Arquitetura de Rede e Tecnologias Chaves

5G Network Architecture and Key
Technologies
Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Foreword
l 5G poses new requirements for key network capabilities. Wireless network
and air interface are one of the most important criteria for achieving 5G
network.
l In this course, we will discuss about:

p What are the key capabilities of the 5G network?
p To meet these key capabilities, what are the changes in the 5G network
architecture and air interface? What key technologies are introduced?
Page 1 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. 5G Business Scenarios and Key Capabilities
2. 5G Network Architecture and Key Technologies
5G Vision and Key Performance
IMT-2020 vs. IMT-Advanced
ITU's Description of IMT2020 Vision Comparison Between Key Performance Indicators
10Gbit/s
eMBB Peak rate (Gbit/s)
(Enhanced MBB) User experience rate
10 Gbit/s IMT-2020 (100Mbit/s)
Regional traffic
capability Spectral
(10Mbps/m2) efficiency
3x
100X
Network power
IMT- Mobility
consumption
mMTC uRLLC efficiency Advanced (500km/h)
(Massive Machine (Ultra-Reliable Low-
devices/km2
Type Communication) Latency Communication) 1M Connection density 1 ms
1 million 1ms (Equipment/km2) Delay
connection per
square km
Source: ITU R. M.[ IMT.VISION]
Important Highlights on 5G
1 ms 10 Gbps 1 million 500 Slicing

E2E delay Per connection Connection Km/h Ability
2
Per km High-speed train Required
New architecture New air interface
Multiple network slices of a physical New technologies are introduced to provide

network to adapt to different industries. higher throughput, higher frequency efficiency,
lower latency, and stronger coverage.
Contents
1. 5G Business Scenarios and Key Capabilities
2. 5G Network Architecture and Key Technologies
New Architecture
Core Network Bearer Network Wireless Network
Architecture Architecture Architecture
5G Networking Scenario
NSA (Non-standalone networking) Standalone (SA)
5G
EPC EPC
CORE
S1 S1
NG-C NG-U
LTE 5G NR
LTE 5G NR
Control plane
Control plane User plane
User plane
• eMBB is supported. • Supports eMBB/uRLLC/mMTC and network

• LTE is the anchor point, and the 4G core slicing.
network is reused to quickly introduce 5G NR. • 5G core needs to be build.
• The 5G is overlaid on the 4G network without • High requirements for continuous coverage
providing continuous coverage. of 5G
SA Networking
l 5G network consists of the following
components:
NGC p Wireless network: NR (New RAN)
AMF/UPF AMF/UPF p Core network: NGC (Next Generation Core)
l 5G wireless network interfaces include:

Xn
NG-C/U
NG-C/U p
p NG-C (control panel)

NG-
C/U
NG-U (user plane)

NG-
C/U
Xn NG-RAN
gNB gNB p Uu (radio air interface)
Xn
Xn
gNB
NGC Vs EPC
EPC NE function Corresponding NGC NF

MME Mobility management AMF
User authentication AUSF
Session management SMF
PDN-GW Session management
User plane data forwarding UPF
SGW User plane data forwarding
PCRF QoS policy and charging rules PCF
HSS User profile database UDM
Service Oriented Core Network Architecture

Support All Access Modes
2/3/4/5 G Voice communication
Support All Services

Wi-Fi SOC Video service
(Service-oriented core network)

NB-IoT Autopilot
Flexible Programmable Smart

Fixed Industrial manufacturing
architecture capability pipe
Smart city
Indirect Native
CUPS SBA Slicing
Cloud
Telemedicine
Unlicensed
Why Network Slicing is Required in 5G?

