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USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 1 of 52

Case No. 20-14238-RR

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS


FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
___________________________________________

Does 1 Through 254, et al. v.


Chiquita Brands International, et al.

___________________________________________

On Appeal from the United States District Court


For the Southern District of Florida
No. 08-md-01916
(No. 11-80405-CIV-MARRA)
(The Honorable Kenneth A. Marra)

____________________________________________

RESPONSE TO JURISDICTIONAL QUESTION

OF

APPELLANTS DOES 1-254


____________________________________________

Paul Wolf, DC Bar #480285


P.O. Box 21840
Washington, D.C. 20009
Telephone (202) 431-6986
paulwolf@yahoo.com
Attorney for Plaintiff-
Appellants Does 1-254
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Does 1-254 v. Chiquita Brands International, Inc. Case No. 20-14238-RR

CERTIFICATE OF INTERESTED PERSONS

Counsel certifies that the following is a complete list of the trial judge(s), all

attorneys, persons, associations of persons, firms, partnerships, or corporations

(noted with its stock symbol if publicly listed) that have an interest in the outcome

of the particular case on appeal, including subsidiaries, conglomerates, affiliates,

and parent corporations, and other identifiable legal entities related to a party,

known to Appellants, are as follows:

1. Plaintiff-Appellants "Does 1-254," whose real names are:

Agudelo Castano, Margrieth Cecilia

Aguirre Braun, Irma Nury

Alzate de Escobar, Maria Leonilda

Anay Mosquera, Rosa

Anaya Dias, Lesvia Petrona

Angarita Gomez, Maria Estela

Arbelaez Marin, Alba Nidia

Arenas Gil, Ancizar Alexander

Arias Arias, Adriana Patricia

Arias de Moscoso, Luz Mariela

Arismendes, Blanca Libia

Arrieta Zumaque, Carmen

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Asprilla de Barrios, Maria Isabel

Asprilla Rivas, Ana Joaquina

Avendano Suarez, Maria Orfelina

Avila Payares, William Antonio

Balenzuela Escobar, Rosa Margarita

Barrientos Gomez, Maria Rocio

Bedoya Mosquera, Marlenis

Bedoya de Torres, Margarita

Bedoya Gomez, Alirio de Jesus

Bedoya Correa, Uverly

Benitez Varilla, Maria Judith

Benitez Sepulveda, Consuelo

Berrio de Usuga, Berta Oliva

Berrio, Marcelina

Blanquicet Gonzalez, Sara del Carmen

Bohorquez Borja, Omar de Jesus

Borja Arias, Aracely

Bram Cartagena, Mariela de Jesus

Burgos Genes, Gabriel

Burgos Villalobo, Esbil

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Cabadia de Aguilar, Sixta Tulia

Caceres Zumaque, Magdalena

Caicedo Mena, Gregoria

Camano Mora, Marve Luz

Campo Rodriguez, Maria Ines

Cano David, Ana Maria

Cano Sepulveda, Migdonia

Cantero Cordoba, Elizabeth

Cardona Goez, Rosalbina

Cardona Echavarria, Oliva

Castellanos Cogollo, Ramona del Carmen

Castellanos Yanos, Elizabeth

Castro Gomez, Alina Yaneth

Causil Almario, Arnoli

Chaverra de Cano, Teresita de Jesus

Chica Chica, Libia

Cordoba Chala, Alexandra

Correa Borja, Elida

Correa de Parra, Alba Rosa

Correa de Alvarez, Oliva

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Cortes Berrio, Eliza

Cossio Perea, Jesus Edwin

Cuesta Rivera, Elias Desiderio

Cuesta Salas, Jose Mercedes

David de Guzman, Maria de los Angeles

David Tuberquia, Alicia

David Vargas, Rosa Angela

Diaz, Luz Mery

Diaz Charrasquiel, Edith

Diaz, Eudilia

Doria de Palacio, Gloria

Duenas Alvarez, Sindy Patricia

Duran Causil, Berta Alicia

Durango Durango, Luzmila

Durango Torres, Deyamira

Durango, Maria de las Mercedes

Durango Villa, Abel Antonio

Echeverri Vahos, Rosa Maria

Escobar de Elorza, Nohemy

Escobar Borja, Rosa Elvira

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Florez Mestra, Everlides

Florez Ruiz, Luz Estella

Fuentes Lucas, Flor Maria

Galvan de Rodriguez, Edita del Carmen

Galvis, Guillermina Marina

Garcia Gonzales, Ana Delcy

Garcia, Gloria Ines

Gaviria, Maria Doris

Giraldo de Campo, Gloria Ines

Giraldo Sierra, Gildardo de Jesus

Giraldo de Giron, Ernestina

Goez, Julia de Jesus

Gonzalez Leon, Luz Neyer

Gonzalez Urango, Wilson

Graciano Graciano, Margarita

Guerra Garcia, Ana Isabel

Guerrero, Bertha Elisa

Guisao, Doraley

Guzman Vallesta, Diana Esperanza

Guzman de Guevara, Estebana del Pilar

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Guzman Higuita, Maria Evangelina

Henao de Gomez, Blanca Delia

Hernandez Hortua, Miladis del Socorro

Hernandez Arrieta, Berta

Hernandez Mena, Rosalia

Hernandez, Lira Margoth

Hernandez Reyes, Julia Dominga

Hernandez Jimenez, Henry Manuel

Herrera Sierra, Juana del Carmen

Higuita, Fidelina

Higuita Manco, Jesus Antonio

Higuita Duarte, Maria Rosangela

Higuita Osorio, Libia

Higuita Velez, Margarita Maria

Hinestroza Mosquera, Luz Nancy

Holguin Pineda, Alfonso Elias

Hoyos Martinez, Maria del Rosario

Hurtado Mosquera, Maria Lastenia

Jimenez de Rodriguez, Isabel Emilia

Jimenez de Goez, Mariela

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Jimenez Monterrosa, Macira del Rosario

