TYPE OF COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL

(CNC) LATHE.

1. Drilling.
i. Frequently, holes will need to be drilled using the lathe before other internal
operations can be completed.
ii. Before drilling the end of a workpiece on the lathe, the end to be drilled must be
spotted (center- punched) and then center- drilled so that the drill will start
properly and be correctly aligned.
iii. To start the drilling operation, compute the correct RPM for the drill and set the
spindle speed accordingly. Ensure the tailstock is clamped down on the lathe
ways. Start the oil, coolant or our Spraymist System. The feed is controlled by
turning the tailstock handwheel. The graduations on the tailstock spindle are used
to determine the depth of cut.
iv. Used to remove material from the inside of a workpiece. This process utilizes
standard drill bits held stationary in the tail stock or tool turret of the lathe. The
process can be done by separately available drilling machines.

Drilling

2. Facing.
i. Process of removing metal from the end of a workpiece to product a flat
surface. The workpiece most ofen is cylindrical. Using a four-jaw chuck you
can face rectangular or odd-shaped work to form cubes and other non-
cylindrical shapes.
ii. To safely perform a facing operation the end of the workpiece must be
positioned close to the jaws of the chuck. The workpiece should not extend
more than 2-3 times its diameter from the chuck jaws unless a steady rest is
used to support the free end.
 Facing

3. Threading.
i. Both standard and non-standard screw threads can be turned on a lathe using
an appropriate cutting tool. (Usually having a 60, or 55° nose angle) Either
externally, or within a bore. Generally referred to as single-point threading.
ii. Tapping of threaded nuts and holes:
a) using hand taps and tailstock centre
b) using a tapping device with a slipping clutch to reduce risk of breakage of
the tap.
iii. Threading operations include
a) all types of external and internal thread forms using a single point tool
also taper threads, double start threads, multi start threads, worms as used
in worm wheel reduction boxes, leadscrew with single or multistart
threads.
b) by the use of threading boxes fitted with 4 form tools, up to 2" diameter
threads but it is possible to find larger boxes than this.

Threading

4. Boring.
i. Enlarging or smoothing an existing hole created by drilling, moulding etc.i.e.
the machining of internal cylindrical forms (generating)
a) by mounting workpiece to the spindle via a chuck or faceplate
b) by mounting workpiece onto the cross slide and placing cutting tool
into the chuck.
ii. This work is suitable for castings that are too awkward to mount in the face
plate.
iii. On long bed lathes large workpiece can be bolted to a fixture on the bed and
a shaft passed between two lugs on the workpiece and these lugs can be
bored out to size. A limited application but one that is available to the skilled
turner/machinist.
 Boring

5. Grooving.
i. Grooving is like parting, except that grooves are cut to a specific depth
instead of severing a completed/part-complete component from the stock.
Grooving can be performed on internal and external surfaces, as well as on
the face of the part (face grooving or trepanning).

Grooving

6. Knurling.
i. The cutting of a serrated pattern onto the surface of a part to use as a hand
grip using a special purpose knurling tool.

Knurling

7. Parting or Cutoff.
i. Used to create deep grooves which will remove a completed or part-complete
component from its parent stock. Also called parting off or cutoff.

Parting Off or Cutoff

8. Chamfering.
i. The tool is used to cut an angle on the comer of a cylinder.
 Chamfering

9. Taper turning.
i. Produces a taper along the axis of the workpiece.

Taper Turning

10. Contour turning and Form turning.

i. Contour turning - Cutting tool has a simple shape, but the feed motion is
complex; cutting tool is fed along a contour thus creating a contoured shape
on the workpiece.
ii. Form turning - Cutting tool has a shape that is imparted to the workpiece by
plunging the tool into the workpiece. In form turning, cutting tool is complex
and expensive but feed is linear and does not require special machine tools or
devices.

Contour Turning Form Turning

Lathe Machine.