4G network
Service/Device Business/Industry
4G network: Voice, text,
and Internet access Voice,
Mobile broadband -- 20
Internet
4G Gbit/s
access
network Low latency & high reliability - 4G
Automatic
- <1ms network driving
NB-IoT 1m connection/km2 Smart water

meter
Sliced
5G network: Voice/Internet access,
Internet of Things (IoT), low latency, high 5G network
reliability, etc. Service/Device Business/Industry
Voice and Mobile broadband -- 20 Voice, Internet
Internet access access
Gbit/s
Automatic Low latency and high 5G Automatic
driving reliability -- <1ms network driving
Smart NB-IoT 1m connection/km2 Smart water

water meter meter
Through Slicing to Meet Diversified Business

Requirements
Core Network Programmable Function Set
SOC-UP user plane SOC-CP control plane
TCP Encryption Registration Mobile Security Service QoS
Codec SA acceleration management management
Video Web User data Application
Cache Reliability Authentication Route Policy control
optimization acceleration management Functions
SOC-UP SOC-CP
Voice slicing
99.9999% Reliability Reliability APP server Security QoS
IOV slicing SOC-UP SOC-CP

Mobile
1-5ms delay Reliability V2X server management QoS
4K video Video
SOC-UP SOC-CP
~10Gbps VR Server QoS
optimization
Smart meter reading Service Meter

slicing management Server
Millions of connections
EdgeDC
Edge DC Local
Local DC
DC Central DC
SOC: Service Oriented Core
CUPS Improves User Experience and Network

Efficiency
2G/3G/4G Core Network 5G Core Network
Central DC:
50 ms 5 ms • Centralized signaling
CP plane, simplify O&M
AMF/SMF/UDM/NRF/A • Service-oriented
USF/NEF... architecture facilitates
agile O&M.
PS-GW/MME/
PCRF/HSS
Local DC:
Up
• Traffic localization
Charging,anchor CDN
• Seamless mobile service
anchor
Up Up APP Edge DC:

(ULCL) (ULCL) Server • Improve user experience
• Native MEC capability
1 Gbps/Site 10 Gbps/Site
MEC (Mobile Edge Computing)

2 Video Optimization
SMF/AMF/UDM
3 Enhanced Reality Core/ Internet UPF-
/NRF/PCF...
Region Anchor
MEC 7 scenarios 1 Enterprise Distribution

(Defined by ETSI)
UPF MEC-APP
UL MEP
3 IOV Aggrega CL
1 Application localization MEC
tion
2 Content regionalization
3 Edge computing 3 IoT

UPF MEC-APP
UL MEP
Video Stream
Access CL
MEC
2 Analysis
3
Auxiliary Sensitive Calculation MEC Networking
Architecture
5G Layer 3 Backhaul to Network Edge- Flexible

Connection
Core Core
Network Network
Layer L3 network Layer L3 network

bearer to aggregation Layer 3 Layer 3
bearer to the
/ core
edge
High Latency Low Latency
Lower CA Gain Higher CA Gain Layer 3
Layer 2 Traffic detour
NR NR NR NR
Xn X2
NR
NR LTE LTE
Traffic forwarding path for the Traffic forwarding path for

L2 + L3 solution L3 to network edge
Flex-Eth Realizes Network Slicing

Cloud VPN V2X Mobile data service IoT l
Management plane
Each fragment has an independent
ü
Slice Management configuration, management, and

maintenance view.
Each segment resource can be flexibly
ü
Network Cloud Engine
Core adjusted as required.
transmission Network Slicing Management
RAN Network
Controller Slice A Slice B Slice C
Controller
Virtual & Physical Network Resource
l
Control plane
Management ü
Each fragment has an independent
VPN (Soft Pipe) Assigned as per Customer control resource and control protocol.
Network Slice (Hard Pipe) Assigned as per Application The logical topology is independent of
each other.
eMBB Service ID1
Dynamically creates, modifies, and
ü
Slice A
deletes fragments.
Service ID2
URLLC Slice B Service ID3
Service ID4 l
Data plane
mMTC Slice C Service ID5 ü
Hard pipe fragmentation implements
Flex-Eth Flex-Eth Flex-Eth Flex-Eth
isolation of different test cases.
GW-UP
ü
The soft pipe is used to differentiate user
Router Router levels.
Wireless Cloud RAN Evolution