Julio de Jimenez, Catalina

Julio Melendez, Carmen Alicia

Julio Moya, Maria Elodia

Lagares Lopez, Elida Rosa

Landetta Zapata Alba Iris

Lara Zuniga, Amparo

Lemoz Ruiz, Gilney

Lemus Castro, Idelicia

Licona Madera, Aminta Maria

Loaiza Aguirre, Lider Maria

Londono Torres, Ana Julia

Lopera Gonzalez, Adriana Maria

Lopez, Salustiana

Lopez de Agudelo, Maria Fidelina

Lopez Munoz, Olga Patricia

Luna Olivares, Luis Alfonso

Machado Quintana, Maria de la Concepcion

Machado Romero, Belarmina

Manco Manco, Bertoldina

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Marin Osorio, Lilia Amparo

Marin Restrepo Celsa Julia

Marmol Perez, Merlene Maria

Martinez Perez, Lina Maria

Mavisoy Cualindioy, Teresa

Mejia Gomez, Doris Maria

Mena Denis, Maria Nohemi

Mercado, Yadira Leon

Mestra Zurique, Eugenia

Miranda Ibanez, Libia Susana

Morales Macea, Marlene Isabel

Morales, Martha Isabel

Moreno Chaverra, Marlen

Moreno Palacio, Maria Beyanira

Mosquera Mosquera, Clara Elena

Mosquera Mosquera, Melba

Mosquera Ubaldo, Ciria

Mosquera Arroyo, Luz Marina

Mosquera, Yamileth

Mosquera Palomeque, Ernestina

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Mosquera Santos, Tomasa

Mosquera Palacios, Aura

Obrigon Mendoza, Franklin

Orozco de Montoya, Olivia

Osorio Rodriguez, Maria Sonia

Osorio Hernandez, Luz Nely

Osorio de Porras, Luty del Carmen

Osorio de Santiago, Maria Rosalina

Osorio Cardona, Beatriz Cecilia

Ospina Angarita, Maria Magdalena

Ospina Castellar, Edita

Oviedo David, Petrona

Palacio Moreno, Luz Belen

Palacios Perea, Maria Albanis

Palencia Paut, Margarita

Palencia Morales, Jose

Pastrana Duenas, Maria Leonor

Paternina Paez, Domingo de los Santos

Pena Usuga, Maria Edilma

Penagos Caro, Maria Josefa

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Penata Galarcio, Magaly Ines

Pereira Miranda, Manuela del Carmen

Perez Zapata, Patricia

Perez Hoyos, Blanca Cecilia

Persides Martinez, Maria

Piedrahita, Rosa Boliva

Pineda, Irma de Jesus

Polo Tuiran, Ana Delfina

Puerta Manco, Eunilse

Quintero Atehortua, Gloria Patricia

Ramires, Ana Felisa

Ramirez, Luz del Carmen

Ramirez Asprilla, Maritza

Ramirez Molina, Liliana del Socorro

Restrepo de Arias, Maria Oliva

Reyes Agudelo, Gloria Elena

Reyes Campo, Pedro

Rivas Asprilla, Onia Zenaida

Rivas Lozano, Sergia Marcia

Rodas Orozco, Mariela

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Rodriguez Posso, Luz Marina

Rodriguez Ramos, Eleodora

Romana Escobar, Ana Carmela

Romana Martinez, Saturnina

Romero Hernandez, Edonia Isabel

Rovira Quejada, Tarcila

Ruiz Mendoza, Cenith

Ruiz Vidal, Ana Lucia

Ruiz Salgado, Ana Rosa

Sanchez Menzel, Elsa Esther

Sanchez, Jorge Ivan

Sanchez Florez, Doralba

Sanchez Manco, Franca Eliana

Sanchez de Sanchez, Aura Carlina

Santana, Petronila

Sepulveda Borja, Jorgelina

Sepulveda de Holguin, Leovigilda

Serna Moreno, Debora

Serna de Rueda, Maria Eleva

Sierra de la Barrera, Rosmary

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Suarez Tavera, Gabriela

Suarez Solano, Baudilia del Carmen

Suarez Montiel, Adela Sofia

Tamayo de Guisao, Maria Ester

Torres Berrio, Wilson

Torres Cuesta, Mary Luz

Trejo Herrera, Maria Ester

Tuberquia Zapata, Jesus Emilio

Upegui de Perez, Luz Estella

Uribe Mesa, Piedad Cristina

Urrego Torres, Maria Lenuy

Urrego Guisao, Maria Epifania

Urrego Rodriguez, Emilsa

Vacca Usuga, Yeira Vanessa

Valderrama, Maria Teresa

Valderrama Marin, Pedro Emilio

Valencia Lopez, Ana Elvia

Valoyes Ramirez, Mercedes

Vanegas Montoya, Carlos Andres

Varelas Morelo, Maria Oliva

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Vasquez Marin, Mariela

Vasquez Julio, Nasary

Vega Murillo, Pedro

Vera Tuberquia, Martha C.

Vidales Palacio, Rosangelica

Viera Mendoza, Jonny

Zambrano Palencia, Senia

Zapata Borja, Romelia de Jesus

2. In addition, the plaintiffs bring their cases as personal representatives of the

estates of the deceased, whose names are

Agudelo Carvajal, Luis Arturo

Aguirre Vidales, Yolanda

Altamirando Cabadia, Jhon Fernando

Alvarez Quintero, Juan Gregorio

Alvarez Correa, Robier de Jesus

Alvarez Herrera, Doris del Carmen

Apricio Noblez, Alberto

Arbelaez Marin, Juan Carlos

Arenas, Tomas

Arguello Gonzalez, Adan

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Arias Restrepo, Francisco Javier

