Appendix

QUESTIONS
1.What is the pH of a solution where the hydrogen ion Concentration is 10–3 M ?

H+ = 3.0 x 10–3
 pH = -log [H+]

pH = -log ( 3.0 x 10–3 )

pH = 2.5229

2.In NaOH solution [ OH– ] is 2.9 x 10-4 M. Calculate the pH of the solution.

Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 X 10-14

= 1.0 X 10-14 / 2.9 x 10-4 M  
= 3.4483 x 10-11

 pH = -log [H+]

pH = -log ( 3.4483 x 10-11 )

pH = 10.4624

3.Strong acids dissociate completely to H+ ions in aqueous solutions . Examples of strong acids
are HNO3.
HNO3 + H2O H3O+ + NO3 –
Calculate the pH of HNO3. 0.001 M.

HNO3. = H+
H+ = 0.001 M
 pH = -log [H+]

pH = -log ( 0.001)

pH = 3.0
4.Conversely, weak acid do not dissociate completely to H+ ions in aqueous solutions. All
organic acids are weak acids. Example is nitrous acid,
 HNO2 + H2O H3O+ + NO2-
pKa and pH of 0.01 M nitrous Calculate acid,  HNO2. ( Ka = 5.1 x 10-4 M ) .

pKa = -log Ka
= -log ( 5.1 x 10-4 M )
= 3.2924

 pH = -log [H+]

pH = -log ( 0.01 )

pH = 2.00