Lecture 3+4+5

summarized by Sara Aloqayfi

NET W O R K ING
COMPUTER NETWORK A NETWORK CAN BE DEFINED
AS TWO OR MORE COMPUTERS CONNECTED IN SUCH
A WAY THAT THEY CAN SHARE RESOURCES.
The purpose of network is share resources.

A resource may be:

A file - A folder
A printer - A disk drive

Usually, the connections between computers in a network are made using

physical wires or cables

some connections are wireless, using radio waves or infrared signals

Advantages of networking
Data Sharing - Hardware Sharing
Internet Access - Internet Access Sharing
Data Security and Management
Performance Enhancement and Balancing

Computer networks have opened up an entire

frontier in the world of computing called the
client/server model

15-2
 Types of Networks

Local-area network Metropolitan-area Wide-area network

(LAN) network (MAN) (WAN)
A network that The communication A network that
connects a relatively that have been connects two or more
small number of developed in and local-area networks
machines around large cities

15-3
Types of Networks

15-10
Types of Networks

Figure 15.1 Local-area networks connected across a distance to

create a wide-area network

15-5
Internet Lecture4
It is the largest network in the world that connects hundreds of
thousands of individual networks all over the world.
The popular term for the Internet is the “information
highway”.
 Some Common Terms

An Internet Browser is a software program that enables you to view

Web pages on your computer. Browsers connect computers to the
Internet and allow people to “surf the Web.”
Internet Explorer is one of the browsers most commonly used. There
are other browsers available as well, including Netscape
A site or area on the World Wide Web that is accessed by its own Internet
address is called a Web site.
A Web Page is like a page in a book. Websites often have several pages that you
can access by clicking on links. A Web site can be a collection of related Web
pages.
Each Web site contains a home page (this is the original starting page) and may
also contain additional pages.
Different computers will have different home pages. You can set your own
webpage.
Layout of a Web Page

1. Title bar – tells you the name of the web page

2. Menu bar – has commands for moving around the webpage, printing,
etc
3. Tool bar – short cuts to commands. Each picture represents a
command
4. Address bar – webpage address. If you want to go directly to a web
page, you will need to know the address.
Parts of a Web Address
A web address is typically composed of four parts:
For example, the address http://www.google.sa is made up of the following
areas:
http://
This Web server uses Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). This is
the most common protocol on the Internet.
www
This site is on the World Wide Web.
google
The Web server and site maintainer.
sa
This tells us it is a site in Saudi arabia.
 How to Search the Internet ?
1. if you know the address of the web page (example: www.cbc.ca)
Two basic ways

2. Using a search engine like Google to find the address. This is called a
keyword search

The uses of internet :

▪Send e-mail messages.
▪Send (upload) or receive (download) files between computers.
▪Participate in discussion groups, such as mailing lists and
newsgroups.
▪Surfing the web.
 What is a Computer Virus? lectur5
A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself and infect a
computer without the permission or knowledge of the owner.
One of the first detected virus was the Creeper virus in the early 70’s
Before computer networks became widespread, most viruses spread on
removable media, particularly floppy disk.

Basic Computer Viruses

Trojan Horses Worms E-mail Viruses

appears as • virus that copies • use e-mail •

interesting program and multiplies itself messages to spread
file but when using computer by which allow it to
installed it allows networks and automatically
intruders to access security flaws forward itself to
and read your files thousands of people
 Signs Your Computer is Infected
1. Functions slower than normal
2. Responds slowly and freezes often
3. Restarts itself often
4. See uncommon error messages, distorted menus, and dialog
boxes
5. Notice applications fail to work correctly
6. Fail to print correctly

Prevention
1. Upload and use antivirus software
2. Be aware of the e-mails and attachments you open
3. Check for updates on antivirus software regularly
4. Make sure antivirus software is installed correctly