Arias Valle, Jesus Antonio

Arrieta Hernandez, Dinio Jose

Arrieta Yepes, Joaquin

Arroyo Bernal, Arnaldo Jose

Aula Velasquez, Mariano Manuel

Avendano Lopez, John Alberto

Barrios Asprilla, Alfonso

Bedoya Caycedo, Jerson

Bedoya Navarro, Joaquin Humberto

Bedoya Serna, Guillermo Sabad

Beltran Matote, Jaime

Blanco Lopez, Justiniano

Bohorquez, Raul

Bolivar Betancourt, Luis Alberto

Borja Arias, Jhon Fredy

Burgos Gene,s Edinson Antonio

Cabrera Correa, Anibal

Calle Penagos, Hector Alonso

Callejal Hoyos, Gabriel de Jesus

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Cano Herrera, Edwin Dario

Cano Chaverra, Joaquin Mario

Cantero Melendez, Edulfo

Cardenas Miranda, Israel

Cardona Echavarria, Edgar

Cardona Echavarria, Hector Jose

Cardona Ramirez, Jesus Maria

Cardona Alvarez, Geovanny

Caro Ramiro, Antonio

Castro Vargas, Demetrio

Centero Melendez, Edulfo

Chala Cuesta, Ana Sofia

Charrasquiel, Gregorio Alejandro

Cifuentes Durango, Horacio Antonio

Contreras Urrego, Nelson

Cortes Berrio, Jesus

Cossio Murillo, Francisco Herminio

Cossio, Alvaro

Cuadrado Gaspar, Abigail Antonio

Cuesta Cortez, Nelson

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Cuesta Garcia, Edgar

Cuesta Cuesta, Euclides

Cuesta Rios, Nestor

Cuesta Bejarano, Fidelio Antonio

Cuesta Arroyo, Rafael

Cuesto Murillo, Primitivo

David Campo, Mario de Jesus

David Velazquez, Rosa Elvira

De la Cruz Campo, Oscar Manuel

Denis, Pedro Mena

Diaz Hernandez, Giovanis

Diaz Domingo de los Santos, Paternina

Diaz Mosquera, Anselmo

Diaz Teheran, Jose

Dimas Chiquillo, Jose Irene

Durango, Jorge Ivan

Durango Cano, Gustavo Antonio

Durango Escobar, Fabio de Jesus

Echavarria Graciano, Pedro Julio

Echavarria, Aurora

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Echevarria Vahos, Luis Fernando

Elorza Romero, Luis Enrique

Escobar Alzate, Jesus Emilio

Galarcio Viloria, Candida Rosa

Galindo Cuadrado, Eudencio

Galindo Galeano, Gerardo Gabriel

Garces Flores, Wilton Antonio

Garcia Julio, Jose Luis

Garcia Angulo, Jose Angel

Gil de Arenas, Elizabeth

Giraldo Sierra, Omar de Jesus

Giraldo, Luis Alfredo

Giraldo Fernandez, Jesus Emilio

Goez Sepulveda, Ivan Antonio

Goez Jimenez, Hernan Dario

Goez Sepulveda, Juan Antonio

Gomez Alvarez, Jaime

Gomez Valencia, Beatriz

Gomez Henao, Rodrigo de Jesus

Gomez Velez, Leonardo

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Gomez Jimenez, Victor Javier

