Statistical Process

Control
(STAT-807)

Dr. Muhammad Younas Majeed

 Quality Control

Design of Statistical Acceptance

Experiments Process Control Sampling
 QMS for
QualityImprovement
Quality Improvement

Quality Quality
Quality Control
Planning Assurance
PDCA Cycle
PDSA Cycle
Quality Control
Dimensions of Quality
Performance
Reliability
Durability
Serviceability
Aesthetics
Features
Perceived Quality
Conformance to Standards
 Fitness for use

Quality of Quality of
Conformance Design
 Quality characteristics/
Critical-to-quality (CTQ)

Time
Physical Sensory
Orientation
• Length • Taste • Reliability
• Weight • Appearance • Durability
• Voltage • Color • Serviceability
• Viscosity • Touch & • Scalability
Feel • Portability
 Quality Characteristics/
Critical-to-Quality (CTQ)
Lower specification limit (LSL)
• The smallest allowable value for a quality characteristic

Nominal/Target Value
• Value of a measurement that corresponds to the desired value for that QC.

Upper specification limit (USL)

• The largest allowable value for a quality characteristic
 Operational

Quality
Engineering

Engineering Managerial

to ensure that the quality characteristics of a product

are at the nominal or required levels and that the
variability around these desired levels is minimum.
Quality characteristics are often
evaluated relative to Specification
 Variability can only be expressed in
Statistical Terms
Statistical Methods play central role in Quality
Improvement

Data
Variable Attributes
Length Taste
Weight Appearance
Voltage Color
Viscosity Touch & Feel
7 QC TOOLS
 Chance Cause Variations
Variations

A Process operating with the CC Variations is stable or in-Control

Assignable Cause Variation

Improperly adjusted or controlled machines,
operator error or improper raw material
A Process operating with AC Variations is un-stable or out of Control
7 QC TOOLS
 Check Sheets

Used to collect data in real time at

the location where the data is
generated. The data it captures can be
quantitative or qualitative.
Check Sheets
Attribute Data
 Check Sheets
Measurement Data
 Check List
Helps to ensure consistency and
completeness in carrying out a task.

A basic example is the "to do list".

A schedule, which lays out tasks to be

done according to time of day or other factors
Check List
Check List
 Flow Chart
Flowcharting is typically used to map a process flow
showing the beginning of a process, decision points, and
the end of the process.

this tool is used to find redundant or unnecessary steps in

a process that improve the process efficiency when
eliminated.
Flow Chart
Flow Chart
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
Cause & Effect (Fishbone ) Diagram
PARETO CHART

Bar graph

Lengths of the bars represent

frequency/cost/time / money etc.

Longest bars on the left and the

shortest to the right
Visually depicts which situations are
more significant
When to Use PARETO CHART
Analyzing data about the frequency of
problems or causes in a process

There are many problems/causes & you

want to focus on the most significant

Analyzing broad causes by looking at

their specific components
Communicating with others about your
data
How to Construct PARETO CHART
What categories you will use to group items

what measurement is appropriate

what period of time the Pareto chart will cover

Collect data, recording the category each time, or
assemble data that already exist
Subtotal the measurements for each category

Determine appropriate scale for measurements

Construct & label bars for each category; Descend..

Examples; PARETO CHART
CONTROL CHART
CONTROL CHART
CONTROL CHART
CONTROL CHART
CONTROL CHART
CONTROL CHART
Hours