D-RAN C-RAN Cloud RAN
Conventional BBU centralized RAN-CU functions are deployed in the cloud DC,
deployment mode, deployment, improve better traffic distribution, edge computing, and
simple deployment baseband coordination intelligent O&M
Cloudification RAN-CU
After the CU/DU is
deployed separately, it
IP
has higher reliability
requirements to avoid
Aggregation BBU
single point of failure.
（Compact） DU
BBU DU
CPRI/eCPRI
Site
CPRI/eCPRI
CPRI/eCPRI CPRI/eCPRI
DU+RU
Antenna
RU/AAU RU/AAU RU/AAU
5G flexible networking supports

Early stage of 5G deployment
various requirements
D-RAN：Distributed Radio Access Network C-RAN：Centralized Radio Access Network
CU Deployment Solution
Option1
• Advantage: Higher control
Edge/Local DC CU processing, resource sharing
(The number of mounted • Disadvantage: Higher latency,
sites is ~>100X.) not suitable for delay sensitive
services
Option2
• Advantage: Closer to users

Ethernet CU and shorter latency
• Disadvantage: Resources
Central Equipment DU cannot be shared in large
Room Ethernet scale, equipment room
(The number of needs to be reconstructed
mounted sites is ~10X.) Ethernet to deploy COTS server.
DU DU
CPRI/eCPRI CPRI/eCPRI CPRI/eCPRI

Site
Antenna&RRU
New Air Interface
New Air Interface Technology
High-level
adjustment
Large
bandwidth Massive MIMO
New
Mobile Air Interface IoT
Internet
Uplink and downlink Polar/LDPC Code

decoupling
Flexible frame structure F-OFDM
The new air interface can flexibly adapt to various services, supporting higher rate
and higher spectral efficiency
5G Spectrum- Sub 6G & mm Wave
Sub6G mm wave
Mainly on 3.5GHz Mainly on 28/39/60/73GHz
Sub-3G Visible
light
1 2 3 4 5 6 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
GHz
Main Spectrum for 5G Extended Spectrum for 5G
l 5G Frequency Range (FR) defined in 3GPP:

p FR1: Sub6G Hz, include: sub 3G Hz and C-band
p FR2: mm Wave, 5G extended spectrum resources
Large Bandwidth
LTE 5G FR1 FR2
5M 50M
1.4
10M 100M
3M
15M 150M
5M
20M 200M
10M
25M 400M
15M
40M
20M 50M
60M
80M
100M
l Large bandwidth is a typical feature of 5G.

p Maximum cell bandwidth of a Sub6G cell is 100 MHz
p Maximum cell bandwidth of a millimetre wave cell is 400 MHz
p The bandwidth below 20 MHz is defined to meet the requirements of the existing spectrum
evolution.
Discussion of China Unicom 5G Target
Network Spectrum
Service
5G eMBB main layer C-band
2C Consumption
(100M 64T64R) Upgrade
5G coverage layer L1.8+UL2.1

4G MBB capacity layer (2x55M dense urban areas 4T4R/ Service
common urban areas 2T2R) 2B industry
upgrade
Basic cover layer 900M: CloudAIR G/U/L/N concurrent (2x11M 2T4R)
Rural/ Common Dense urban Common Suburban/

suburban urban areas areas urban areas rural areas
areas
C-Band Coverage Performance
Uplink and downlink coverage of C-band in typical scenarios (64T64R, TDD 3:1 Indoor Scenario)
DL UL
Uplink and downlink rate (M)
750
Urban Area 10/1Mbps_ U
300
600
Urban Area 50/5Mbps_ U
200
Dense 300
Urban Area 10/1Mbps_ DU
110
Dense 250
50/5Mbps_ DU
Urban Area 70
Coverage Distance (m)
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Uplink and Downlink Decoupling (SUL)
• SUL is a technology to compensate the C- • The uplink coverage problem can be effectively
Band’s short uplink coverage compensated by switching the uplink
• Compared with downlink coverage, the C band transmission to the 1.8G.
has a coverage gap of 13.7 dB.
UL Enhanced
SUL: Supplementary UpLink
Challenges of mm Wave Deployment
160 70
150
Path loss Penetration loss
60
140
Gap:18dB Coated glass
130 50
120
40
110
100
Gap:18dB Gap:11dB
30
Standard multi-layer glass
90
20
80
Gap:5dB
70 10
60
20 60 100 140 180 220 260 300 340 380 420 460 500 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
3.5GHz LOS 28GHz LOS High loss Low loss Frequency (GHz)
NLOS path loss path loss Penetration 3.5GHz 28GHz

