Name: Safiullah Rehmani (12413)

Class ID: 105726

A.I.

Write in your own words the following about A.I:

Definition
Why we use it?
Example
Types
Application
Advantages/Disadvantages

Operating System

Write in your own words the following about Operating System:

Definition
Why we use it?
Example
Types
Application
Advantages/Disadvantages
Give all answers in your own words

Software Engineering

Write in your own words the following about Software Engineering:

Definition
Why we use it?
Example
Types
Application
Advantages/Disadvantages
Give all answers in your own words

Answers
1.Artificial Intelligence:-
(AI) refers to the human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like
humans their actions. The term may also be applied to any machine that exhibits
traits associated with a human mind such as learning and problem-solving.
The ideal characteristic of artificial intelligence is its ability to rationalize and take
actions that have the best chance of achieving a specific goal.

Why do we use it?

Artificial Intelligence enhances the speed, precision and effectiveness of human
efforts. In financial institutions, AI techniques can be used to identify which
transactions are likely to be adopt fast and accurate.

Example
• Manufacturing robots
• Social media
• Virtual travel booking agent

Types:
• Reactive Machine
• Limited Memory
• Theory of Mind
• Self Awareness
Advantage:
1. Reduction in Human Error.
2. Takes risks instead of Humans.
3. Available Anytime.

Disadvantage:
1. High Costs of Creation
2. Making Humans Lazy
3. Lacking Out of Box Thinking

2.Operating System:
An Operating system (OS) is a software which acts as an interface between the end
user and computer hardware. Every computer must have at least one OS to run
other programs. An application like Chrome, MS Word, Games, etc needs some
environment in which it will run and perform its task.

Why do we use it?

The OS helps you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to
speak the computer's language. It is not possible for the user to use any computer
or mobile device without having an operating system.

Example:
• Windows
• Android
• IOS

Types:
• Multitasking / Multiprocessing OS
• Distributed OS
• Network OS
• Mobile OS

Advantage:
Easy to use with a GUI.
Offers an environment in which a user may execute programs/applications.
The operating system must make sure that the computer system convenient to use.

Disadvantage:
If any issue occurs in OS, you may lose all the contents which have been stored in
your system.
It is never entirely secure as a threat can occur at any time.

3. Software Engineering:
Software engineering is defined as a process of analyzing user requirements and
then designing, building, and testing software application which will satisfy those
requirements.

Why do we use it?

• To build large software
• Cost- Hardware industry has shown its skills and huge manufacturing has
lower the cost of the computer and electronic hardware.
• Quality Management: Offers better method of software development to
provide quality software products.

Example:
• It is used Computer Science to gives the scientific foundation for the
software
• In Management Science , it is work which demands both technical and
managerial control. Therefore, it is widely used in management science.

Types:
Front-End
Back-End
Quality Assurance
Security Engineer
Advantage:
• Efficiency
• Reliability
• Robustness
• Maintainability

Disadvantage:
• Initial Costs.
• Waiting Time
• Individually Crafted Solution
• Better Security

Last date to submit the assignment is 29 November 2020

Summit it in MS Word File