Gomez, Francisco Javier

Gonzalez Cuesta, Diego

Gonzalez Urango, Luisa Cristina

Gonzalez Sosa, Maria Georgina

Gonzalez Moralez, Livardo

Gonzalez Moralez, Merli

Graciano, Francisco Antonio

Guisao Lopez, Jose Wilson

Guisao Correa, Cruz Antonio

Guisao Tamayo, Jorge Elias

Guisao Tamayo, Wilmar de Jesus

Gutierrez Fernandez, Guillermo Leon

Gutierrez Vargas, Argelia Maria

Gutierrez Hernandez, Carlos Antonio

Guzman David, Yoni Jair

Guzman Betancur, Ricardo Antonio

Hernandez Bejarano, Orlando

Hernandez Mestra, Luis German

Higuita Giraldo, Leon Dario

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Higuita, Miguel Antonio

Hinestroza Hurtado, Angel Daniel

Hinestroza Mosquera, Robinson Humberto

Hinestroza Hurtado, Cesar Orlando

Holguin Sepulveda Leonardo

Holguin Sepulveda, Alfonso Elias

Holguin Sepulveda, Ramiro Arley

Hoyos Gaviria, Gonzalo

Hoyos Martinez, Polfino de Jesus

Hurtado Cordoba, Fausto

Ibanez Anaya, Toni Enrique

Lemos Rambay, Araldo

Lemus Cordoba, Manuel Eugenio

Licona Suarez, Fernando

Llanez Lopez, Evelio

Loaiza Arboleda, Joaquin Eduardo

Loaiza Aguirre, Luis Eduardo

Londono Valencia, Oscar de Jesus

Londono, Henry

Lopera Gaviria, Oscar de Jesus

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Lopez Muno,z Luis Felipe

Lopez Henao, Gilberto Antonio

Luna Barba, Luz Estella

Luna Rivas, Prudencio

Madariaga Madariag,a Hugo Feny

Maturona Guevara, Adolfo

Mejia Gomez, Jose Argiro

Mena, Miguel Angel

Mendoza Galvan, Idelfonso

Meza Martinez, Ismael

Mirando Arrieta, Hilario

Mona Marin, Jorge Humberto

Montenegro Ramos, Hernan Humberto

Montes Duran, Brian Manuel

Montoya Echavarria, Carlos Enrique

Montoya Garcia, Carlos

Moreno Duran, Aura Nely

Moscoso, Jesus Emilio

Mosquera Robledo, Oscar

Mosquera Velasquez, Fulbio Antonio

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Munera Pulgarin, Ignacio

Munoz Munera, Jose Ivan

Munoz Beltran, Javier Antonio

Murillo Lopez, Hector

Murillo Moreno, Manuel Emeterio

Narvaez Julio, Oscar Antonio

Nelly Zapata, Maria del Socorro

Obregon Moreno, Francisco Javier

Ochoa Gomez, Victoria Elena

Orejuela, Juan

Orjuela Arismendi, Pedro Alonso

Orlas Pena, Wiliton

Orozco Marin, Jesus Maria

Ospina Marimon, Marcelino

Palacio Pastrana, Reemberto

Palacio Pino, Felipe

Palacio Palacio, Romulo

Palacios Mosquera, Afronio

Palencia Diaz, Eliecer

Pareja Ruiz, Jhon Fredis

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Parra Correa, Albertina

Parra Garcia, Samuel

Parra Osorio, Cristobal

Paruja Trejos, Rubiela

Pautt, Marcelo Oviedo

Paz, Romana Parmelio

Perez Nisperuza, German

Perez Upagui, Victor Dairon

Piedrahita, Gilberto de Jesus

Pietro Lagares, Miguel Antonio

Pineda, Hernan Dario

Porhillo Santo, Sergio Eliecer

Porras Pedroza, Ramon

Quejada Duran, Clemente

Ramirez Loaisa, Ruben Dario

Rendon Loaza, Luis

Rendon, Abel Antonio

Rendon Rojas, Ismael

Reyes Agudelo, Luis Fernando

Reyes Fuentes, Freddy Jesus

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Rios Rios, Miguel Angel

Rivas, Arturo Murillo

Rivas Lara, Jose Alejandro

Rodriguez Cardalez, Gilberto

Rodriguez Jimenez, Eliud

Rodriguez Ramos, Jaime

Romana Escobar, Carlos Eliecer

Rueda Serna, Oscar Dario

Rueda Serna, Carlos Alberto

Ruiz Rueda, Jose Luis

Ruiz Valencia, Victor Manuel

Ruiz Palacios, Marino

Salas Rovira, Ausberto

Salinas Sanchez, Gerardo

Sanchez Polo, Savas

Sanchez, Dagoberto

Sanchez Manco, Francisco Javier

Sanchez Sanchez, Reynaldo Antonio

Sanchez Giraldo, Ramon Antonio

Santiago Almeciga, Paulino

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Sepulveda Manco, Ovilson

Sepulveda Manco, Nelson

Sierra, Rafael Alvaro

Solano Guevara, Luis Antonio

Soto Amaranto, Margarita

Suarez Marmol, Luis Manuel

Suarez Solano, Abel Andres

Tapia Marmolejo, Jaime

Tapias, Fabian Ignacio

Tapias Lopez, Jose Felix

Tordecilla Gonzalez, Carlos Augusto

Torres Bedoya, Edison

Torres Bedoya, Ivan Dario

Torres Guisao, Claver de Jesus

Torres Melendez, Eusino

Toscano de la Barrera, Tomas Antonio

Tuberquia Zapata, Reinaldo Antonio

Tuberquia Higuita, Maria Eugenia

Uribe Arboleda, Marco Antonio

Urrego Torres, Aldebaran

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Urrego Rodriguez, Bernardo

Usuga Berrio, Maria Eunice

Usuga Cano, Heinsen Hawer

Usuga Cano, Franco Anyey

Usuga, Jesus Maria

Vaca Echavarria, Jorge Enrique

Vaca Caraballo, Afranio

Valderrama Oquendo, Luis Fernando

Valencia Rodriguez, Miguel Angel

Valencia Lopez, Jhon Jairo

Vanegas Villa, Humberto

Vargas David, Luis Alexander

Vargas Bram, Libardo Antonio

Vasquez Benitez Cielo Maria

Vega Torres, Luis Alfonso

Velasquez Gomez, Eliodoro Antonio

Velasquez Restrepo, Wilson de Jesus

Velasquez, Prisiliano Jose

Viera Mendoza, Alvaro

Villa Hernandez, Yubany de Jesus

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Zapata Borja, Jorge Eliecer

Zuluaga Machado, Sigifredo

Zuluaga Garcia, Sigifredo

3. Additional interested parties are:

Agrícola Longaví Limitada

Agrícola Santa Marta Limitada

Agroindustria Santa Rosa de Lima, S.A.

Aguirre, Fernando

Alamo Land Company

Alsama, Ltd.

American Produce Company

Americana de Exportación S.A.

Anacar LDC

Arnold & Porter

Arnold Sansone, The Honorable Amanda

Arvelo, José E.

Associated Santa Maria Minerals

Avila, Rodriguez, Hernandez, Mena & Ferri, LLP

B C Systems, Inc.

Baird, Bruce

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Banco Santander International

Bandy, Kevin

Barbush Development Corp.

Bienes Del Rio, S.A.

Blank Rome LLP

BlackRock, Inc. (NYSE: BLK)

Blue Fish Holdings Establishment

Bocas Fruit Co. L.L.C.

In Re: Chiquita Brands Int’l., Inc.

Boies Schiller & Flexner, LLP, Fort Lauderdale

Boies Schiller & Flexner, LLP, Miami

Boies Schiller & Flexner, LLP, New York

Boies Schiller & Flexner, LLP, Orlando

Bronson, Ardith

Brundicorpi S.A.

Cadavid Londoño, Paula

Capital Bank

Carrillo, Arturo J.

C.C.A. Fruit Service Company Limited

CB Containers, Inc.

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Centro Global de Procesamiento Chiquita, S.R.L.

Charagres, Inc., S.A.

Childs, Robert

Chiquita (Canada) Inc.

Chiquita (Shanghai) Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd.

Chiquita Banana Company B.V.

Chiquita Brands International Foundation

Chiquita Brands International Sàrl

Chiquita Brands International, Inc. (NYSE: CQB)

Chiquita Brands L.L.C.

Chiquita Central Europe, s.r.o.

Chiquita Compagnie des Bananes

Chiquita Deutschland GmbH

Chiquita Food Innovation B.V.

Chiquita for Charities

Chiquita Fresh B.V.B.A.

Chiquita Fresh España, S.A.

Chiquita Fresh North America L.L.C.

Chiquita Fruit Bar (Belgium) BVBA

Chiquita Fruit Bar (Germany) GmbH

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Chiquita Fruit Bar GmbH

Chiquita Frupac B.V.

Chiquita Hellas Anonimi Eteria Tropikon Ke Allon Frouton

Chiquita Hong Kong Limited

Chiquita International Services Group N.V.

Chiquita Italia, S.p.A.

Chiquita Logistic Services El Salvador Ltda.

Chiquita Logistic Services Guatemala, Limitada

Chiquita Logistic Services Honduras, S.de RL

Chiquita Melon Packers, Inc.

Chiquita Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V.

Chiquita Nature and Community Foundation

Chiquita Nordic Oy

Chiquita Norway As

Chiquita Poland Spolka Z ograniczona odpowiedzialnoscia

Chiquita Portugal Venda E Comercializaçao De Fruta,


Unipessoal Lda

Chiquita Relief Fund - We Care

Chiquita Shared Services

Chiquita Singapore Pte. Ltd.

Chiquita Slovakia, S.r.o.