(Distance) 3.5GHz(dB) 28GHz(dB) Loss
100m 103 121 Standard Glass 13 18
300m 121 139 Coated Glass 27 38
500m 130 148 NLOS: NLOS path loss
Modulation Technology -QAM Modulation
LTE 5G
64QAM 256QAM
QPSK, 16QAM, and QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
Uplink
64QAM 256QAM
QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM,

Downlink
256QAM 256QAM
l 5G is compatible with the LTE modulation mode. In addition,

256
256QAM
64QAM
the (256QAM) is introduced in the downlink, which is higher
16QAM
QPSK than the LTE modulation technology. This further improves the
spectral efficiency.
l The maximum modulation technology of the current protocol
Each symbol of 256QAM can carry
version is 256QAM.
eight bits of information.
MIMO Principles
l Massive MIMO(multiple-input multiple-output): Large-scale antenna array
By using antenna weighting method to control the antenna arrays, thereby

further improves the wireless coverage.
Massive MIMO Gain
l Array gain: Increase the number of antennas to achieve higher array gains and improve coverage.
l Beamforming gain: Beamforming is enabled in both horizontal and vertical directions to improve
coverage and number of users.
l Multiplexing gain: A maximum of 16 data streams are supported, improving the system throughput.
Spatial multiplexing to support more users
l Diversity gain: By increasing the number of antennas to form more data space transmission paths,
improving data transmission reliability.
NR Massive MIMO Gain - Broadcast
Beamforming
l Traffic channel: l Broadcast channel:
p High-gain narrow beam p High-gain narrow
p Dynamic adjustment of the beam
beamforming direction p Scenario-based beam

scanning
The gNodeB uses multiple antennas to receive the PUSCH data, improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and stability of received signals
Higher Spectral Efficiency- Channel Coding
l The concerns of Channel Coding selection:
p Performance: Error correction capability and coding rate
p Efficiency: Complexity level and energy efficiency

p Flexibility: Length of coder, support of IR-HARQ…
l Turbo Code:
p Good performance, but low efficiency for high speed
l LDPC (Low Density Parity Check Code) for eMBB Data

Channel Turbo LDPC Polar
Low speed
p Low complexity, good for high speed service (parallel Performance
Low speed
processing) Efficiency
For mMTC and uRLLC, High speed
l Polar Code (used in control channel) Performance
channel coding is not
High speed
p Good Performance for small data block yet determined
Efficiency
F-OFDM Improves Spectral Efficiency
10% guard band <10% guard band
l The 5G air interface introduces a better filtering technology to reduce the guard
bandwidth requirement and improve the frequency utilization
Frequency usage (Sub 6G is used as an example)

Subcarrier System bandwidth
spacing
(kHz) 15 MHz 20 MHz 40 MHz 60 MHz 80 MHz 100 MHz
15 94.8% 95.4%
30 91.8% 95.4% 97.2% 97.65% 98.28%
60 97.2%
OFDM: Filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Flexible Air Interface -Numerology
Structure of a subframe (1ms)
15k TTI=1ms
(TTI=1ms) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 … 13
TTI=0.5ms TTI
30k
(TTI=0.5ms) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 …
TTI=0.25ms TTI=0.25ms …
60K
（TTI=0.25ms） 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 …
0.5ms 0.5ms
Numerology: a flexible frame format which is SCS Frequency Range Data channel SCS
(SubCarrier Spacing, bandwidth) in NR and its <1GHz 15kHz, 30kHz
flexible configuration on parameters such as 1-6GHz 15kHz, 30kHz, 60kHz
symbol length and CP length. >6GHz 60kHz, 120kHz
Self-contained Slot
l In NR, there are two special slot structures, which are called self-contained timeslots. The
purpose of the design is to shorten the RTT delay of uplink and downlink data
transmission, including the below two scenarios:
p Downlink self-contained timeslots: p Uplink self-contained timeslots:
Downlink data transmission and corresponding Uplink scheduling information and uplink data
HARQ feedback in one timeslot. transmission.
Downlink Scheduling and Uplink Scheduling Uplink Data Transmission

