SYNOPSIS

Cancer prevention and screening of older adults

In Partial Fulfilment of Requirements

For the Award of Degree of
Doctor of Physical Therpay

Department of Physical Therapy, Superior University

Lahore-Pakistan
 Cancer prevention and screening of older adults
in Patients of Myocardial Infarction

DOCTOR OF PHYSICALTHERAPY

SYNOPISIS
SUBMITTED BY TO
DR HAFIZ SHERAZ ARSHAD
SUBMITTED BY
Name : Quratulain Tariq
Roll Number : DPTM-F15-075
 SUPERVISOR
Dr Hafiz Sheraaz

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL
THERAPY SUPERIOR
UNIVERSITY LAHORE
SUPERVISOR SYNOPSIS APPROVAL FORM
DOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPY
AZRA NAHEED MEDICAL COLLEGE SUPERIOR UNIVERSITY
LAHORE

Area of Research Project

Cancer Tissues and Cells in older adults

Statement of Student Interest and Availibility (how you are interested and how
data will be available in your vicinity)

Current Work Setting

Chaudhry Muhammad Akran Research & Teaching Hospital

Statement of Supervisor Interest and Availibility (how interested of

Supervisor is related to his/her practical experience or current work situation and how
he/she will be available for your Research)

Title of The Research

Association of postural hypotention with sedentary life style upper

class of lahore
Ritionale of the Research (what benefits will your Research give to the Humanity)

Name of Research Supervisor Signature: Date:

Dr Hafiz Sheraaz 14-01-2021

Submitted for: Discipline: Physiotherapy

DPT
Name of the Applicant: Date of Birth

Quratulain Tariq 008-08-1995

Nationality: NIC #:

Pakistani
Address:

Model Coperative Housing Society, H#80, C Block, Okara City

Phone #:0321-6843348 Email: annietariq6240@gamil.com
Practical Experience: (Wards/OPDs Attended , Most Recent To

Earlier)

Name of institution, where applicant is currently studying

Department of Physical Therapy Superior University Lahore

Name of Head of Department Signature: Date:

Dr Hafiz Sheraz Arshad

Project Summary
This study is about the prevention of cancer and screening of older adults to prevent

cancer. Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without

control and can invade other tissues. Cancer cells can spread to the other parts of the

body through the blood and lymph system. Advancing age is most Important risk

factor for cancer overall. One-quarter of new cancer cases are diagnosed in people

aged 65-74. As we age there is more time for damage in our cells to buildup and more

chance that some of this damage might lead to cancer. This doesn't mean that you will

definitely get cancer. The aim of the study is to prevent cancer in older adults. For

this, the methods or the set of steps will be taken in which prevention of cancer and

screening of adults will be done and how they are facing the difficulties. This study

will provide an appropriate overview for further guidelines and precautions that

would be taken by cancer patients and older adults and will suggest that which factors

should be avoided in this regards.

Effect of postural hypotension on sedentary life style of upper

class population in Lahore

CHAPTER NO1: Introduction

Cancer is uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells anywhere in the body. These

abnormal cells are termed cancer cells, malignant cells or tumor cells. These cells can

infiltrate normal body tissues. Many cancer and abnormal cells that compose the

cancer tissues are further identified by the name of that the abnormal cells originated

from for example breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer. Cancer cells can break
away from there original mass of cells, travel through the blood and lymph systems,

and lodge in other organs where they can again repeat the uncontrolled growth cycle.

This process of cancer cells leaving and growing in another part of body is termed as

metastatic spread or metastasis. Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. It

accounted for 8.2 million deaths. Deaths from cancer worldwide are projected to

continue raising, with an estimated 13.1 million deaths in 2030 (about a 70%

increase)

Mains symptoms of postural hypotension:

 Lazy behaviour

 Pain in head

 Nausea

 Dizziness

 Weak eye sight

 Unconsciousness

 Pain in legs sometimes

 Dementia

 Loss of thinking ability

*Signs and symptoms of cancer*

》Persistent cough or blood-tinged saliva

》A change in bowel or bladder habits

》Blood in the stool

》Hoarseness

》Unexplained anemia (low blood count)

》Breast lump or breast discharge

》lumps in testicles

》A change in urination

》Blood in the urine

》Persistent lumps or swollen glands

》obvious change in a wart or a mole

》Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing

》unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge

》unexpected weight loss, night sweats or fever

Causes of cancer

*Smoking and tobacco

*diet and physical activity

*sun and other types of radiation

*viruses and other infections

*Risk factors of cancer*

*age

*habits

*family history

*health condition

*environment

*How to prevent cancer*

*don't use tobacco

*eat healthy diet

*maintain a healthy weight and be physically active

*protect your self from sun and radiations

*get vaccination

*avoide risky behaviour

*get regular medical care

*Cancer screening or Diagnosing*

Diagnosing cancer at its earliest stages often provides the best chance for

a cure.

Doctor may diagnose cancer by:

*physical exam
*laboratory test

*imaging test

*biopsy

Cancer treatments

*surgery

*chemotherapy

*radiation therapy

*bone marrow transplant

*immunotherapy

*hormone therapy

*targeted drug therapy

*clinical trials

CHAPTER NO 2: Literature review

The reported studies suggested that the less physical activities make life lazy and

create gaps in the life styles of upper class people of Lahore. Sedentary life style has

the direct relation with the postural hypotension that is affecting the life of the many

people for so many reasons. (Kalra, Raina et al. 2020)

In 2019, one case study reported that 50% of the upper class population of Lahore is

getting through this epidemic and condition while sitting idle for no reason, making

work only by some hours and due to this postural hypotension is getting involved in

life styles.(Juraschek, Simpson et al. 2019)

In 2018, the reported study suggested that there are some risk factors that are

associated with postural hypotension such as heart stroke, diabetes and aging factor.

