Sample:

 The sample consisted of a total of 2032 participants which consist of 999 men and 1,033 women.
 Subjects were stratified by age and sex so that there would be 300 subjects in the 70–74 and 75–79 age
groups for each sex, and 150 subjects in the 80–84 age average, 85– 89 and 90+ age groups for each sex.
 Participants’ age ranged from 70 to 90 + years old, with a mean age of , and standard deviation. .
 62% of men aged 70–79, 53% of women aged 70–79
 66% of men aged 80+, and 61% of women aged 80+

Participants were grouped into five age categories:

 300 subjects in the 70–74 age groups for each sex
 300 subjects in the 75–79 age groups for each sex
 150 subjects in the 80–84 age groups for each sex
 150 subjects in the 85–89 age groups for each sex
 150 subjects in the 90+ age groups for each sex

Recruitment:

 999 men and 1,033 women were recruited territory wide by stratified random sampling from a registered
list of all recipients of old age and disability allowances.

 Letters were sent to these subjects to recruit the required number in each group.

Data Analysis

 ANOVA and t test were used to measure cognitive, psychological and physical health, and tested for
association with socioeconomic, lifestyle and social support in which the FI was constructed from 62
variables.
 the mean FI for women was higher than for men (0.16 + 0.08, n = 1,033 vs. 0.13 + 0.08, n = 999, p < 0.001,
t test.
 The frailty index was calculated by dividing the total score for each subject by 62. The relationship
between the frailty index and 3 groups of social determinants was examined separately and separately for
men and women.
 Sample characteristics and data analysis 

Kassandra solano

In this study i will be speaking about the sample characteristics and data analysis which is
consisted of a total of 2,032 participants which include 999 men and 1,033 women. They were
recruited with letters sent based on the disability allowance list which focuses on the elderly
population from age 70 and up who are receiving additional social welfare support. They were
given a questionnaire on social, functional, physical, mental health status, and place of
residence. ANOVA and t test were used to measure cognitive, psychological and physical health,
and tested for association with socioeconomic, lifestyle and social support in which the FI was
constructed from 62 variables. It was stated that 90% of the elderly population was 70 years and
over but the other 10% of the elderly were too rich and not allowed to claim allowances. Subjects
were grouped by age and sex so that there would be 300 subjects in the 70–74 age group and 75–
79 age groups for each sex, and 150 subjects in the 80–84 age group, 85– 89 age group and 90+
age groups for each sex. Participants age ranged from 70 to 90 + years. Specifically 62% of men
aged 70–79, 53% of women aged 70–79. 66% of men aged 80+, and 61% of women aged 80+.
The frailty index and 3 groups of social determinants was examined separately by gender. The
three groups were broken down by category. The first group focused on occupation, educational
level, total monthly income, and adequacy of income. The second group focused on covering
levels of physical exercise, dietary alcohol and smoking habits. The third group focused on social
support and network. When they calculated they went as in depth for each one for example in
socioeconomic factors they focused on jobs, education, total income in dollars and expenses. For
lifestyle factors specifically activities, drinks, packs by year, vegetable and fruit intake and even
fish intake. They also specify under social support factors the brothers and sisters, sons and
daughters, sons and daughter in law, grandchildren, other relatives, contact with relatives,
relatives, neighbor, helping others, attend community and religious activities. The analysis of
variance was used to examine differences in mean frailty index between each category of
individual variables, and the t test was also used to examine mean differences between the
categories. The frailty index was calculated by dividing the total score for each subject by 62.
When they compare women with men the difference is reflected by job nature, alcohol intake,
and number of relatives.