HARQ Feedback
Data Transmission
D U D U
ACK/NACK
Summary
l 5G network architecture:
p Networking mode: NSA (non standalone networking) and SA (standalone networking)
p Features of the core network architecture: CUPS (separation of the control plane and user plane),
native cloud, service-oriented architecture, and network slicing
p Wireless network: DRAN –> CRAN –> Cloud RAN evolution
p Bearer network: L3 sink
l 5G key technologies:
p High rate: Large bandwidth, massive MIMO (multiplexing), high-order modulation, and LDPC code
p High spectral efficiency: F-OFDM, flexible frame structure
p Coverage enhancement: SUL (uplink and downlink decoupling) and Massive MIMO (beamforming)
p Low latency: CUDU separation and self-contained timeslot
Thank You
www.huawei.com

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5G Network Architecture and Key

l In this course, we will discuss about:

2. 5G Network Architecture and Key Technologies

1 ms 10 Gbps 1 million 500 Slicing

New architecture New air interface

Multiple network slices of a physical New technologies are introduced to provide

2. 5G Network Architecture and Key Technologies

• eMBB is supported. • Supports eMBB/uRLLC/mMTC and network

l 5G wireless network interfaces include:

p NG-C (control panel)

NG-U (user plane)

EPC NE function Corresponding NGC NF

Service Oriented Core Network Architecture

2/3/4/5 G Voice communication

Support All Services

(Service-oriented core network)

Flexible Programmable Smart

Why Network Slicing is Required in 5G?

NB-IoT 1m connection/km2 Smart water

Smart NB-IoT 1m connection/km2 Smart water

Through Slicing to Meet Diversified Business

IOV slicing SOC-UP SOC-CP

Smart meter reading Service Meter

CUPS Improves User Experience and Network

Up Up APP Edge DC:

MEC (Mobile Edge Computing)

MEC 7 scenarios 1 Enterprise Distribution

3 Edge computing 3 IoT

5G Layer 3 Backhaul to Network Edge- Flexible

Layer L3 network Layer L3 network

Traffic forwarding path for the Traffic forwarding path for

Flex-Eth Realizes Network Slicing

Slice Management configuration, management, and

Wireless Cloud RAN Evolution

5G flexible networking supports

• Advantage: Closer to users

CPRI/eCPRI CPRI/eCPRI CPRI/eCPRI

Uplink and downlink Polar/LDPC Code

Flexible frame structure F-OFDM

Main Spectrum for 5G Extended Spectrum for 5G

l 5G Frequency Range (FR) defined in 3GPP:

l Large bandwidth is a typical feature of 5G.

5G coverage layer L1.8+UL2.1

Rural/ Common Dense urban Common Suburban/

SUL: Supplementary UpLink

NLOS path loss path loss Penetration 3.5GHz 28GHz

QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM,

l 5G is compatible with the LTE modulation mode. In addition,

By using antenna weighting method to control the antenna arrays, thereby

p Dynamic adjustment of the beam

beamforming direction p Scenario-based beam

p Efficiency: Complexity level and energy efficiency

l LDPC (Low Density Parity Check Code) for eMBB Data

10% guard band <10% guard band

Frequency usage (Sub 6G is used as an example)

OFDM: Filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

Downlink Scheduling and Uplink Scheduling Uplink Data Transmission

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