CCN_LAB_NO #2

LABORATORY MANUAL
Computer Engineering Department

COMPUTER COMMUNIACTION NETWORK_ LAB_NO# 2

Submitted by:

MUHAMMAD WALEED KHAN_(45342)

Date: 12/6/2020

Instructor:

ENGR. NAJEEBULLAH

Department of Telecom Engineering,

Faculty of Information & Communication Technology,
BUITEMS, Quetta.

Session Spring – 2020

Page 1 of 8
 CCN_LAB_NO #2

LAB NO 2: “Static Routing”

Objectives:
 Understanding the functionality of Cisco Packet Tracer
 Communication between different network using static routing

Theory:

Routing

Routing is the process of moving a packet of data from source to destination. Routing is usually
performed by a dedicated device called a router. Routing is the process of selecting a path for
traffic in a network or between or across multiple networks. Broadly, routing is performed in
many types of networks, including circuit-switched networks, such as the public switched
telephone network (PSTN), and computer networks, such as the Internet.

 Static Routing
 Dynamic Routing

What is Static Routing?

Static routing is the most secure way of routing. It reduces overhead from network resources.
In this type of routing we manually add routes in routing table.

Static routers are generally used in smaller networks that contain only a couple of routers or
when security is an issue. Each static router must be configured and maintained separately
because static routers do not exchange routing information with each other.

Figure 1: Static
Routing

Page 2 of 8
 CCN_LAB_NO #2

LAB TASK: “To establish a communication between different networks using

static routing.”

Apparatus:
 PC/laptop
 Cisco Packet Tracer

Procedure:

Firstly we have to create a topology like this:

Figure 2: Static Routing Environment

Page 3 of 8
 CCN_LAB_NO #2

After that we will be assigning IP addresses to each router using its respective CLI (command
line interface)

Figure 3: Assigning IP Address to Router 1

First we will be enabling the router after that we will be entering into the configure mode. Afterwards
we will be assigning them their IP address and their espective Subnet Masks.

The above is for Router No#1 following illsutrations are for Router #2 and Router #3 respectively.

Page 4 of 8
 CCN_LAB_NO #2

Figure 4: Assigning IP Address to Router 2

Figure 5: Assigning IP Address to Router 3

Page 5 of 8
 CCN_LAB_NO #2

Now in order to establish a successful connection between Routers we have to inform the Routers
about their neighboring Routers via CLI commands which are as following:

Figure 6: Informing Router 1 about neighboring Routers

After notifying the Routers about their neighboring Routers we thus will have a successful
establishment of connections and of course you have to assign the IP addresses to the respective end
devices connected.

Subsequently we will have a triumphant connection we thus can check whether or not there is
successful delivery of our packages or not across the network or not.

Figure 7: Successful delivery of Packages across the network

Page 6 of 8
 CCN_LAB_NO #2

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Q1: What is the difference between static and dynamic routing?

ANS:
Static Routing is also known as non-adaptive routing which doesn’t change routing table unless the
network administrator changes or modify them manually. Static routing does not use complex routing
algorithms and It provides high or more security than dynamic routing.

Dynamic routing is also known as adaptive routing which change routing table according to the change in
topology. Dynamic routing uses complex routing algorithms and it does not provide high security like static
routing.

Q2: What are the advantages of static routing?

ANS:
 Minimal CPU/Memory overhead
 No bandwidth overhead (updates are not shared between routers).
 Granular control on how traffic is routed.

Q3: What is network ID, subnet mask, IP address, mac address?

ANS:
A MAC address is a device’s “physical” address. It’s hard-coded to the network card from the
manufacturer. Represented by a 12-digit, hexadecimal number, every device in the world has a unique
MAC address.

The IP address is a virtual address and it changes depending on the network your device connects to, or
even every time you reboot your computer. Years ago, you kept the same IP address on your computer,
but now IP addresses are usually dynamically assigned. Some websites always have the same IP address,
called a Static IP Address.

Subnet masks. Every IPv4 address has a network portion and a host portion. These parts are defined by
the subnet mask that is assigned to the address. A common subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 tells us the
first three octets of the address denote the network portion and the last octet denotes the host portion
of the address. With an address of 192.158.3.4 with a 255.25.255.0 mask; 192.168.3.0 is the network
and the last octet, .4, is a host on that network.

Page 7 of 8
 CCN_LAB_NO #2

The network ID is the network portion of an IP address. For a class A network, the network address is
the first byte of the IP address. For a class B network, the network address is the first two bytes of the
IP address. For a class C network, the network address is the first three bytes of the IP address. In each
case, the remainder is the host address.

Conclusion:

By the end of this Lab we are able to statically assign the IP address to any (Network Devices)
such as: Routers, Hubs etc.

In configuring a static route, the command Ip route is used, followed by the network you
intend to reach from the local router, then the subnet mask of the network, then, the gateway
to reach the network. The gateway must be reachable from the router on which the static
route is being configured and it must also have connectivity to the destination network being
advertised.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Page 8 of 8