Page C-29 of C-39


USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 31 of 52
Does 1-254 v. Chiquita Brands International, Inc. Case No. 20-14238-RR

Chiquita Sweden AB

Chiquita Tropical Fruit Company B.V.

Chiquita UK Limited

ChiquitaStore.com L.L.C.

Chiriqui Land Company

CILPAC Establishment

Cioffi, Michael

Coast Citrus Distributors Holding Company

Cohen, Millstein, Sellers & Toll, PLLC

Collingsworth, Terrence P.

Collyer, The Honorable Rosemary M.

Compañía Agrícola de Nipe, S.A.

Compañía Agrícola de Rio Tinto

Compañía Agrícola del Guayas

Compañía Agrícola e Industrial Ecuaplantation, S.A.

Compañía Agrícola Sancti-Spiritus, S.A.

Compañía Bananera Atlántica Limitada

Compañía Bananera Guatemateca Independinte, S.A.

Compañía Bananera La Estrella, S.A.

Compañía Bananera Los Laureles, S.A.

Page C-30 of C-39


USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 32 of 52
Does 1-254 v. Chiquita Brands International, Inc. Case No. 20-14238-RR

Compañía Bananera Monte Blanco, S.A.

Compañía Caronas, S.A.

Compañía Cubana de Navegación Costanera

Compañía Frutera América S.A.

Compañía La Cruz, S.A.

Compañía Mundimar, S.A.

Compañía Productos Agrícolas de Chiapas, S.A. de C.V.

Compañía Tropical de Seguros, S.A.

Conrad & Scherer LLP

Costa Frut S.A.C.

Covington & Burling LLP

Danone Chiquita Fruits SAS

Dante, Frank

Davies, Patrick

De La Calle Restrepo, José Miguel

De La Calle Londoño y Posada Abogados

DeLeon, John

Dimensional Fund Advisors LP

DLA Piper

Duraiswamy, Shankar

Page C-31 of C-39


USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 33 of 52
Does 1-254 v. Chiquita Brands International, Inc. Case No. 20-14238-RR

Dyer, Karen C.

Earthrights, International, Inc.

Edwards Honeywell, The Honorable Charlene

Exportadora Chiquita - Chile Ltda.

Exportadora de Frutas Frescas Ltda.

Financiera Agro-Exportaciones Limitada

Financiera Bananera Limitada

FMR LLC

Fresh Express Incorporated

Fresh Holding C.V.

Fresh International Corp.

Friedheim, Cyrus

Frutas Elegantes, S. de R.L. de C.V.

Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC)

Fundación Para El Desarrollo de Comunidades Sostenibles en el


Valle de Sula

G & V Farms, LLC

G W F Management Services Ltd.

Garland, James

Girardi, Thomas V.

Glass, David M.

Page C-32 of C-39


USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 34 of 52
Does 1-254 v. Chiquita Brands International, Inc. Case No. 20-14238-RR

Gonsalves, Marc

Gould, Kimberly

Gravante, Jr., Nicholas A.

GrayRobinson, PA

Great White Fleet Liner Services Ltd.

Great White Fleet Ltd.

Green, James K.

Gunster, Yoakley & Stewart, PA

Guralnick, Ronald S.

Hall, John

Heaton Holdings Ltd.

Heli Abel Torrado y Asociados

Hemisphere XII Investors Limited

Hills, Roderick, the Estate of

Hospital La Lima, S.A. de C.V.

Howes, Thomas

HSBC

Ilara Holdings, Inc.

Inversiones Huemul Limitada

James K. Green, P.A.

Page C-33 of C-39


USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 35 of 52
Does 1-254 v. Chiquita Brands International, Inc. Case No. 20-14238-RR

Janis, Judith G.

Janis, Christopher T.

Janis, Greer C.

Janis, Michael I.

Janis, Jonathan N.

Jimenez Train, Magda M.

Jones, Foster, Johnston & Stubbs, P.A.

Jones, Stanton

Keiser, Charles

Kelly, The Honorable Timothy J.

King, William B.

Kistinger, Robert

Korvick, Tony

Lack, Walter J.

Lakatos, Alex C.

Law Firm of Jonathan C. Reiter

Law Offices of Chavez-DeLeon

Leon, The Honorable Richard J.

Losego, Clinton R.

Markman, Ligia

Page C-34 of C-39


USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 36 of 52
Does 1-254 v. Chiquita Brands International, Inc. Case No. 20-14238-RR

Marra, The Honorable Kenneth A.

Martin, David

Martinez Resly, Jaclyn

Mayer Brown, LLP

McCawley, Sigrid S.

Mora, Martha Rosa

Mosier, Mark

Mozabanana, Lda.

Nixon, Jary Conrad

Ocean Bank

Olson, Robert

O'Melveny & Meyers

Ordman, John

Palmera Pineda, Juvenal Ovidio Ricardo

Parker Waichman LLP

Pescatore, Jr., the Estate of Frank Thomas

Pescatore, Jada

Pescatore, Jarrod

Pescatore, John

Pescatore, Jordan

Page C-35 of C-39


USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 37 of 52
Does 1-254 v. Chiquita Brands International, Inc. Case No. 20-14238-RR

Pescatore, Josh

Pescatore, Olivia

Pescatore, Richard

Pescatore Harpster, Carol

Philips, Layn

Porter, Newton Patrick

Prías Cadavid Abogados

Prías, Juan Carlos

Priedheim, Alissa

Procesados IQF, S.A. de C.V.

Processed Fruit Ingredients, BVBA

Promotion et Developpement de la Culture Bananiere

Puerto Armuelles Fruit Co., Ltd.

Rapp, Cristopher

Reiter, Jonathan C.

Ronald Guralnick, P.A.

St. James Investments, Inc.

Scarola, Jack

Searcy Denney Scarola Barnhart & Shipley, P.A.

Seguridad Colosal, S.A.

Page C-36 of C-39


USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 38 of 52
Does 1-254 v. Chiquita Brands International, Inc. Case No. 20-14238-RR

Servicios Chiquita Chile Limitada

Servicios de Logística Chiquita, S.A.

Servicios Logísticos Chiquita, S.R.L

Servicios Proem Limitada

Silbert, Earl

Simons, Marco

Skinner, William

Sperling, Jonathan

Spiers N.V.

