Sekolah Lentera Kasih (Bali)

WORKSHEET 3 ( Networks )
TERM 1

: Teo
Name Teacher’s Parent’s
Score
: Grade 12 Signature Signature
Class
: IT A level
Subject
: 23 August 2018
Date

1. Packet switching is used to transfer data around networks.

Discuss the benefit and drawbacks of packet switching [8]

2. Describe the role of repeater and bridge in a network [2]

3. Describe 2 types of server in a network [10]

4. Describe 3 advantages of fibre optic for transmission of data [3]

5. List four principles of data protection act [4]

6. Global Positioning system (GPS) are used by navigation devices to allow drivers of
cars to find location and destinations
a. Describe how GPS signals from satellites are used by navigation devices to
determine a location? [8]

b. Describe the factors that could degrade a GPS signal, when it is transmitted to a
navigation device and affect the accuracy of the location found by that device [5]

7. Daniel wants to download an item of freeware from world wide web

a. Explain how Daniel can take precautions against malware when downloading
freeware? [4]
b. Describe two other ways in which malware infect Daniel’s computer [2]\

ANSWERS

1. Benefits:

 it makes very efficient use of the network – no tied-up lines

 it can easily get around broken bits of the network
 as customers increase, the network only has to expand slowly compared to circuit
switching.
 many cost benefits, they can be used to carry voice and video traffic across the
same network that your data uses, meaning that you don't need to pay to have
separate computer and phone networks installed. 

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Drawbacks:
 the time it takes to put back the data package changes each time, which can be
problem for time-critical information such as an emergency signal (latency).
 it is not very good for small data packages, e.g. if the data package itself is only
600 bytes long, then two packets of 512 bytes need to be used, plus the address
information.
 potential for network security risks due to the use of shared physical links
 packets may be lost on their route, so sequence numbers are required to identify
missing packets.

2. Repeater: amplifies the signal on a network cable. It is also another name for an
active hub. Its job is to regenerate the signal over the same network before the
signal becomes too weak or corrupted so as to extend the length to which the
signal can be transmitted over the same network. An important point to be noted
about repeaters is that they do not amplify the signal. When the signal becomes
weak, they copy the signal bit by bit and regenerate it at the original strength. It is
a 2 port device.

Bridge: connects two LANs. A bridge operates at data link layer. A bridge is a
repeater, with add on functionality of filtering content by reading the MAC
addresses of source and destination. It is also used for interconnecting two LANs
working on the same protocol. It has a single input and single output port, thus
making it a 2 port device.

3. Client server network:

 A dedicated computer controls the network
 Centralised databases of users, usernames and passwords
 Centralised data storage
 Centralised back-ups
 Suited to large networks with many networks

Peer to peer network:

 No individual computer controls the network
 No centralised database
 Data is stored on individual computers
 Relies on users remembering to back-up individual computers
 Suited to small networks with few computers

4. Advantages of fiber optic for transmission of data:

 Small Size: fiber optic cable has a very small diameter. Small size saves
more space in fiber optic transmission.
 Longer Distance: in fiber optic transmission, optical cables are capable of
providing low power loss, which enables signals can be transmitted to a
longer distance than copper cables.

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 Extremely High Bandwidth: No other cable-based data transmission
medium offers the bandwidth that fiber does. The volume of data that fiber
optic cables transmit per unit time is far great than copper cables.
5. The following principles which state that information about data subjects must be:
 Used fairly and lawfully
 Used for limited, specifically stated purposes
 Accurate
 Kept no longer than is absolutely necessary
6. a. GPS uses a process trilateration
 Uses at least three satellites
 Determine the distance between the GPS receiver and each satellite
 This enables the exact location to be calculated
 The calculation of time from each of the satellites to the receiver works out
the distance than pinpoints the location.
 The location is at the intersection of each transmission
b.Factors that could degrade GPS signal:
 Atmospheric conditions
 Require line of sight
 If there is no line of sight to a satellite such as bridges, tunnel, tall buildings
or mountains it will disrupt the signal
7. a. He can take precautions by:
 Beware of unofficial sites or risky sites
 Use an anti-virus software
 Encryption
 Backup
b. Spyware and viruses