Unit MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION EQUATIONS You may need to find some unknown information in order to build a garage, to put down tile or carpet, or to plant a garden. Knowing how to solve equations will help you find the missing information. In this unit, you will leam how to multiply and divide positive and negative numbers. You will also learn how to solve multiplication and division equations as well as equations with all basic math operations. You should be familiar with the skills on this page and the next before beginning this unit. To check your answers, turn to page 210. To write a numerical expression, change the words to numbers and ‘math operations. ( Write an expression. Then evaluate. 1, five times seven 2. ten divided by two 5x7=35 3. eight times nine 4. sixteen divided by four 5. twenty-five divided by five 6, ten times ten Sir cSQGewingReadye To evaluate numerical expressions, use the correct order of operations. Evaluate. Use the correct order of operations. 7. 8. 9. 10. 15+3x2 26 9-843 " 2 8. 4. 5x it 18+9X7 6-8+12 2 2 For review, see Unit 4, pages 115-116. To evaluate algebraic expressions, substitute the given number for the variable. Evaluate each expression if x = 12. 15. 16. 7. 18. 3x cs x 2x-6 3-12 = 36 . : 19. a. 22. 18+ xl n+ 2 6 x For review, see Unit 4, page 122. To solve for the variable, use basic addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Solve each equation. 23. 2a. 25. 26. 3x=9 3-2 2x = 10 773 3+3=9 x=3 2. 28, 30. Bx = 20 =6 4x= 12 For review, see Unit 4, page 125. ausMultiplying Signed Numbers When you multiply signed numbers, follow the rules of multiplication. When multiplying two numbers with the same sign, use Rule 1. Rule 1: To multiply numbers with the same sign, multiply and give the answer a positive sign. —6--3=18 or (-6)(—3) = 18 4(9)=36 or (4) (9) = 36 (-4)(-3)=12 or —4(-3) =12 Notice that multiplication is shown using parentheses around one or both signed numbers in a problem. Parentheses are used with signed numbers to avoid confusing operation signs and negative number signs. qian. Multiply ~7 (-2) 1. Multiply the two numbers. 2. Since both numbers have the same sign, the answer is positive. 7Q)=14 -7(-2)=14 Multiply. 1 2 3. (7) @) = 21 -10 (-8) 409) 4 5 6 (8) (-6) -12(-1) 5 (2) 7. 8. 9. -15(-3) 21 (4) -1(-7) 10. n. 12. (36) (9) —13(—10) —40 (-6) 1B. 4, 15. —103 (-7) 260) 17 (20) Write a multiplication problem using the words given. Multiply. 16. negative twenty-two multiplied by 17. negative nineteen times negative five negative thirty us ®Multiplying Signed Numbers When you multiply two numbers with different signs, use this rule. Rule 2: To multiply numbers with different signs, multiply and give the answer a negative sign. (—5) (8) = -40 or 58) 7-D=-7 or (CT. Remember, zero times any number is always zero. =10(0) =0 (0) (-12) = 0 Multiply. 1 2. 3. (-2@) -5 (4) (9 0) 2) (3) =6 (2) (@) = ~6 4 5. 6. -7Q) -5(1) (10) (—5) 7 8. 9. (8) (-6) 12(-3) =20(7) 10. u. 2 -16 2) (&) (-25) (-) G0) Write a multiplication problem using the words given. Multiply. 13. negative three multiplied by 14. positive forty-five times negative two positive twenty 150Dividing Signed Numbers The rules for dividing signed numbers are the same as the rules for multiplying signed numbers. In algebra, division is usually shown with a fraction bar. Always divide the numerator by the denominator. Rule 1: To divide numbers with the same sign, divide and give the answer a positive sign. 12 6 24 =8 30 al 2 eal 13. 63 14, 70 15. =32 16. 100 9 10 1 10 17. =81 18. =16 19, 2 20. =75 =9 =4 2 =5 Write a division problem using the words given. Divide. 21. negative twenty-two divided by 22, positive twelve divided by negative eleven positive three 23, negative thirty-five divided by 24, positive sixteen divided by negative seven positive eightDividing Signed Numbers When only one of the numbers in a division problem is negative, the answer is negative, Rule 2: To divide numbers with different signs, divide and give the answer a negative sign. Notice that the negative sign may be shown in different places. The answer is the same. Remember, zero divided by any number is always zero. 0 2, Since the numbers have different signs, the answer is negative. 36 36 oe = 2 48 a -6 12 hon 8. 4 ms 12 _109 “2 25 15. _29 16. 7 Write a division problem using the words given. Divide. 17. negative fifteen divided by 18. positive twenty-three divided by positive one negative five O125 ixed Revi Multiply. 1 2 3. (-6)(-7) (-13) (-4) mo 4 5. 6 (26) @(-7 (-9 3) 7. 8. 9. -11(-5) 8(-12) —4(-10) 10. WW 12. 3(-8) ae (6) (-3) Divide. Write remainders as fractions. % 6 Mw Hig 15. _9 =2 —7 =3 18 36 7% _40 gt -6 20 9 19. 33 2. a7 coe 5 3 =4 22. 23. 