Sprague, Ashley M.

Stansell, Keith

Stockton Hendrix, David

Stewart, Thomas

Stubbs, Sidney

Tela Railroad Company Ltd.

The Vanguard Group

TransFRESH Corporation

Tsacalis, William

UNIPO G.V., S.A.

United States of America

Page C-37 of C-39


USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 39 of 52
Does 1-254 v. Chiquita Brands International, Inc. Case No. 20-14238-RR

V.F. Transportation, L.L.C.

Verdelli Farms, Inc.

Wachovia Bank

Western Commercial International Ltd.

Wichmann, William J.

Wiesner & Asociados Ltda. Abogados

Wiesner, Eduardo A.

Wilkins, Robert

Willkie Farr & Gallagher

Wolf, Paul

Wolosky, Lee S.

Zack, Stephen N

Zhejiang Chiquita-Haitong Food Company Limited

Zuleta, Alberto

Certification

I hereby certify that to the best of my knowledge, the above is a complete

list of persons having an interest in this case.

/s/ Paul Wolf


________________________
Paul Wolf, D.C. Bar #480285
Attorney for Appellants Does 1-254

Page C-38 of C-39


USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 40 of 52
Does 1-254 v. Chiquita Brands International, Inc. Case No. 20-14238-RR

November 25, 2020

Page C-39 of C-39


USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 41 of 52

QUESTION PRESENTED

Whether the district court’s orders denying the Plaintiffs’ motion to establish

a constructive trust and denying their motion for reconsideration are final or

immediately appealable.

BRIEF ANSWER

Although the orders are not final, they are immediately appealable because

they deny injunctive relief. The case law in this Circuit uniformly holds that an

order freezing a party's assets is injunctive in nature, and immediately appealable

pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 1292(a)(1). The Rule extends to orders "granting,

continuing, modifying, refusing or dissolving injunctions, or refusing to dissolve or

modify injunctions." Id. The collateral order doctrine provides further support for

jurisdiction, since the question whether the FARC's assets should be frozen

pending the outcome of the other cases in the MDL is separate from the merits of

any of the particular cases.

I. Does 1-254 properly characterized their motion for a constructive trust


as a motion for injunctive relief.

A. The Orders on appeal qualify under § 1292(a)(1) as injunctions


because they relate to existing causes of action and result in
irreparable harm, as two of the plaintiffs in the MDL are
dissipating the assets of the FARC terrorist group, leaving none
remaining to compensate other plaintiffs.

In Alabama v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 424 F.3d 1117 (11th Cir.

2005) the Court noted that an order may not qualify under § 1292(a)(1) as an

1
USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 42 of 52

“injunction” despite how the parties or the district court characterizes it, and

explained when orders on injunctive relief may be reviewable. First, the motion

must be based upon an already existing cause of action. Id. at 1127. The plaintiff

must be able to articulate a basis for relief that would withstand scrutiny under

Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6) (failure to state a claim). Id., citing Klay v. United

Healthgroup, Inc., 376 F.3d 1092, 1097 (11th Cir. 2004). An injunction is a

"remedy potentially available only after a plaintiff can make a showing that some

independent legal right is being infringed — if the plaintiff's rights have not been

violated, he is not entitled to any relief, injunctive or otherwise." Alabama, 424

F.3d at 1127. In addition, it is only when that legal right has been infringed by an

injury for which there is no adequate legal remedy, and which will result in

irreparable injury if the injunction does not issue. Id.

To obtain a permanent injunction, a party must show: (1) that he has

prevailed in establishing the violation of the right asserted in his complaint; (2)

there is no adequate remedy at law for the violation of this right; and (3)

irreparable harm will result if the court does not order injunctive relief. Id. at 1128.

The Court recognized, however, that if it doesn't act until trial, the party seeking

relief might be irreparably harmed, and the judicial process rendered futile by a

defendant's action or refusal to act during the pendency of the case. Id. at 1128.

Therefore, to protect a party "from irreparable harm and to preserve the court's

2
USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 43 of 52

power to render a meaningful decision after a trial on the merits" a preliminary

injunction can issue, even though the right to permanent relief is still uncertain.

Alabama, 424 F.3d at 1128, quoting 11A Wright, Miller Kane, Federal Practice

and Procedure: Civil 2d § 2947. Accordingly, a district court may grant

preliminary injunctive relief when the moving party shows that: (1) it has a

substantial likelihood of success on the merits of the underlying case when the case

is ultimately tried; (2) irreparable injury during the pendency of the suit will be

suffered unless the injunction issues immediately; (3) the threatened injury to the

movant outweighs whatever damage the proposed injunction may cause the

opposing party; and (4) if issued, the injunction would not be adverse to the public

interest. Id. at 1128.

The Court in Alabama discussed several other aspects of injunctive relief

that are not at issue here. The interlocutory order on appeal must have the first two

elements of an injunction, that is, it must be: (1) a clearly defined and

understandable directive by the court to act or to refrain from a particular action;

and (2) enforceable through contempt, if disobeyed. Id. It must also provide some

or all of the substantive relief sought in the complaint. Id.

Finally, the Court noted that in the context of Rule 65 of the Federal Rules of

Civil Procedure, the Court has defined an injunction as "an equitable decree

compelling obedience under the threat of contempt." Alabama, 424 F.3d at 1127 n.

3
USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 44 of 52

14, quoting Int'l Longshoremen's Ass'n, Local 1291 v. Phila. Marine Trade Ass'n,

389 U.S. 64, 75, 88 S.Ct. 201, 19 L.Ed.2d 236 (1967); Howard C. Joyce, A Treatise

on the Law Relating to Injunctions § 1, at 2-3 (1909) ("In a general sense, every

order of a court which commands or forbids is an injunction; but in its accepted

legal sense, an injunction is a judicial process or mandate operating in personam by

which, upon certain established principles of equity, a party is required to do or

refrain from doing a particular thing.")

In the instant case, the Order on Appeal is one denying the imposition of a

constructive trust over the FARC's assets, which is a type of injunctive relief. See

Order, Appx. at 1, DE 2684. The District Court referred to it as equitable relief.

