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Extent of Man-machine Integration • Human beings interact


with the information system in a variety of ways, such as input
provider, information accessory, programmer,. etc. • In user-
friendly systems, non-procedural languages help to reduce
the gap between the user and computer systems and the users
are provided with interfaces to interact with the systems. •
Thus, the contact point of the system with the end-user is
referred to as an interface.
2. 9. Structure of MIS Operating Elements Decision Support
Management Activity Organizational Functions • Physical
Components • Processing Function • Output for User •
Programmable • Non-programmable • Strategic Planning •
Tactical Planning • Operational Planning • Marketing S •
Production S • Personnel S • Purchase S • Fin. Acc. S Combine
3. 10. Structure of MIS Operating Elements Decision Support
Management Activity Organizational Functions Combine
Process: Synthesis of MIS Structure Physical Structure
Conceptual Structure
4. 11. Synthesis of MIS • There are various approaches to
describe the structure of MIS • The structure of MIS has been
explained in terms of decision making, management activity,
organizational functions and operating elements • These
different approaches of MIS can be combined to get an overall
perspective of MIS structure • This process of combining
these different approaches of MIS is called Synthesis of
Management Information System • This can be of two ways •
Conceptual structure • Physical structure
5. 12. Synthesis of MIS Structure Physical Structure Integrated
Processing Common Modules Conceptual Structure Strategic
Control Management Control Operational Control
Transaction Control
6. 13. • Conceptually it is a federation of subsystems integrated
through the database software • Conceptual structure of MIS
each functional subsystem uses completely separate programs
and perform functions independently • Conceptually each
functional subsystem is having its own files • The
organizational MIS is having a database, models for planning,
decision and investment in the model base and commonly
shared application software • The common database is
manage by database management software (DBMS) •
Information requirement changes Conceptual Structure
7. 14. Conceptual Structure • The conceptual structure of a MIS
is a federation of functional systems includes, production,
finance, personnel and marketing • Each of these subsystems
of information system is supported to provide information
support to executives for operational control, management
control and strategic planning • Different operational
functions have different information requirements • Their
information requirements vary not only in current but also in
characteristics

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