I RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY

Introduction:

Research is the process of systematic and in-depth study or search for any particular
topic, subject or area of investigation, backed by collection, compilation, presentation and
interpretation of relevant details or data. Research methodology is a way to systematically solve
the research problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done
scientifically.

Research may develop hypothesis and test it. In it we study the various steps that are
generally adopted by the researcher in studying his research problem along with the logic behind
them.

Research must be based on fact observable data forms a sound basis for research
inductive investigation lead better support to research finding for analysing facts a scientific
methodology of analysis must be developed and result interpreted logically.

It is necessary for the researcher to know not only the research method or techniques
but also the methodology. Thus, when we talk of research methodology we not only talk of the
research methods but also consider the logic behind the methods we use in the context of our
research study and explain why we are using a particular method or technique and why we are
not using others so that research results are capable of being evaluated either by the researcher
himself or by others.

Research problems would result in certain conclusions by means of logical analysis

which the decision-maker may use for his action or solution.

Research design:

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 A research design is purely and simply the frame work plan for a study that guides the
collection and analysis of a data. In this study the researcher has adopted descriptive research
design.

Descriptive research design:

It includes surveys and fact finding enquires of different kinds. It simply describes something
such as a demographic of employees. It deals with description of the state of offers as it is and
the researchers have no influence on the respondents.

Data collection:

Data collection is one of the most important aspects of research. For the success of any
project accurate data is very important and necessary. The information collected through
research methodology must be accurate and relevant.

Methods of data collection:

 Primary Data
 Secondary Data

Primary Data:

Data collected by a researcher is known as primary data. It is collected by a

person for his own use obtained from findings. This is considered as firsthand
information. This is that data which is collected by us to meet our own specific purpose.
The data is collected by the means of questionnaire filled in by the employees at different
posts of Nagpur area office. This method of data collection is very popular particularly in
big organizations.

Secondary Data:

Secondary data means data that are already available i.e., they refer to data which
has already been collected and analyzed by someone else. This type of data information
can also be used by the researcher for his use as second hand information sources through
 which secondary data can be collected. Secondary data may either be published data or
unpublished data.

The research approach:

Survey Method

The research instrument:

Questionnaire

The respondents:

The employees of the organization.

Sampling:

It is the process of selecting representative subset of a total population for obtaining data
for the study of the whole population the subset is known as sample. The sample size is selected
for the study 100 employees. The techniques of sampling unit in this study are convenience
sampling.

Convenience sampling:

In this method the sample units are chosen primarily on the basis of the convenience to
the researcher.

Statistical tools used:

A. Simple percentage analysis

B. Chi-square

C. Likert Scale Analysis

A. Simple percentage analysis:

 Simple percentage can also be used to compare the relationship distribution of two or
more items. For calculations the simple percentage the following formula used.

Percentage of the respondents= Number of respondents/Total respondents*100

B. Chi-square analysis:

Chi-square is anon parametric test. The chi-square method is the application of

testing the significance different between observed and expected values.

For calculating the value of chi-square test, the following formula used:

=∑ [(0-E) ²/E]

E=Row total*column to/Grant total

Degree of freedom=(R-1) (C-1)

Where as

O-observed frequency

E-Expected frequency

P-Number of rows

C-Number of columns

C. Likert Scale Analysis

A Likert scale is a psychometric scale commonly involved in research that employs

questionnaires. It is the most widely used approach to scaling responses in survey research, such
that the term is often used interchangeably with rating scale, or more accurately the Likert-type
scale, even though the two are not synonymous. The scale is named after its inventor,
psychologist Rensis Likert.
 Likert distinguished between a scale proper, which emerges from collective responses to
a set of items (usually eight or more), and the format in which responses are scored along a
range. Technically speaking, a Likert scale refers only to the former. The difference between
these two concepts has to do with the distinction Likert made between the underlying
phenomenon being investigated and the means of capturing variation those points to the
underlying phenomenon. When responding to a Likert questionnaire item, respondents specify
their level of agreement or disagreement on a symmetric agree-disagree scale for a series of
statements. Thus, the range captures the intensity of their feelings for a given item, while the
results of analysis of multiple items (if the items are developed appropriately) reveals a pattern
that has scaled properties of the kind Likert identified.

The format of a typical five-level Likert item is:

1. Strongly disagree
2. Disagree

3. Neither agree nor disagree

4. Agree

5. Strongly agree

Likert scaling is a bipolar scaling method, measuring either positive or negative response to a
statement. Sometimes a four-point scale is used; this is a "forced choice" method since the
middle option of "Neither agree nor disagree" is not available.

Questionnaire:

The questionnaire is prepared in such a way that is correct the comprehensive objectives
of the study. Open end, multiple choice of questionnaire adopted in this research.

Period of study:

The time period of the study is 45 days.

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