(Citko, Górski et al. 2018)

In 2017, the studies combined the balanced diet is identified as the prevention for this

postural hypotension. (Ma, Li et al. 2017)

In 2016, a case study was conducted to get the information about the lead class gentry

of the Pakistan through distributing the questionnaire and then input the data in the

databases.

In 2015, simple study is reported as to find out the link between hypotension,

hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases with the sedentary life style of

upper families of Karachi. (Zia, Kamaruzzaman et al. 2015)

CHAPTER NO 3: OBJECTIVES
*Literature review*
Older adults often have multiple chronic conditions that may decrease additional life
expetancy. The benefits and harms of screening must include potentially increased
harms of screening and patient preferences. (E Eckstrom, DH Feny, LC Walter, LA
perdue 2013)
Frail older adults don't always profit from screening. Older individuals usually have
less physiological and greater comorbidity. (AM Clarfield 2010)
Considerable uncertainty exists about the use of cancer screening tests in older adults.
Individualized cancer screening decision in older patients may be more useful. (LC
Walter, KE Covinsky 2001)
There is general consensus that screening can reduce mortality from colorectal, breast,
cervical cancer among persons in their 50s and 60s. Few trials included person in their
70s. (LC Walter, CL Lewis, MB Barton 2005)
A total of 1237 participants aged 50 and older who reported having made one or more
cancer screening decision in the past 2 years completed 1454 cancer screening
modules for breast, prostate and colorectal screening
Of all module respondents, 9.8% reported plans to stop screening, 12.6% for breast,
6.0% for prostate, and 9.5% for colon cancer
(Carme L Lewis, Mick P Couper, A levin 2010)

CHAPTER NO 4: Material and methods

*Material and methods*

° *Study design*

The study design for this research is analytical cross sectional and this

type of study is also called as cohort study.

*Setting*

The data for this study is collected from older people living in Lahore.

*Study population*

Older adults of age 50 to 70.

*Duration*

This study will take about 3-5 months.

*Sample size*

Sample size for this study is 10 groups and in every group 5 persons are

included.

*Sampling technique*

Convenient sample collecting technique will be used for this research.

*Eligibility criteria*

• Age more than 50.Study design

The study design for this research is analytical cross sectional and this type of study is

also called as cohort study.

Setting

The data for this study is collected from politicians and the people living in DHA,

Bahria Town and lead class students of the university.

Study population

Upper class population of Lahore

Duration:

This study will take about 3-5 months.

Sample size

Sample size for this study is 10 groups and in every group 5 persons are included.

Sampling technique

Convenient sample collecting technique will be used for this research.

Eligibility criteria:

 Inclusion criteria:

Politicians, rich gentry of porch areas etc

 Exclusion criteria:

Age more than 50, heart diseases patients, diabetic patients, pre-operative

patients.
 CHAPTER NO 5: Data collection procedure

Following are the steps that will be taken in the research:

1- Data retrieval from specific databases to get previous information.

2- Document all the questions in the questionnaires

3- Signature from the informed consent

4- Select different groups with different associated factors

5- Collection of data

6- Analysis through the gathered information

7- Statistical analysis through tools

8- Comparing the data with previous ones

9- Results elucidations
Statistical analysis

*stastical analysis*

SRP has developed new statistical methods and associated software tools for

the analysis and

reporting of cancer statistics. Different methods and software are available for

calculating

incidence, mortality, survival, prevalence, and spatial statistics. SEER*Stat

contains a suite of

tools for the analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results

(SEER) and other

cancer-related databases. Methods associated with the reporting of basic

cancer statistics are

added directly to SEER*Stat. Methods involving complex modeling are

developed as separate

applications, and several can read data generated from SEER*Stat.

SEER*Stat software has various session types, each designed for specific

calculations:

1. Frequency session: Generates the number of records stratified

by any variable in a database;

2. Rate session: Calculates disease incidence and mortality rates;

 3. Survival session;

4. Prevalence session;

5. MP-SIR statistics session;

6. Case listing session: Allows users to view the values of

variables for individual cases

(records).

CHAPTER NO 6: Outcome

Survival is the most important outcome of cancer treatment. An improvement

in atleast disease free survival is prerequisite for recommending adjuvant

therapy. In this case treatment can be recommended even without an

improvement in survival, if it improves quality of life.

Plan of work:

Expected date
Synopsis submission and approval 25 December 2020
Literature review 10 January 2021
Data collection 1 February 2021
Data analysis and results 15 February 2021
Final compilation of Research Project 30 February 2021
Research Project submission March 2021

Appendix-II

Questionnaire
 1- Name ……

2- Gender …..

3- Age…….

4- Weight ……

5- Height ……

6- Normal Blood pressure……

7- Normal diet…..

8- Postural hypotension attacks……..

9- Physical activities……

References:

SEER*Stat software has various session types, each designed for specific

calculations:

1. Frequency session: Generates the number of records

stratified by any variable in a database;

2. Rate session: Calculates disease incidence and mortality

rates;

3. Survival session;

4. Prevalence session;

5. MP-SIR statistics session;

6. Case listing session: Allows users to view the values of

variables for individual cases

(records).