Ministerul Educaţiei, Culturii și Cercetării

al Republicii Moldova

Universitatea Tehnică a Moldovei

RAPORT
Tema: Programming language

A efectuat: Onisim Ariadna

GR. TI-191 f/r

A verificat: Dutova Laurenția

Chişinău – 2021
 Programming language
A programming language is a formal language, which comprises a set of instructions that
produce various kinds of output. Programming languages are used in computer programming to
implement algorithms.
Most programming languages consist of instructions for computers. There are programmable
machines that use a set of specific instructions, rather than general programming languages.
Early ones preceded the invention of the digital computer, the first probably being the automatic
flute player described in the 9th century by the brothers Musa in Baghdad, during the Islamic
Golden Age. Since the early 1800s, programs have been used to direct the behavior of machines
such as Jacquard looms, music boxes and player pianos. The programs for these machines (such
as a player piano's scrolls) did not produce different behavior in response to different inputs or
conditions.
Thousands of different programming languages have been created, and more are being created
every year. Many programming languages are written in an imperative form (i.e., as a sequence
of operations to perform) while other languages use the declarative form (i.e. the desired result is
specified, not how to achieve it).
The description of a programming language is usually split into the two components
of syntax (form) and semantics (meaning). Some languages are defined by a specification
document (for example, the C programming language is specified by an ISO Standard) while
other languages (such as Perl) have a dominant implementation that is treated as a reference.
Some languages have both, with the basic language defined by a standard and extensions taken
from the dominant implementation being common.

I. Questions :

1. Is Java substantially as fast as C?

2. Why are there different programming languages?

3. What are the low level programming languages?

4. Why is executable code normally bigger in size compared to source code?

II. The phrase

a) A computer program is termed as an organized collection of instructions, which when

executed perform a specific task or function.
b) An algorithm is a set of instructions or rules designed to solve a definite problem. 

c) Argument or arg is a value that is passed into a command or a function.

d) Character (char) is a display unit of information equal to one alphabetic letter or symbol.

e) An object is a combination of related variables, constants and other data structures which
can be selected and manipulated together.

f) Code or source code is a term used to describe a written set of instructions, written using
the protocols of a particular language, such as Java, C or Python.