Test : if the critical path is delayed, will resources
be added to get back on schedule?
 If the answer is yes, assume the project is time
constrained; if no, assume the project is resource
constrained.
 Resource Constrained
 The level of resource available cannot be
exceeded.
Priority Rules
 Minimum Slack
 Smallest Duration
 Lowest Activity Identification Number
Splitting/Multitasking

Activity duration without splitting

Activity A Activity B Activity C

Activity duration split into three segments—A, B, C

Activity A Activity B Activity C

Startup Shutdown

Activity duration split with shutdown and startup

Responsibility Matrix for a
Market Research Project
R = Responsible
S = Supports/assists Project team
Task Richard Dan Dave Linda Elizabeth
Identify target customers R S S
Develop draft questionnaire R S S
Pilot-test questionnaire R S
Finalize questionnaire R S S S
Print questionnaire R
Prepare mailing labels R
Mail questionnaires R
Receive and monitor returned questionnaires R S
Input response data R
Analyze results R S S
Prepare draft of report S R S S
Prepare final report R S
Responsibility Matrix for the Computer
Controlled Conveyor Belt Project

Organization
Design Develop- Documen- Assembly Testing Purchas- Quality Manufac-
Deliverables ment tation ing assurance turing
Architechural design 1 2 2 3 3
Hardware specifications 2 1 2 3
Kernal specifications 1 3 3
Utilities specification 2 1 3
Hardware design 1 3 3 3
Disk drivers 3 1 2
Memory management 1 3 3
Operating system documentation 2 2 1 3
Prototypes 5 4 1 3 3 3 4
Integrated acceptance test 5 2 2 1 5 5

Legend
1 Responsible 2 Support
3 Consult 4 Notification
5 Approval
Key Terms
 Heuristics
 Levelling/Smoothing
 Multitasking
 Resource-constrained projects
 Splitting
 Time-constrained projects
Review Questions
1. How does resource scheduling tie to project priority?
2. How does resource scheduling reduce flexibility in
managing projects?
3. Present six reasons scheduling resources is an
important task.
4. How can outsourcing project work alleviate the three
most common problems associated with multiproject
resource scheduling?
5. Explain the risks associated with levelling resources,
compressing or crashing projects, and imposed
duration or “catch-up” as the project being
implemented.