Circle is a conic sections formed
when a double napped-cone is
straightly cut by a plane. It is a
set of all points on a plane that
are equidistant from a fixed point
Equation of a Circle
General Form:
x² + y² + Dx + Ey + F = 0
Standard Form:
(x – h)² + (y – k)² = r²
To transform an equation from
general form to standard form,
completing the square (CTS)
method is generally applied.
Example:
Transform the equation x² +
y² + 4x – 2y – 11 = 0 to
standard form.
1. (x² + 4x) + (y² – 2y) – 11 = 0
2. (x² + 4x) + (y² – 2y) = 11
3. (x² + 4x + 4) + (y² – 2y + 1 = 11
+4+1
4. (x² + 4x + 4) + (y² – 2y + 1) =
16
5. (x + 2)² + (y – 1)² = 16
This is now the center-
radius form of x² + y² + 4x – 2y –
11 = 0
 r

C
(h, k)
Here are the steps to follow:
1. Square two binomials.
2. Place all terms to the left side of the equation.
3. Simplify the equation by combining all like
terms.
4. Follow the general form: x² + y² + Dx + Ey +
F=0
 Transform (x + 2)² + (y – 1)² = 1 to general form.
(x + 2)² + (y – 1)² = 1
Step 1. (x² + 4x + 4) + (y² - 2y + 1) = 1
Step 2. x² + 4x + 4 + y² - 2y + 1 – 1= 0
Step 3. x² + 4x + y² - 2y + (4 + 1 – 1) = 0
x² + 4x + y² - 2y + 4 = 0
Step 4. x² + y² + 4x - 2y + 4 = 0
Transform (y – 1)² + (x + 5)² = 1 to general form.
(y – 1)² + (x + 5)² = 1
(y² - 2y + 1) + (x² + 10x + 25) = 1
(y² - 2y + 1) + (x² + 10x + 25) – 1 = 0
y² - 2y + x² + 10x + (25 - 1 + 1) = 0
y² - 2y + x² + 10x + 25 = 0
x² + y² + 10x - 2y + 25 = 0
 1. Write the equation of a circle in general form whose
center is at (-7, 6) and whose radius is 10 meters long.
Solution!
If h = -7, k = 6, and r = 10,
Substitute the given to the (x – h)² + (y – k)² = r²
standard form or center- (x – (-7))² + (y – 6)² = 10²
radius form of equation. (x + 7)² + (y – 6)² = 100
(x² + 14x + 49) + (y² – 12y + 36) = 100
x² + 14x + 49 + y² – 12y + 36 – 100 = 0
x² + y² + 14x – 12y + 36 – 100 + 49 = 0
x² + y² + 14x – 12y – 15 = 0
2. Write an equation of a circle in general form whose
center is at (3, -2) and with a radius of 3√2 cm.
Solution:
If h = 3, k = -2, and r = 3√2
Substitute the given to the
standard form or center – (x – h)² + (y – k)² = r²
radius form of equation. (x – 3)² + (y – (-2))² = (3√2)²
(x – 3)² + (y + 2)² = (3)²(√2)²
(x² – 6x + 9) + (y² + 4y + 4) = 9(2)
x² – 6x + 9 + y² + 4y + 4 = 18
x² – 6x + 9 + y² + 4y + 4 – 18 = 0
x² – 6x + y² + 4y + 4 – 18 + 9 = 0
x² + y² – 6x + 4y – 5 = 0