"Without evidence that the res contains funds traceable to Chiquita, or somehow

represents the fruits of a benefit conferred by the Doe Plaintiffs on the

Stansell/Pescatore Plaintiffs for which compensation is equitably due, there is no

demonstrable basis for the equitable relief requested in this matter." Id. at 5-6,

Appx. at 5-6. This is where the District Court erred, because the funds need not be

traceable to Chiquita. See Does 1-254's Reply Brief at § III (B) (5), "The District

Court allowed the Pescatore case to proceed to trial with the FARC as a Fabre

defendant."

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USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 45 of 52

B. Orders freezing the assets of parties are commonly issued as


injunctions pursuant to Rules 64 and 65 of the Federal Rules of
Civil Procedure.

In Levi Strauss & Co. v. Sunrise Int'l Trading Co., 51 F.3d 982 (11th Cir.

1995), the district court issued a preliminary injunction enjoining Sunrise from

selling allegedly counterfeit Levi Strauss products, ordering Sunrise to surrender

any inventory or material with Levi Strauss' trademarks, and imposing an asset

freeze on Sunrise, limiting their spending to enumerated business expenses and a

$2000 per month living allowance. 51 F.3d at 984. The Court stated that it

reviews the grant of a preliminary injunction for abuse of discretion, giving no

deference to the district court's legal determinations. Id. at 985, citing Church v.

City of Huntsville, 30 F.3d 1332, 1341-42 (11th Cir. 1994). It similarly found that

"[w]e review asset freezes for abuse of discretion but do not defer to the district

court's legal analysis." Id. at 985-986, citing Rosen v. Cascade Int'l, Inc., 21 F.3d

1520, 1526 (11th Cir. 1994). The Court held that "[a] request for equitable relief

invokes the district court's inherent equitable powers to order preliminary relief,

including an asset freeze, in order to assure the availability of permanent relief,"

and "[a]s such, we conclude that the district court had the authority to freeze those

assets which could have been used to satisfy an equitable award of profits." Levi

Strauss, 51 F.3d at 987, citing Federal Trade Commission v. United States Oil and

Gas Corp., 748 F.2d 1431, 1433-34 (11th Cir. 1984) (district court may exercise its

5
USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 46 of 52

full range of equitable powers, including a preliminary asset freeze, to ensure that

permanent equitable relief will be possible).1

In Rosen v. Cascade, Int'l, Inc., 21 F.3d 1520 (11th Cir. 1994), however, this

Court reversed and remanded a district court order issuing an injunction freezing

the assets of a defendant. Rosen was a securities fraud case involving alleged

misrepresentations of material facts in promotional materials. The district court

issued a preliminary injunction freezing all of the defendant's assets, allowing the

defendant to withdraw only $500 per month as living expenses, and other expenses

for emergencies upon a showing of necessity. Id. at 1525. This Court reversed the

injunction, noting that "this is not a restitution case or a dispute over a discrete

fund or res whose ownership is in doubt," id. at 1526, and that "the appellees'

strategy in this case is simply to tie up Moses' assets while the parties litigate the

defendants' liability for their alleged fraudulent misrepresentations and illegal stock

transactions." Id. It then held that "[i]t is axiomatic that equitable relief is only

available where there is no adequate remedy at law; cases in which the remedy

sought is the recovery of money damages do not fall within the jurisdiction of

1
The assets must normally be related to the underlying litigation, as they are here.
However, the Court observed that district courts have authority in extraordinary
cases to freeze assets to preserve non equitable money damages, citing In re Estate
of Ferdinand Marcos Human Rights Litigation, 25 F.3d 1467 (9th Cir. 1994)
(noting that the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Seventh, Eighth, Tenth, and District
of Columbia Circuits have reached similar conclusions), cert. denied, 115 S.Ct. 934
(1995). Levi Strauss, 51 F.3d at 987 n. 5.

6
USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 47 of 52

equity. Based upon this fundamental principle of equity jurisprudence, we have

explained, "'the general federal rule of equity is that a court may not reach a

defendant's assets unrelated to the underlying litigation and freeze them so that

they may be preserved to satisfy a potential money judgment.'" Id. at 1527.

The Rosen Court analyzed a Supreme Court case, De Beers Consol. Mines,

Ltd. v. United States, 325 U.S. 212 (1945), which it found "indeed explicitly

permits the injunction sought by the plaintiffs," 21 F.3d at 1527, but that the proper

interpretation of De Beers is that it bars the injunctive relief of freezing [all of]

Moses' assets. Id. The Supreme Court explained that, although "[a] preliminary

injunction is always appropriate to grant intermediate relief of the same character

as that which may be granted finally, ... [t]he injunction in question is not of this

character" because "[i]t is not an injunction in the cause, ... deals with a matter

lying wholly outside the issues in the suit," and "deals with property which in no

circumstances can be dealt with in any final injunction that may be entered." 325

U.S. at 220. The Court distinguished the case from "cases in which an

interlocutory injunction was granted with respect to a fund or property which

would have been the subject of the provisions of any final decree in the cause." Id.

The Rosen and De Beers cases are distinguishable from the instant case because

Does 1-254 do not seek an injunction over all of Stansell and Pescatore's assets,

only those traceable to the terrorist activities of the FARC.

7
USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 48 of 52

The Rosen Court later explained that "Rule 64 commands that the proper

pretrial remedy to ensure that a fund will be available with which to satisfy a

money judgment, a writ of attachment, is available according to the provisions of

the forum state's law. But "[w]here the state attachment statute does not authorize

prejudgment attachment in a given case, a district court is not authorized ... to

attempt to accomplish the same result by issuing a preliminary injunction." Id. at

1531. In the instant case, there is no conflict with the Florida attachment statute,

which is found in Chapter 76 of the Florida Statutes. See Does 1-254's Reply Brief

at § III (B). Three of the grounds listed are that the purported debtor resides out of

state, or is moving, or has moved property out of the state. § 76.04 (2, 3 & 4), Fla.

Stat.

