Method

This study follows a systematic literature review which identifies, selects and
critically appraises research in order to answer a clearly formulated question (Dewey, A.
& Drahota, A. 2016). The systematic review should follow a clearly defined protocol or
plan where the criteria is clearly stated before the review is conducted. It is a
comprehensive, transparent search conducted over multiple databases and grey
literature that can be replicated and reproduced by other researchers. It involves
planning a well thought out search strategy which has a specific focus or answers a
defined question. The review identifies the type of information searched, critiqued and
reported within known timeframes. Pittway (2008) outlines seven key principles behind
systematic literature reviews Transparency, Clarity, Integration, Focus, Equality,
Accessibility, Coverage.

A literature review is a study that attempts to collect all existing evidence on a

specific topic in order to answer a specific research question. Authors create criteria for
deciding on which evidence is included or excluded before starting the systematic
review. This helps reduce the risk of bias and makes its findings more reliable.
Systematic reviews should: clearly state objectives with an explicit and reproducible
methodology; attempt to identify all studies that meet the eligibility criteria through a
detailed search strategy; assess the validity of the findings of the included studies; and
synthesize the studies' findings in a systematic way (Moher D. 2009)
The importance of systematic literature review can be condensed into an
analytical feature to enable the multifold reach of its significance.  It adds value to the
legitimacy of the research in many ways: Provides the interpretation of existing literature
in light of updated developments in the field to help in establishing the consistency in
knowledge and relevancy of existing materials; It helps in calculating the impact of the
latest information in the field by mapping their progress of knowledge; It brings out the
dialects of contradictions between various thoughts within the field to establish facts;
The research gaps scrutinized initially are further explored to establish the latest facts of
theories to add value to the field; Indicates the current research place in the schema of
a particular field; Provides information for relevancy and coherency to check the
research; Apart from elucidating the continuance of knowledge, it also points out areas
that require further investigation and thus aid as a starting point of any future research;
Justifies the research and sets up the research question; Sets up a theoretical
framework comprising the concepts and theories of the research upon which its success
can be judged; Helps to adopt a more appropriate methodology for the research by
examining the strengths and weaknesses of existing research in the same field;
Increases the significance of the results by comparing it with the existing literature; The
more the reference of relevant sources of it could increase more of its trustworthiness
with the readers; Helps to evaluate, condense and synthesize gist in the author’s own
words to sharpen the research focus; Helps to compare and contrast to  show the
originality and uniqueness of the research than that of the existing other researches;
Rationalizes the need for conducting the particular research in a specified field; Helps to
collect data accurately for allowing any new methodology of research than the existing
ones (Pubrica 2019).

The following keywords were used: Effectiveness of different teaching strategies

used by BTVTED instructors, The limited number of papers may have been attributed to
the limited number of days for retrieving and reviewing researches relevant to the topic.
Hence, more relevant researches may possibly undergo for review which could be
included in this study.

APPROACH DESCRIPTION
Qualitative Approach Content analysis of the selected articles.
Quantitative Approach A quantitative characterization of the selected
publications.
Mixed Method Quantitative and qualitative data within a single
investigation
 CRITERIA Inclusion Exclusion
Topic Effectiveness of different All non-related to different
BTVTED teaching BTVTED teaching
strategies strategies
Keyword “BTVTED Teaching All non-related to BTVTED
Strategies” teaching strategies
Geographic Location Studies from any
geographical location
Document Type Previous Researches Researches that are not
accessible
Publication date 2000 to present lower than 2000
Types of Participants BTVTED teachers Non BTVTED teachers
Language English Non- English

The main consideration in the selection of researches as included in the inclusion

criteria are researches that include original qualitative and quantitative studies. These
were counted in due to the difficulty of gaining access to databases. It could have been
finer if the researches from valid publications or those that have undergone a peer
review process were included.
After ensuring that the research articles meet the above cited criteria, the quality
of the papers were further evaluated for the selection of the final papers to be included
in the review identified. At this phase, the criteria used in evaluating a scientific paper
were considered. The papers should have at least the generally accepted structure of a
scientific paper sectioned as: introduction, methods, results/findings and discussions
(Sharp, 2002).
A repertory grid was also used to plot the research questions, the repertory
grid is an interviewing technique which uses nonparametric factor analysis to determine
an idiographic measure of personality (Kelly 1955). Data contained in a repertory grid
are highly structured, and multiple repertory grids can be gathered, analyzed, combined,
and compared (Xiangmin and Chignell 2001) using Web-based or stand-alone
elicitation and analysis tools (Shaw and Gaines 1996; Verlinden and Coenders 2000).
Researchers can create maps or diagrams from this structured analysis in a simple and
straightforward manner (Verlinden and Coenders 2000). The researchers used
repertory grid technique because it is useful and powerful method for analyzing and it is
also a way to determine the gaps in the researches that were conducted.

General topics and researches on BTVTEd teaching strategies were also

reviewed to further understand the concept of autonomy learning but not as the major
literature in the systematic review done.