2 a5 -5 Write a multiplication or division problem using the words given. Multiply or divide. 25. negative nine multiplied by 26. negative thirty-two divided by negative ten positive four 27. positive six times negative twelve 28, negative twenty divided by negative two 29. positive eighteen times 30. positive twenty-nine divided by positive three negative seven 31, negative thirteen multiplied by 32, positive forty divided by negative three negative nine 133 @Solving Multiplication Equations To solve a multiplication equation, use division in order to leave the variable by itself on one side of the equal sign. Divide the same number into each Side of the equation. 5x = 10 5x _ 10 5 5 x=2 Since 5 divided by 5 is 1, just write the variable by itself. The 1 is not shown in algebra. Solve. Reduce fractions to lowest terms. Check. 1 2 3. 2v=1 Check: 2v=1 ox=3 7x = 42 2x _1 1 2x _d A) 4 2733) 1 -1 1-1 a? 4 5. 6. Br =48 6x = 54 a4 7 8. 9. 5x=15 Lox =8 4r=20 Qis8Solving Multiplication Equations Some multiplication equations contain negative numbers. You can still use division to solve these equations. Follow the rules on pages 151 and 152 for dividing signed numbers. Solve. Reduce fractions if possible. Check. 1. 2 1) Check: -7x = 1 5x = -25 1)\_ (25) =1 1=1 : s. -9y = -18 by = -6 ; : =10y = 20 —3y = -12 10. 1. -3x = -2 —4x = 48 ~8y =2Solving Division Equations To solve a division equation, multiply both sides of the equation by the same number. Solve. Check. 1. fa a 2 y 3. F710 Check: 5 = 10 aoe ke 50. 5-E=10-5 x? = 10 5x = B= 50 10 = 10 x= 50 4 5. 6. ke ve Xoas 578 cae, 4 7. 8. 9. ve ue Zug bas B77 6 10. un. 12. ze va 4=10 ons oot 8 a6Solving Division Equations ‘Some division equations contain negative numbers. You can still use multiplication to solve division equations. If the expression with the variable has a negative sign, be sure to multiply by a negative number. Follow the rules on pages 149 and 150 for multiplying signed numbers. Solve. Check. 1 4-3 Check: of ¥) = 2 =) 2(-4) 2-9 Sy eK = Yas 2=2 y>-4 4 5. we ~9 3 7 a Hoy ~6 0 10. WwW xo- a7 20, ce Ha vo te 2-9 37 @gilixed Reis Solve. Check. 1 3. 3x=9 9x =2 4 5. 6. 16x = 32, 4x =1 10y =7 7 8 8 -12x = 24 —5x = 15 10. n. 12. 3x = -12 —4x = 16 6x = 48 13. 1“ 18. ve xe 6 em12 776 16. 7. 18. ° He 45-3 au es ae i 4 6 9Reciprocaly ‘Some equations have a fraction before the variable. For example, in the equation 2 = 9, the fraction is 2 ‘To solve this kind of equation, multiply both sides of the equation by the reciprocal ofthe fraction. You can find the reciprocal of any fraction by inverting (turning upside down) the fraction. The reciprocal of 2,3 . 2, 3 2 is 3 and the reciprocal of ~} is —3. When you multiply an expression with a fraction by the reciprocal of the fraction, they cancel each other out and leave the variable by itself. Write the reciprocal of each fraction. 1 2 3. 4 5. 1 1 1 L : 6 3 5 og eet 1 6. A 7, 5 8. 2 9. 10. z 7 6 5 0 Multiply each expression by the reciprocal of the fraction. Cancel. 11, 12. 13. 14, 15. “4 2. pale 2. 3* 7 u* om 1 g. a 1 ). 20. 16. 3 17. 1, 18. 3 19. a oy 5 9 10" 8 2Solving Fraction Equations To solve a fraction equation, multiply each side of the equation by the reciprocal of the fraction. If the fraction is negative, be sure to put a negative sign in front of the reciprocal. Solve. Check. 2. By a By =-21 4 =x=5 5. 6. a0Solving Equations Using Two Operations To solve some equations, you may need to use more than one operation. Add or subtract first. Then multiply or divide. 2 Check: —3y + 8 = 2 10 + 5x = 20 -3Q)+8=2 (6) +8=2 2=2 3. 4 4y-4=0 3 - 6x = 39 5. 6. ¥_¢= xX 465 bona 5 t6=3 7 a ¥_s=- p-5=-15 1 ®Solving Equations Using Two Operations When you solve equations, be sure to follow the rules for adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing signed numbers. Solve. Check. 2 2 as 2425 2 ext 2= 3y-5=-7 By+2=10 Check: Fx +2=10 ax 2 2 2 49-2=10- 2 pirat 2e+2-2=10-2 2eaz+2=10 2y=8 442-10 3 3 3.2 3 3,229.3 +2=10 3.2y=8-5 8 4 =4 10= xo 10 x=2 :. 4. 26s Braga gx 6=44 Be 16Unit6 Review Multiply. 1 (—6) (—4) Solve. Check. 13. 3x = 21 16. -5x = 10 19. are a 1 4. "7. 20. (-1) (~10) 3(-8) 8x = 56 —6x = -36 or Write the reciprocal of each fraction. 2 6 23. 9 20 12. 16. 18. 21. 24. -5(-4) -4() xR 4 20 -5 10x = 90 4x = -16 yo- £=-10 Ble 2 163 ®Multiply each expression by the reciprocal of the fraction. aa % 2 9 “3! oY Solve. Check. 28. 29, 15 30. 3. 8 31. 32. y 33. 4x +9=12 t-7=5 -5x-7=18 34g 35. 36. io" 2720 Ex+6= Below is a list of the problems in this review and the pages on which the skills are taught. If you missed any problems, turn to the pages listed and practice the skills. Then correct the problems you missed in the Unit Review. Problems, Pages Problems: Pages 16 149-150 22-27 159 712 151-152 28-30 160 13-18 154-155 31-36 161-162, 19:21 156-157 Wise