Most of the plaintiffs who have taken the proceeds of the FARC's criminal

activities reside outside of Florida. The Pescatore case was brought by ten legal

heirs, five of whom live in Alabama, and the other five in New Jersey. Appx. at

381, 392. The Stansell case was brought by eight legal heirs residing in Florida,

Connecticut, Alabama, New York, and Virginia. Appx. at 418-419. Since these

plaintiffs have already collected $20 million dollars, there is no doubt that the

property at issue has been moved outside of the state of Florida.2

2
An additional basis to establish a constructive trust may exist when the res of the
trust was obtained by fraud. See Mitsubishi Int'l. v. Cardinal Textile Sales, 14 F.3d
1507, 1518 (11th Cir. 1994) "Because a constructive trust is deemed to arise at the
time of a fraudulent misappropriation, Mitsubishi contends that it was entitled to an

8
USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 49 of 52

II. The Collateral Order Doctrine provides an alternative theory for the
Court's Jurisdiction over the appeal.

The Collateral Order Doctrine provides an alternative basis for appellate

jurisdiction. In their Notice of Appeal, in addition to citing 1292(a)(1), which

provides for jurisdiction over orders denying injunctive relief, Does 1-254 also

argued that "the outcome of Plaintiffs' cases would be conclusively determined by

default judgments against the FARC, and would moot them because they would be

set-off against Chiquita's joint and several or co-conspirator liability; the issue of

establishing a constructive trust over the FARC's assets is collateral to the merits of

the underlying murders; and the matter will be effectively unreviewable if

immediate appeal isn't allowed, because otherwise, the plaintiffs in the cases of two

Americans killed by the FARC will dissipate the first $300 million dollars of the

immediate injunction preventing the dissipation of those assets — including


payment of appellees' counsel fees — as well as the opportunity to seek
disgorgement of any transferred funds. This position, however, fails to recognize
that constructive trusts are not automatically impressed whenever one party owes
another money, and it apparently overlooks the essence of the remedy — that
constructive trusts are inherently equitable in nature and that equitable relief is
available only in the absence of an adequate remedy at law." Id. at 1518. Here,
obtaining ex parte, default judgments in dismissed cases, in courts without
jurisdiction, and without providing notice to the MDL court, could be construed as
fraudulent. The Court didn't impose the trust in Mitsubishi because there was an
adequate remedy at law, and because of contract law arguments that do not apply in
the instant case. Id. at 1518-1521. In Mitsubishi, Georgia state law also provided
for prejudgment attachment when the property or a party is out of state. Id. at
1522.

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USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 50 of 52

FARC's assets, and have already taken $20 million. Lauro Lines s.r.l. v. Chasser,

490 U.S. 495 (1989)." See Notice of Appeal, DE 2738. 3

In Plaintiff A v. Schair, 744 F.3d 1247, 1252–53 (11th Cir. 2014) the Court

explained that an order is immediately appealable under the collateral order

doctrine if it: (1) conclusively determines the disputed question; (2) resolves an

important issue completely separate from and collateral to the merits of the action;

and (3) would be effectively unreviewable on appeal from the final judgment). In

Schair, the district court stayed a civil case pending the outcome of a criminal

investigation by the U.S. Department of Justice into the same conduct alleged in

the plaintiffs' complaint. After the investigation ended, the district court granted

the plaintiffs' motion to lift the stay in the civil action. The Court found that for the

collateral order doctrine to apply, "the collateral issues raised in the interlocutory

appeal must be 'too important to be denied review and too independent of the cause

itself to require that appellate consideration be deferred until the whole case is

adjudicated.'” Id. at 1253, quoting Cohen v. Beneficial Indus. Loan Corp., 337 U.S.

541, 546 (1949). It then found that an order lifting the stay of discovery failed to

satisfy the second prong of the test, since it was not separate from the merits of the

3
In the instant case, the Appellees have conflated the issues of jurisdiction and
standing. Standing is based on Does 1-254's injuries by the FARC, and the
dissipation of assets traceable to the FARC, and is argued in the Appellants
Principal and Reply Briefs. Whether the Court has jurisdiction over the District
Court's Order is completely separate from the question whether the Appellants
have standing.

10
USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 51 of 52

action, and there was no public interest to be weighed that could override the

second prong. Id. at 1254-1255.

In the instant case, the disputed legal issue is whether the ex parte, default

judgments in MDL transferor courts lacking jurisdiction are void and

unenforceable, as a matter of law. The default award of $300 million dollars is

separate from the merits of the actions because the Stansell and Pescatore cases

had already been dismissed with prejudice, which could not have occurred without

consideration of the merits. The issue that is separate from, and collateral to the

merits of the action, pertains to the availability of a remedy. The Order is

effectively unreviewable on appeal because Pescatore and Stansell have already

taken and dissipated more than $20 million dollars, which appear to be all of the

FARC's assets that have been identified.

Conclusion

Orders freezing a party's assets, or denying this relief, are injunctive and

immediately appealable under 28 U.S.C. 1292(a)(1). The only limitation is that the

assets must be traceable to the litigation, as they are here. They are authorized by §

76.04 of the Florida Revised Statutes, since most of the Stansell and Pescatore

plaintiffs do not reside in Florida, and have probably transferred the property out of

state. The collateral order doctrine also appears to support this view, but need not

be relied on, since the basis under 28 U.S.C. 1292(a)(1) is so clear.

11
USCA11 Case: 20-14238 Date Filed: 03/30/2021 Page: 52 of 52

Respectfully submitted,

/s/ Paul Wolf


______________________
Paul Wolf, DC Bar #480285
Attorney for Appellants
P.O. Box 21840
Washington, D.C. 20009
(202) 431-6986
Fax: n/a
paulwolf@yahoo.com

March 30, 2021

Certificate of Service

I hereby certify, that on this 30th of March, 2021, I filed the foregoing
Response with the Clerk of the Court using the Court's Electronic Case Filing
(ECF) system, which will send notices to all counsel entering appearances in this
case.

/s/ Paul Wolf


_______________
Paul Wolf

Certificate of Compliance

Pursuant to FRAP 27 and 32(g)(1), I hereby certify that this motion complies
with the type-limitation of 5,200 words, and contains 2606 words, excluding the
cover and certifications. The Court didn't set any other word limit for responding to
its jurisdictional question.

/s/ Paul Wolf


_______________
Paul Wolf

12

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